• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.64-87
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• 2020

한국의 문화재 관리 제도는 일제강점기에 제정 시행된 근대 문화재 법제와 구황실재산 관리 제도를 기반으로 성립되었다. 그동안 학계에서는 근대 문화재 법제를 중심으로 한 문화재 관리 제도에 대한 연구 성과는 축적해 왔으나 문화재 관리 제도의 또 다른 축을 이루고 있는 구황실재산 관리 제도에 대해서는 이를 문화재 제도사 관점에서 접근한 연구가 거의 없다. 구황실재산은 갑오개혁에 의해 봉건적 가산에서 분리 독립하였으나 일제의 식민지 침탈과정에서 정리 해체되어 일제강점기에는 식민지 왕가의 세습 재산으로 관리되었다. 그 후 정부 수립 후인 1954년 「구황실재산법」이 제정 시행됨으로써 구황실재산은 국유화와 함께 역사적 고전적 문화재로 규정되었고 구황실재산사무총국에 의해 관리되었다. 이때 구황실재산 중 영구 보존 재산으로 지정된 재산은 1963년 「문화재보호법」 1차 개정 시 부칙 제2조에 의거 국유 문화재로 정식 편입됨으로써 민족의 문화유산으로 인정받았다.결론적으로 말해서 한국의 문화재 형성과 문화재 관리 제도는 두 개의 서로 다른 연원인 근대 문화재 법제와 구황실 재산 관리 제도가 하나로 통합되어 이루어졌다고 할 수 있다. 근대 문화재 법제의 변천이 일본의 그것을 식민지 조선에 이식·적용하여 문화재를 규율하고 관리하는 과정이었다면 구황실재산 관리는 일제가 대한제국을 식민지화 하면서 구황실재산을 침탈하고 정리하여 운용한 과정이었다고 할 수 있다. 광복과 대한민국 정부수립으로 이 각기 다른 두 개의 흐름이 하나로 합쳐지는 계기가 마련되었고 마침내 1961년 문화재관리국 설치와 1962년 주체적인 「문화재보호법」 체제가 성립됨으로써 제도적 통합이 이루어졌다고 평가할 수 있다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제51권
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• pp.25-44
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• 2018

일본 근대의 '반전시'의 기원은 청일전쟁과 러일전쟁으로 거슬러 올라간다. 청일전쟁은 천황의 '선전소칙' 포고로 개시된 첫 전쟁이다. 전쟁은 천황의 명령이며, 국민에 대한 '말씀'이다. '반대'하는 것은 허락되지 않았다. '소칙'에 따른 '전쟁'은 '성전'이고 정당성이 부여된다. 그 때문에 '반전(反戰)'은 천황의 명령과 '말씀'에 거역하는 사상, 표현으로 간주된다. 따라서 '반전시'로 잘 알려진 요사노 아키코의 "그대여 죽지 말지어다"(1904)는 발표 당시부터 "국가의 이름으로 처벌하라"라는 맹렬한 비판을 받게 된다. '반전시'는 언론탄압의 역사이기도 하다. 그 중에서도 단시형 문학에 대한 탄압은 그 정도가 매우 극심하였다. 마이너 장르인 탓에 지금까지 간과되어 왔지만 다시금 '반전시' 계보로 자리매김하고 재평가할 필요가 있다. 특히 러일전쟁에 탄생한 근대 센류(신센류)는, 풍자와 반어법을 구사하며 정치와 사회 전반을 비판했다는 이유로 국가로부터 집요한 감시와 탄압을 받았다. '교육칙어'를 풍자한 쓰루 아키라의 '반전 센류'는 그 최전선에 자리한다. 본 논문에서는 바로 이 풍자와 반어법에 주목하여 '소칙'과 '칙어'를 반전(反轉)시키는 '반전(反戰) 센류'를 고찰한 것이다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제21권
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• pp.289-306
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• 2010

In Jamaica Kincaid's novel Lucy, the narrator grows up with the burden of colonial legacies embedded with Englands' imperial disciplinary projects, its language, educational institutions, discourses. Colonial education interpellates the narrator into a colonial subject through its multiple ideological discourses and systems. Teaching the literature of England is the most insidious form of the Empire's disciplinary colonial projects, more powerful than military enforcement: Its mode of operation is creating phantasy and instigating and planting desire for such phantasy. As Homi Bhabha aptly theorizes as colonial mimicry and ambivalence, the narrator as colonial subject grows up split and confused as an ambivalent subject, simultaneously mimicking and desiring for the phantasized England as real, while resisting and criticizing such up-bringing and mimetic desire. This paper explores Kincaid's rhetorical strategy of employing Wordsworth's poem, "I Wandered as a Lonely Cloud," especially her use of the flower "daffodil." Employing the concept of "daffodil gap" suggested by postcolonial critics, this paper closely examines two episodes involving the flower daffodil in the novel, one in a colonial classroom and the other in a garden in a new world and suggests that Kincaid accomplishes intertextual critique of colonial education and imperial projects.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.157-173
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• 2004

