• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.154-158
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• 2012

It is generally known that electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is a powerful technique and its real-time application has been demanded for prompt observations on instantaneous electrochemical changes. Nevertheless, long measurement time and laborious analysis procedures have hindered development of it. Solving the problems, here I report of a new algorithm design for development of a real-time electrochemical impedance monitoring system, which potentially provides a guideline in developing monitoring systems of electric vehicles batteries and other electrochemical power plants. The significant progress in this report is employment of the parallel processing protocol which connects independent sub functions to successfully operate with avoiding mutual interruptions. Therefore, all the processes required to monitor electrochemical impedance changes in realtime are properly operated. To realize the conceptual scheme, a Labview program was coded with sub functions units which conduct their processes individually and only data are transferred between them through the parallel pipelines. Finally, measured impedance spectra and analysis results are displayed, which are synchronized according to the time of change.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.153-163
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• 2017

The underlying goal of the present paper is to investigate soil and structural uncertainties on impedance functions and structural response of soil-shallow foundation-structure (SSFS) system using Monte Carlo simulations. The impedance functions of a rigid massless circular foundation resting on the surface of a random soil layer underlain by a homogeneous half-space are obtained using 1-D wave propagation in cones with reflection and refraction occurring at the layer-basement interface and free surface. Firstly, two distribution functions (lognormal and gamma) were used to generate random numbers of soil parameters (layer's thickness and shear wave velocity) for both horizontal and rocking modes of vibration with coefficients of variation ranging between 5 and 20%, for each distribution and each parameter. Secondly, the influence of uncertainties of soil parameters (layer's thickness, and shear wave velocity), as well as structural parameters (height of the superstructure, and radius of the foundation) on the response of the coupled system using lognormal distribution was investigated. This study illustrated that uncertainties on soil and structure properties, especially shear wave velocity and thickness of the layer, height of the structure and the foundation radius significantly affect the impedance functions, and in same time the response of the coupled system.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.83 no.3
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• pp.377-386
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• 2022

This paper considers dynamic impedance functions and presents a detailed analysis of the soil plasticity influence on the pile-group foundation dynamic response. A three-dimensional finite element model is proposed, and a calculation method considering the time domain is detailed for the nonlinear dynamic impedance functions. The soil mass is modeled as continuum elastoplastic solid using the Mohr-Coulomb shear failure criterion. The piles are modeled as continuum solids and the slab as a structural plate-type element. Quiet boundaries are implemented to avoid wave reflection on the boundaries. The model and method of analysis are validated by comparison with those published on literature. Numerical results are presented in terms of horizontal and vertical nonlinear dynamic impedances as a function of the shear soil parameters (cohesion and internal friction angle), pile spacing ratio and frequencies of the dynamic signal.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.187-196
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• 2003

Effects of Airgap and anisotropy substrate on input impedance and radiation pattern of rectangular microstrip patch antenna are studied in terms of an integral equation formulation. The input impedance and radiation pattern of microstrip patch antenna is investigated by using Galerkin's moment method in solving the integral equation. Sinusoidal functions are selected as basis functions, which resemble in the actual standing wave on the Patch. From the numerical results, the variation of input impedance and radiation patterns in the variation of air gap thickness, anisotropy ratio of substrate, and relative permittivity of anisotropy substrate are presented.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.107-112
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• 2011

Multiple ground rods are commonly used to obtain the low ground impedance, but they will not reduce the ground impedance unless the spacings between the ground rods are sufficient. This paper presents the experimental results of frequency-dependent resultant ground impedance of two ground rods in parallel. The resultant ground impedance of two ground rods in parallel were measured as functions of the spacing and length of ground rods and the frequency of test currents and were discussed based on the potential interferences. As a consequence, the frequency-dependent ground impedance of single ground rod and two combined ground rods give capacitive. It was found that the effect of potential interference on the ground impedance is directly associated with the frequency-dependent ground impedance and is strong in low frequency. Also, in order to reduce the increasing rate of resultant ground impedance of two ground rods due to potential interference to within 10(%), two ground rods in parallel will be placed over one rod length apart.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.68-69
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• 2014

