• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.36
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• pp.693-724
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• 2018

This article was started to find a way for creating a performance out of Gut. In order to find such way, the first thing that had to be done was to organize the Gut performances that had been made until now. It was to organize the existing study on the performances and to seek a different way from it, believing that the virtue of a performance is to 'create diversity'. However, it was not easy to organize the Gut performances, which became full-scale in the 1980s, because they were never organized before. Therefore, based on my direct and indirect experience, I have organized the most important performances in chronological order. Most importantly, as the planners of the performances (can sometimes be a group or an organization instead of an individual) are the ones who make the show possible, I have noted on them with keen interest. The National Folk Art Performance Contests in Korea, Theater 'Space Sarang', The Association of Gut, Theater 'Madangsesil', Seoul Nori Madang, and National Gugak center were the center space and planning body of the Gut performances. Recording the history of Gut is a worthwhile work of its own. However, it is a substantial amount of task to be done with individual effort, and it has to be progressed as a public project in order to promote and spread its value. Therefore, this article raises the need for it. Meanwhile, as stated earlier, this article has recorded the history of Gut performances as a precondition to finding a way to create a performance out of Gut. From the experimental organization of the Gut performances history, I could find out that most of the performances had the people who did Gut as the main body and the method of the Gut performance did not significantly deviate from just reenacting the original Gut at the time of when it was performed. Therefore, I have introduced Shinmyeong, the Nori-Pae (troupe), and TheGwangdae, the Korean Traditional Performance troupe, who create Madangguk from various Gut materials. By refining the wholly complicated performance elements of the Gut, it could escape from the 'reenacting' performance to becoming a material or a metaphor for a whole new performance.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.408-413
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• 2008

Rice blast resistance is considered one of the most important traits in rice breeding and the disease, caused by Magnaporthe grisea Barr, has brought significant crop losses annually. Moreover, breakdown of resistance normally occurs in two to five years after cultivar release, thus a more durable resistance is needed for better control of this disease. We developed a new variety, Keumo3, which showed strong resistance to leaf blast. It was tested in 2003 to 2007 at fourteen blast nursery sites covering entire rice-growing regions of South Korea. It showed resistance reactions in 12 regions and moderate in 2 regions without showing susceptible reactions. Durability test by sequential planting method indicated that this variety had better resistance. Results showed that Keumo3 was incompatible against 19 blast isolates with the exception of KI101 by artificial inoculation. To understand the genetic control of blast resistance in rice cultivar Keumo3 and facilitate its utilization, recombinant inbred lines (RIL) consisting of 290 F5 lines derived from Akidagomachi/Keumo3 were analyzed and genotyped with Pizt InDel marker zt56591. The recombination value between the marker allele of zt56591 and bioassay data of blast nursery test was 1.1%. These results indicated that MAS can be applied in selecting breeding populations for blast resistance using zt56591 as DNA marker.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.169-180
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate characteristics of panicle traits which are important factors affecting yield and grain quality of rice. Twelve panicle traits in 178 Korean rice varieties composed of 160 Japonica type varieties and 18 Tongil type varieties were investigated. Tongil type varieties had longer panicle and thicker neck node than Japonica type varieties. Other traits such as number of total spikelets, total rachis-branches, secondary rachis-branches (SRBs) per panicle, total spikelets on SRBs per panicle, mean number of spikelets on a SRB, and mean number of SRBs per primary rachis branch (PRB) in Tongil type varieties were also higher than in Japonica type varieties. On the other hand, Japonica type varieties were shown to have well exserted panicle and little more mean number of spikelets on a PRB than Tongil type varieties. According to cluster analysis based on 12 panicle traits, 178 varieties were divided into four main groups. Group I had 133 Japonica type varieties and was characterized by relatively well exserted short panicle, small thickness of neck node, few rachis-branches and little sink size than other group. Group II was composed of 24 Japonica type varieties and 6 Tongil type varieties showing medium value and range between Group I and III. Group III included 11 Tongil type varieties and 1 Japonica type variety 'Baegjinju1' characterized by relatively poor exserted long panicle, big thickness of neck node, many rachis-branches and large sink size. Group IV was solely composed of 'Nongan', which had well exserted long panicle, big thickness of neck node, many rachis-branches and large-sink size. In correlation analysis, number of total spikelets per panicle showed very high correlation with the number of total rachis-branches per panicle (r=0.975), number of spikelets on SRBs per panicle (0.962), number of SRBs per panicle (0.959), mean number of SRBs per PRB (0.746) and mean number of spikelets on SRBs (0.738).