The paper discusses the phenomenon of mathematical giftedness, especially manifested at early stages of life of future outstanding mathematicians, taken in its socio-cultural context. The authors suggest that the images of mathematical giftedness are formed differently in various cultural contexts and thus can imply different settings of the educational institutions that can accordingly ignore, encourage, or restrain the students considered gifted. The paper focuses on the cases of traditional mathematics in several Asian countries (China, Vietnam, and Japan) and of modem mathematics in Soviet Union/Russia in order to provide examples of different patterns of forming the image of mathematical giftedness and of the corresponding educational approaches.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.218-224
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• 2014

Plastic surgery training worldwide has seen a thorough restructuring over the past decade, with the introduction of formal training curricula and work-based assessment tools. Part of this process has been the introduction of revalidation and a greater use of simulation in training delivery. Simulation is an increasingly important tool for educators because it provides a way to reduce risks to both trainees and patients, whilst facilitating improved technical proficiency. Current microsurgery training interventions are often predicated on theories of skill acquisition and development that follow a 'practice makes perfect' model. Given the changing landscape of surgical training and advances in educational theories related to skill development, research is needed to assess the potential benefits of alternative models, particularly cross-training, a model now widely used in non-medical areas with significant benefits. Furthermore, with the proliferation of microsurgery training interventions and therefore diversity in length, cost, content and models used, appropriate standardisation will be an important factor to ensure that courses deliver consistent and effective training that achieves appropriate levels of competency. Key research requirements should be gathered and used in directing further research in these areas to achieve on-going improvement of microsurgery training.

• Korean journal of medical education
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.283-294
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• 2018

Since medical education programs in Korea and Japan seem to mutually influence each other, this review article provides a history of Japanese medical education, focusing on the way in which it influenced and was influenced by Korean medical education. In the late 19th century, the University of Tokyo established the core medical school, disseminating its scholarship and system to other medical schools. In the early 20th century, the balance between the quality and quantity of medical education became a new issue; in response, Japan developed different levels of medical school, ranging from imperial universities to medical colleges and medical vocational schools. After World War II, all of Japan's medical schools became part of the university system, which was heavily regulated by the Ministry of Education (MOE) Standard for the Establishment of Universities. In 1991, MOE deregulated the Standard; since 2000, several new systems have been established to regulate medical schools. These new approaches have included the Model Core Curriculum, 2-year mandatory postgraduate training, and a medical education accreditation system. Currently, most medical schools are nervous, as a result of tighter regulatory systems that include an accreditation system for undergraduate education and a specialty training system for postgraduate education.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.133-164
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• 1981

"Jonkyongkak" which King, Sungjong of Yi dynasty established within Sungkyunkwan in 1475 is regarded as the first university library in Korea. On the basis of modern librarianship, however, it is desirable to recognize the fact that Keijo Imperial University Library is really the first university library in Korea. In this thesis, an attempt to study the Korean university libraries under the period of Japanese control is provided. Keijo Imperial University Library is the key institution in this study. This study will focus to review the following facts: 1) the historical background of Keijo. Imperial University Library; 2) the organization and staffing pattern, and budget of this library; 3) the acquisition policy and basic collection development plan of this library; 4) the library and other services of this library including readers services; 5) the relationship with other private college libraries; and 6) the impact of this library on the present Seoul National University Library. The followings are the outlined conclusions: 1. Japanese Government had established Keijo Imperial University Library in order to perform the colonial education policy of Korean peninsula. Furthermore, it was one of the import supporting agencies for the research activities which were necessary for Japan to govern the Southeast Asia including Korean Peninsula 2. The organization and staffing size and pattern of this library are much below to those of modern university libraries. They are somewhat below to the level which is necessary to perform the minimum basic library functions. 3. The priorities of book collection of this library are 1) humanities and social sciences especially, materials on Law are much emphasized; 2) pure sciences and 3) technologies and agriculture. Therefore, the quantity of the materials on the field of technology and agriculture is very small. 4. The acquisition policies of this library are deeply influenced by the Japanese Government's colonial policy of Korean peninsula and her aggressive policy of Chinese Continent. 5. The major contribution of this library to the present Seoul National University Library is the transfer of 550,000 volumes of books and library building, but this building is now removed according to the transfer of Seoul National University Campus. 6. The staffing pattern of this library was, however, much ahead of that times. Especially, the facts that professional librarians were eligible to be appointed as the director of this library, and they had the faculty membership including faculty rank should be highly appreciated.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.37-84
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• 1981