In the battery based applications such as electric vehicle and energy storage system, the performance of the system highly depends on the reliability of the battery. However, it is difficult to obtain the accurate information about the state-of-health (SOH) of battery during its operation. In this paper a 3kw battery charger with battery diagnosis function which can estimate the SOH of the battery by using online impedance spectroscopy technique is introduced. For the charger phase shift full bridge converter with synchronous rectification has been adopted to implement the charge and diagnosis functions. The impedance spectroscopy is performed after the charge to obtain the information about the internal impedance of the battery module, hence the SOH can be estimated online by observing the impedance variation of the battery over time. All the design procedure of the proposed charger is detailed and the feasibility of the system is verified by the experimental results.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.374-379
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• 2018

The piezocomposite transducer is widely used because it is highly efficient in transforming electric energy into mechanical energy, and its frequency range is broader than that of other types of ultrasound transducers. A general piezocomposite transducer is composed of an acoustic lens, impedance matching layers, piezoelectric materials, and backing layers. When an input voltage is applied to a piezoelectric material as an active material, it generates sound waves while vibrating. At that time, an impedance matching layer helps the sound waves to propagate forward while reducing the impedance mismatch that may occur at the interface between the active material and its front material. The impedance mismatch has a negative effect on the signal of an ultrasound transducer; thus, it is important to design a matching layer to overcome the issue. In this study, an optimized feature of a matching layer with gradient properties is studied. An objective function is defined to minimize both the average and the deviation of the reflection coefficients that are functions of the frequencies. As a result, an improvement in the signal characteristics with respect to the sensitivity and bandwidth is reported.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.88-91
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• 2019

Background: The intelligent tissue hypothesis on how acupuncture works, states that real-time organ states are reflected in the tissue at an organ's related acupuncture points (acupoints). Any such changes in the tissue would produce corresponding changes in the impedance at those locations. Methods: To test this hypothesis in relation to the lungs, the impedance at key lung-related acupoints was monitored in real time while the patient breathed normally, then breathed deeply, then quickly, then held his breath. Results: When breathing deeply this produced a notable decrease in the impedance at 1 acupoint, while breathing quickly produced a decrease at another acupoint, suggesting that these different functions taxed different aspects of the lungs, which was then reflected at different acupoints. The impedance at all the acupoints also contained low-amplitude waves that reflected the base rate of the respiration pacesetter, and the amplitude of these waves also varied to reflect different real-time states in the lungs. Conclusion: These real-time impedance patterns suggested that corresponding physical patterns were present in the tissue at these acupoints, and these physical patterns mirrored the real-time variations in function strength of the related organ (the lungs). These results were consistent with the hypothesis.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.453-458
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• 2009

This paper presents two methods of designing a Broadband Impedance Matching (BIM) circuit for maximizing a power line communication (PLC) equipment (or Modem) signal injection into its load at any power line connection port. This optimal (BIM) circuit design is achieved in two phases: Butterworth gain function and Tchebycheff gain function. According to the comparison of simulation and practical results, the performances of two gain functions on BIM are discussed.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.373-380
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• 2004

This paper presents the feasibility of an impedance-based damage detection technique using piezoelectric (PZT) transducers for civil infrastructures such as steel bridges. The impedance-based damage detection method is based on monitoring the changes in the electrical impedance. Those changes in the electrical impedance are due to the electro-mechanical coupling property of the piezoelectric material and structure. An effective integrated structural health monitoring system must include a statistical process of damage detection that is automated and real time assessment of damage in the structure. Once measured, damage sensitive features from this impedance change can be statistically quantified for various damage cases. The results of the experimental study on three kinds of structural members show that cracks or loosened bolts/nuts near the PZT sensors may be effectively detected by monitoring the shifts of the resonant frequencies. The root mean square (RMS) deviations of impedance functions between before and after damages were also considered as a damage indicator. The subsequent statistical methods using the impedance signature of the PZT sensors were investigated.