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.21
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• pp.41-84
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• 2009

Lots of cultures, memories, histories of the local life have disappeared. Some sectors of universities and religion have keep their records in manuscript archive only. On the other hand records of public sectors were at least able to be managed by the records management law. Citizen's groups and academic bounds were also roles to get public records strong. However can we just describe whole body with only public records? As records management law a record of private sector which has value of preserving can be managed under national protection. Yet establishment of local archive is not obligate. Only stressing on public records is like what dictatorial government acted in past years. It is what we ignore diversity and request of community. We need to move our view that we have focused on public and central sectors to private and local sectors. Local records management based on locality could help to complete the entire puzzle. The way complete the puzzle is various and wide spheres including from cultural space to being extinct village. Locality is defined as the property in certain area or distinctiveness of locals. Establishing production strategies is as important as collecting records produced over the past years for local archiving. Local archiving has to be regionally conducted in phase. Moreover common wealth and recognition of communities are reflected in the acquisition process. In next to archiving local organizations and private records according to collection policy, methodology on local archiving needs for archive management and use in various public and private fields. This methodology could be possible by building a local archive networking tool. It is true that Local archiving is not familiar and clear yet. If we can turn the effort for public records we have made to endeavor for private sectors, we might expect big fruits in private sectors. We easily emphasis on globalization or internationalization, our daily lives start on our villages. Setting aside our small communities, such a puzzle of the whole would never be completed. This is good time to begin finding lost puzzle for future. The key that can find lost puzzles be held in archiving localities.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.32-47
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the vegetation maintenance project that was conducted as a part of the Official Development Assistance (ODA) project for the historic site of Angkor, to analyze the aspects and characteristics of the project, and to derive implications for the establishment of future policies and strategies. First, the key words used in the vegetation maintenance project at the historic site of Angkor do not only refer to the concept of plants (and more specifically to 'trees') but also to the concept of heritage. In other words, the concept of heritage is not limited to architectural structures but is also intended to mean the vegetation and surroundings that form the historic site. Second, the expansion of the value of vegetation has contributed to the establishment of the basic principles of conservation based on the 'coexistence' between architectural structures and vegetation; here, vegetation has come to be recognized as an 'essential' element in the conservation of historic sites. Third, the range of vegetation maintenance has expanded from each tree to the surroundings of the temples, and vegetation maintenance came to adopt 'integrative' and 'active' directions to improve not only the growth environment of the vegetation but also the viewing environment experienced by visitors. This change means that it is necessary for the historic site maintenance project to comprehensively deal with the temples and their surrounding areas. Fourth, for the effective performance of the ODA project, the role of the International Coordinating Committee for the Safeguarding and Development of the Historic Site of Angkor (ICC-Angkor), under the influence of UNESCO, was expanded from an examination of the problems with the existing projects to a search for solutions to technical consultation and supervision. This implies that, in order to perform the ODA project in a way that is appropriate to the local conditions, it is important to reach gradual and phased agreements with ICC-Angkor.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2019