Korean private colleges under the period of Japanese control was the kernel for the educational resistance, one of the save-the-nation movements because of inculcating in Koreans the spirit of independence and self-respect under that period. Posung College Library building, erected in Commemoration of the 30th Anniversary of the Foundation, especially, was the result of Koreans systematizing ability and iron will of independence for the future generations. In this paper, an attempt to study the Korean private college libraries under the period of Japanese control is provided. The main institutions in this study are Posung College library, Chosen Christian College library (Yunhee College Library), and Ewha College Library. This study will focus to review the followings: 1. The historical background of above mentioned libraries. 2. The educational resistance under that period. 3. The comparative and analytical study of these private college libraries and Keijo Imperial University library. 4. The facilities and the basic collection development plan on the basis of presentation. 5. library services including readers services. 6. The impact of these libraries on the present private university libraries. 7. The organization and staffing pattern, and budget of these private college libraries. The followings are the outlines conclusions: 1. Korean private college libraries had been established in order to perform the educational resistance. They are one of the supporting agencies for the research activities, among the most important means of social education, and provide, no doubt, the full nutriment for hungry soul under that period. 2. These libraries have not outstripped Keijo Imperial University in collection of books as well as man power, but their collection of books coincided, in general, with their curricula, and had feature to perform the save-the-nation-movement by education. 3. The library services were appeared in the forms such as the Circulation Library, Lectures on the Use of Books and Libraries, Library Week, and Training Course for the Librarians, etc. It is thought that these activities contributed to the social and cultural development of Korea indirectly. 4. The library administration of the private colleges depended upon the director of library because of the frequent changes of staffs and the simple functional system without its middle class. 5. The Japanese Government-General in Korea gave no financial assistance to the private colleges though they were in financial difficulties more than Keijo Imperial University. 6. The ambitious ideal for foundation of universities in reality as well as in name was not achieved during that period because of the monstrous obstacle so-called the Japanese Government-General in Korea, but its ideal had a desirable effect upon these college libraries development, in particular, before and after 1935.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.57-78
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• 2018

Objectives : The paper uses recitation test, one of the study and evaluation methods in the Korean Medical Classics, to provide a basis upon which thoughts can be given to the education of Korean Medicine, and furthermore the essence of education itself. Methods : 1. The paper reviewed how recitation tests were performed in Goryeo and Joseon. 2. The paper introduces the methods of applying recitation test to the education of the Korean Medical Classics and their results. The paper furthermore discussed possible improvements. 3. The paper pondered on the traditional aspects of the significances (principles) of recitation tests and their cognitive neuroscience aspects. Results : 1. The imperial examinations for medical officers during Goryeo and Joseon both performed recitation tests, and the subject of these tests were given more weight than other subjects. 2. Recitation test is a form of education that revolves around the learners. It requires a detailed plan of execution for it to be effective. 3. The significances (principles) of recitation test are reviewed from the aspect of cognitive neuroscience, and the deductions from the traditional aspects are made into "conceptual abstract, come to things & run out knowledge, and flash back." Conclusions : Recitation test was the humanity's way of conserving and conveying knowledge & wisdom from the times before the invention of letters. This method is the oldest education method of acquiring concepts that are generalized and made abstract through indirect experiences. This method is still effective today. In the education of the Korean Medical Classics, this method was used to supplement the public education method and create an education method that revolves around individual learner in a way that utilizes the strengths of education in apprenticeship.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.424-435
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze the geological terms used in the elementary school science curriculums from 1876 to present. We collected the data of geological terminologies based on what is being used in the revised 2007 national curriculum. In this study, data was divided into three periods according to political events, "The Modern Enlightenment Period (1876~1910)", "The Japanese Colonial Period (1910~1945)", and "The Current Curriculum Period (1945~present)". During the early modern enlightenment period, translated Chinese characters' terminologies by western scholars in Qing-China were used in science books. The late modern enlightenment period, we used many translated Japanese textbooks in schools, which naturally introduced the way that Japan's terminology is used. In the Japanese colonial period, Korean students had to study science subjects written in Japanese characters, so they had used Japanese terminologies of science. After the liberation of Korea from the Imperial Japan, there was an efforts to make new Korean terminologies of geology under the new current national curriculum. However, the terminologies used in Korean textbooks ended up using and borrowing the same way that the Japanese-Sino terms of science used later.