• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2012

This paper deals with the experimental results of the frequency-dependent resultant ground impedance of vertical ground electrodes installed with a regular n-polygon. In order to propose an effective method of installing the vertically-driven multiple ground electrodes used to obtain the low ground impedance, the resultant ground impedance of ground electrodes installed with a regular n-polygon were measured as functions of the number of ground electrodes and the frequency of test currents and the results were discussed based on the potential interferences among ground electrodes. As a consequence, the effect of potential interference on the resultant ground impedance of vertical ground electrodes is frequency-dependent and it is significant in the low frequency of a few hundreds [Hz]. The resultant ground impedance of multiple vertical ground electrodes is not decreased in linearly proportion to the number of ground electrodes due to the overlapped potential interferences. Also the distributed-parameter circuit model considering the potential interference, the frequency-dependent relative permittivity and resistivity of soil was proposed. The simulated results of the frequency-dependent resultant ground impedance of multiple vertical ground electrodes are in good agreement with the measured data.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.351-356
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• 2000

Impedance is an inherent property that represents the relation between the excitation and motion of a system. It is not only gives the frequency characteristics of the system but also help us to understand an interaction with the other systems. If the impedance to be described is not with respect to a point but to a certain area, modal impedance must be used. However, it is highly dependent on modal functions and it is needed to know all information on the modal impedance to understand the whole characteristics. In this paper, two new types of impedances are introduced: the first and second kinds of total impedances. Their definitions certainly convey the implication that their properties are similar to the conventional impedance. With some limit checks and the simulations of several simple systems, we found that they are useful to describe the frequency characteristics of systems.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2018

본 논문은 원형 단면 임피던스 튜브내에 고정된 미세천공 탄성판의 흡음을 해석적으로 구하는 방법을 다루었다. 판의 진동과 덕트 내부 음장을 모드 함수의 무한 급수의 합으로 전개하였는데 반경방향으로는 Bessel 함수를 포함한다. 평면파 가정하에서 저주파수 대역의 근사식을 판의 처음 몇 개의 모드만 고려하여 흡음율을 유도하였으며 등가 임피던스를 갖는 단일 표면의 형태로 제시하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 공식과 FEM(Finite Element Method)을 이용한 결과는 잘 일치 하였는데 탄성의 효과는 판의 고유진동수에 해당하는 골 또는 피크의 형태로 나타난다. 천공율이 매우 작으면 진동의 영향이 지배적이나 천공율이 어느 한계이상 되면 박판의 탄성거동은 매우 작게 나타나고 강체 MPP(Micro-Perforated Plate)의 흡음 특성이 지배적이 된다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 1991

본 연구에서는 말뚝 기초로 지지된 상부 구조물의 동적 해석을 하였다. 구조물 해석에는 반무한체 방법을 이용하였으며, 이 방법의 입력자료가 되는 임퍼 던스 함수를 구하는 방법과 각 방법으로 구한 상부구조물의 거동을 상호 비교해 보았다. 먼저 단말뚝에 대한 임피던스 함수를 Equivalent Cantilever 방법, Novak이 제안한 방법, Gazetas가 제안한 방법, Kuhlemeyer가 제안한 방법으로 구하였으며, 군 효과는 Novak에 의 해 제안된 방법, 군 효과 비(Group Efficiency Ratio, GER), Poulos가 제안한 정적영향계수를 이용한 방법, Kaynia 8E Kausel이 제안한 동적영향계수를 이용한 방법 등을 이용하였으며, 구조물의 상부 변위, 저 면에서의 전단력과 휨모우먼트에 대한 상호 비교를 하였다. 본 연구에서 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. 각 방법으로 구한 강성과 감쇠 값은 그 차이가 상당히 크게 나타났으며, Novak이 제안한 방법이 가장 작고, Kuhlemeyer가 제안한 방법이 가장 크게 나타났다. 또한,각 방법에 의한 군효과를 비교, 분석해 본 결과 강성효과는 비교적 유사한 결과를 보이나, 감쇠의 경우 군효과의 차이가 큼을 알 수 있었다. 2.말뚝의 설치로 인해 상부변위는 200A이상 감소하였으며,반면에 말뚝 설치로 인한 강성 증가 효과로 인해 저면에서의 전단력과 휭모우먼트는 크게는 2배 이상 커짐을 알 수 있으며, 공명 현상을 일으키는 frequency가 약 2배 이상 증가함을 알 수 있다. 3. 말뚝 시스템의 강성과 감쇠의 산정시 주파수 종속값과 독립간을 사용한 차이로 인한 상부변 위,저 면에서의 전단력,횝모우먼트의 변화는 비교적 적은 것으로 나타났다. 4. 지진가속도가 커짐에 따라 말뚝의 설치에 의한 상부변위 감소 효과가 더욱 커짐을 알 수 있다.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.293-310
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• 2024