This experiment was carried out to study the change of productivity and feed value in different types of hilly pasture. The pasture utilized in the experiment was placed on the experimental farm of Pyeongchang Campus of Seoul National University. Forage production type(FP; Orchardgrass 18 + Tall Fescue 12 + Timothy 5 + White clover 5 kg/ha) and Public farm type(PF: Orchardgrass 12 + Tall Fescue 18 + Timothy 5 + White clover 5 kg/ha) pasture were established in September 3, 2014 and utilized (cutting or grazing) four times every year. Growth characteristics, yield and forage quality were investigated for two years. Plant height of grasses was the highest in the $1^{st}$ cutting and legumes was in the $2^{nd}$ cutting. Dry matter (DM) content was highest at every the $1^{st}$ cut grasses significantly lower at the $2^{nd}$ harvest (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$ and $4^{th}$ harvest in 2016. In the botanical composition change, the portion of legume was gradually increased after pasture establishment and the ratio of weed and bare land was higher at $2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}$ cutting, but it was decreased at $4^{th}$ harvest. There was no significant difference in 2016 of fresh yield between two farm types (p>0.05). The yield of dry matter showed similar trend of fresh yield and forage production type was higher than that of public farm type (p<0.05). The forage intake by livestock was 1,452 kg/ha in 2015 and 1,743 kg/ha in 2016. Pasture utilization ratio of public farm type pasture was highest in the $3^{rd}$ grazing time. Forage quality of pasture in relation to management type had not significant difference, but there was difference in harvest times. Crude protein (CP) was the lowest in the $1^{st}$ harvest and total digestible nutrient (TDN) was highest in the $1^{st}$ harvest and lowest in the $4^{th}$ harvest. Based on the above results, it is found that the establishment of pasture suitable for farm's situation is important for set up of Korean model of hilly pasture. Although the forage production type is superior on forage productivity, it is recommended that the results will be provided as basic data for management of public farm type in the future.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.36
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• pp.223-253
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine how the Korean classic novel "Shimcheong-jeon" has transformed in juvenile literature since the 2000s. Classical novels are far from modern and temporal, differ from modern cultures. Classic novels are also different from the lives and thoughts of modern children. It is therefore difficult for modern child readers to easily understand or agree with classical novels. In order for classical novels to have the meaning in the present, it is necessary to pay attention to the encounter between classical novels and children's literature. In the case of "Shimcheong-jeon", unlike other classical novels, there are many creative fairy tales. There are seven kinds of fairy tales that transformed "Shimcheong-jeon". They are diverse in genres such as picture books, fairy tales, and juvenile fiction, and are intended for a variety of ages. These works are described in various perspectives such as, Shimcheong who is full of desire, Shim Hakgyu who is disabled, Ppaengdeog's mother who has maternity and subjectivity, The dragon of the dragon king and Byeogdeog who loves Shimcheong, and Shin Cheong who has a dream. The themes of the works vary. So, These works extend our expectations for classical literature. Fairy tales that transformed "Shimcheong-jeon" reflect the lives of children and youths, this is important because it can reduce the distance between classical novels and children and youth readers. Classical novels are modernized and give new meaning to modern children and youths. And it reflects the characteristics of the novels of Pansori's "Shimcheong-jeon", preserving the value of classics. Tears of Paengdeok is a story that explains the origin of Pansori "Shimcheong-ga", and inserts some lyrics of Pansori, in the case of Cheong, Cheong, Pansori style is used. Although humor is the greatest feature of pansori, there are few of Fairy tales that transformed "Shimcheong-jeon". It is a direction to worry and to orient when transforming "Shimcheong-jeon" into a fairy tale.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.37
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• pp.187-221
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• 2018

The style of performance to contemporary nongak is not fixed in a specific period of time, but in conjunction with the total change in society that has occurred during its long time from traditional society to the modern times. It is important to recognize that the traditional performance art forms that we see and feel today, including nongak, are constantly interacting with the times and are a change in the design that has been shaped in the past. Now, we must get rid of the negative idea that there is some fixed prototype in Nongak. Also, the value and the need for preservation of current Nongak should not be evaluated according to the ' pure genealogy of village descent, ' which was possible only in villages with small population movements long ago. If can get rid of the stereotypes, can greatly expand the view that we read the values of a certain Nongak. Looking away from a few of these traditional fixed perceptions can significantly broaden the view of reading the winning values of some farmers ' songs. In this regard, this report determined the performing style and nature of Changwon's Toichon-noangak through a structural analysis of the Toichon-noangak in contemporary, and discussed the significance of the transmittion of Toichon-noangak. Changwon Toichon Nongak started out as an even-present ritual performance based on the religious nature of the village community and actively exchanged with the economic, social and cultural foundations of the Republic of Korea, which began to accumulate in the modern changes. Generally, the performance style of village Nongak has a combination of characteristics according to the ritual, Dure(collective labor), entertainment, and these three functions. Toichon Nongak is also a village Nongak style and in which of ritual nongak and village entertainment nongak are connected in parallel as one in the big total structure. The origin, background, purpose, and style of towing of Toichon noangak demonstrates that the Toichon noangak is originally ceremonial noangak derived from a prayer style of Dongje. Then, various factors influences are interacting with Toichon noangak within the orbit of modern society, such a style of playing, popular nongak, is believed to have undergone an extended change. Overall, Toichon nongak performance style can be called nongak, which maintains traditional customs and it also has the changed characteristics according to the times of village society.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.23
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• pp.87-139
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• 2010