This paper investigates the dynamic response of structures during earthquakes and provides a clear understanding of soil-structure interaction phenomena. It analyses various parameters, comprising ground shear wave velocity and structure properties. The effect of soil impedance function form on the structural response of the system through the use of springs and dashpots with two frequency cases: independent and dependent frequencies. The superstructure and the ground were modeled linearly. Using the substructure method, two different approaches are used in this study. The first is an analytical formulation based on the dynamic equilibrium of the soil-structure system modeled by an analog model with three degrees of freedom. The second is a numerical analysis generated with 2D finite element modeling using ABAQUS software. The superstructure is represented as a SDOF system in all the SSI models assessed. This analysis establishes the key parameters affecting the soil-structure interaction and their effects. The different results obtained from the analysis are compared for each studied case (frequency-independent and frequency-dependent impedance functions). The achieved results confirm the sensitivity of buildings to soil-structure interaction and highlight the various factors and effects, such as soil and structure properties, specifically the shear wave velocity, the height and mass of the structure. Excitation frequency, and the foundation anchoring height, also has a significant impact on the fundamental parameters and the response of the coupled system at the same time. On the other hand, it have been demonstrated that the impedance function forms play a critical role in the accurate evaluation of structural behavior during seismic excitation. As a result, the evaluation of SSI effects on structural response must take into account the dynamic properties of the structure and soil accordingly.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.240-244
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• 2013

In this paper, we present an improvement of a closed-form formula for mutual impedance computation. Depending on the center-to-center spacing between two rectangular microstrip patch antennas, the mutual impedance formula is separated into two parts. The formula based on synthetic asymptote and variable separation is utilized for spacings of more than 0.5 ${\lambda}_0$. When the spacing is less than 0.5 ${\lambda}_0$, an approximate formula is proposed to improve the computation for closely spaced elements. Simulation results are compared to computational results of mutual impedances and mutual coupling coefficients as functions of normalized center-to-center spacing in both E- and H-plane coupling configurations. A good agreement between simulation and computation is achieved.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.623-648
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• 2015

A numerical approach is presented for the analysis of the forced vibration of a rigid surface foundation with arbitrary shape. In the analysis, the foundation is discretized into a number of sub squaree-lements. The dynamic response within each sub-element is described by the Green's function, which is obtained by the Fourier-Bessel transform and Precise Integration Method (PIM). Incorporating the displacement boundary condition and force equilibrium of the foundation, it obtains a system of linear algebraic equation in terms of the contact forces within each sub-element. Solving the equation leads to the desired dynamic impedance functions of the foundation. Numerical results are obtained for foundation not only with simple geometrical configurations, such as rectangular and circular foundation, but also the case of irregularly shaped foundation. Several comparisons between the proposed approach and other methods are made. Very good agreement is reached. Also, parametric studies are carried out on the dynamic response of foundation. Addressed in this study are the effects of Poisson's ratio, material damping and contact condition of soil-foundation interface. Several conclusions are drawn the significance of the factors.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2006

In this paper, the distortion characteristics of an electrical pulse which has a rise/fall time due to the dispersion and the reflection, on nonuniform tapered microstrip lines has investigated in time domain. The transmission characteristics on uniform microstrip lines in time domain had represented already, but the results for the nonuniform tapered microstrip lines not represented yet. We investigated the transmission characteristics for pulse signal on the nonuniform tapered microstrip lines, and the result applied to design of wide band impedance matching circuit in design of MMIC. The voltage and current transfer functions are shown for the tapered line. The dispersion and distortion obtained by using these transfer functions are represented for the nonideal square pulse.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.869-873
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• 1994

Electrical properties of each interfacial layers on semiconducting ceramics have been analized and evaluated by complex impedance resonance method as functions of ambient temperatures and applied voltages. From the analytical results, it can be observed that the interfacial layers in a semiconducting ceramics vary individually with the ambient temperature and then this influence the total properties. Also, it has been confirmed that the applied voltage on semiconducting ceramics affect mainly the electrode interface, and thus the resistance and capacitance decrease due to the variation of potential barrier layers.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.1170-1176
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• 2007

The conventional urodynamic monitoring is fulfilled by artificially filling a bladder with saline. Generally. it is difficult to evaluate the physiological functions of the storage and voiding of a bladder. With this aim, we constructed an ambulatory urodynamic monitoring (AUM) system and proposed a novel method estimating abdominal pressure by measuring bio-impedance variations. Our system was clinically evaluated for 10 patients. It turned out to be that as the intensity of the abdomen contraction increased, the amplitude of bio-impedance signal and the RMS value of EMG increased more as compared to those who observed during the rest mode. Also, we determined the optimum electrode pair for estimating the abdominal pressure using bio-impedance method and consequently compared with the conventional methods. Because impedance changes differ from a weight, a height, contractile force, volume of muscle and blood other or whatever of individuals, it was quantified in terms of impedance change, correlation coefficient and SNR Our results showed the optimum electrode pair (1,9) which could detect impedance changes due to the increase of the intensity in the abdominal pressure. The correlation coefficient and quadratic function between the RMS values of EMG and the impedance changes were 0.87 and $y=0.0014x^2+0.0620x+0.6958$, respectively. Thus, our system demonstrated that the abdominal pressure could be measured noninvasively and conveniently by simply estimating bio-impedance values. We propose that this optimum electrode configuration would be useful for the future studies involving the handy measurements of abdominal pressure with our suggested ambulatory urodynamics monitoring system.