Unlike in the past, a new paradigm has been presented which the use of records is much more important than the preservation of those in the present. It will be necessary for users to signalizes the value of records and to make themselves easily accessible to records in order that records should be more effectively used. To meet the needs of the times, it is the very 'Contents' that starts to attract public attention. National Archives in England produces and provides contents utilizing multi-media by using digital technology on various sorts of archives which England has. In addition to England, Asian Historical Records center in Japan in Japan makes Archival Contents Service reflecting users' needs and continues to update the latest contents. What is more, National Archives of Korea has recently promoted the introduction of digital archive by the change of archival paradigm in records management, and it is giving an impetus to the development of contents in the digital archive. In fact, it is crucial to keep as many contents as possible and to give service to public, but it will not be possible to get positive response from public and to offer much higher level of archival information service until the quality of contents is highly improved. Accordingly, this manuscript analyzed the feature and type of contents which National Archives of Korea provides with cases of both TNA in England and Asian Historical Records center in Japan, each of which has different characteristics. Also, it dealt with several methods of the usage of contents in those organizations. Furthermore, this study explained what kind of contents and feedback are given to users. Moreover, it divided the components of contents of three institutions as mentioned into three by information provided and evaluated the quality of contents by establishing the details of contents. In addition, there were implications for archives with regard to reference for building contents.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.221-238
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• 2019

Recently, companies and public institutions have been actively introducing chatbot services in the field of customer counseling and response. The introduction of the chatbot service not only brings labor cost savings to companies and organizations, but also enables rapid communication with customers. Advances in data analytics and artificial intelligence are driving the growth of these chatbot services. The current chatbot can understand users' questions and offer the most appropriate answers to questions through machine learning and deep learning. The advancement of chatbot core technologies such as NLP, NLU, and NLG has made it possible to understand words, understand paragraphs, understand meanings, and understand emotions. For this reason, the value of chatbots continues to rise. However, technology-oriented chatbots can be inconsistent with what users want inherently, so chatbots need to be addressed in the area of the user experience, not just in the area of technology. The Fourth Industrial Revolution represents the importance of the User Experience as well as the advancement of artificial intelligence, big data, cloud, and IoT technologies. The development of IT technology and the importance of user experience have provided people with a variety of environments and changed lifestyles. This means that experiences in interactions with people, services(products) and the environment become very important. Therefore, it is time to develop a user needs-based services(products) that can provide new experiences and values to people. This study proposes a chatbot development process based on user needs by applying the design thinking approach, a representative methodology in the field of user experience, to chatbot development. The process proposed in this study consists of four steps. The first step is 'setting up knowledge domain' to set up the chatbot's expertise. Accumulating the information corresponding to the configured domain and deriving the insight is the second step, 'Knowledge accumulation and Insight identification'. The third step is 'Opportunity Development and Prototyping'. It is going to start full-scale development at this stage. Finally, the 'User Feedback' step is to receive feedback from users on the developed prototype. This creates a "user needs-based service (product)" that meets the process's objectives. Beginning with the fact gathering through user observation, Perform the process of abstraction to derive insights and explore opportunities. Next, it is expected to develop a chatbot that meets the user's needs through the process of materializing to structure the desired information and providing the function that fits the user's mental model. In this study, we present the actual construction examples for the domestic cosmetics market to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed process. The reason why it chose the domestic cosmetics market as its case is because it shows strong characteristics of users' experiences, so it can quickly understand responses from users. This study has a theoretical implication in that it proposed a new chatbot development process by incorporating the design thinking methodology into the chatbot development process. This research is different from the existing chatbot development research in that it focuses on user experience, not technology. It also has practical implications in that companies or institutions propose realistic methods that can be applied immediately. In particular, the process proposed in this study can be accessed and utilized by anyone, since 'user needs-based chatbots' can be developed even if they are not experts. This study suggests that further studies are needed because only one field of study was conducted. In addition to the cosmetics market, additional research should be conducted in various fields in which the user experience appears, such as the smart phone and the automotive market. Through this, it will be able to be reborn as a general process necessary for 'development of chatbots centered on user experience, not technology centered'.