• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.147-153
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• 1995

The cultured mycelial cells of Ganoderma lucidum was extracted by alkali, and then neutralized by acid. The extract was passed through the column of DEAE cellulose for more purification. The neutral fraction was concentrated and precipitated with 95% ethanol. The precipitate was lyophilized and then PSG(polysaccharides) was obtained. PSG was composed of 82.2% polysaccharide, 0.7% protein and 17.1% uronic acid. Sugar conjugates of its hydrolysates were produced using with fluorescent compound(7-amino-1,3-naphthalene disulfonic aicd : 7-AGA), and then fluorescent labeled sugar conjugates were separated by reverse phase high perfomance liquid chromatography. Hydrolysates of PSG were composed of sixteen amino acids and 95.7% glucose, 2.7% xylose, 1.6% fucose and tract amount of galactose and mannose. The immunomodulating effects of PSG on macrophage were perfomed using murine macrophage cell line ATCC TIB 71 cells. PSG augumented the phagocytic activity of TIB 71 cells against fluorescent latex beads.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2005

Chlorophytum borivilianum Baker (Antharicaceae) commonly referred as 'Safed Musli' has been widely used in the Indian traditional systems of medicine to treat various diseases like rheumatism apart from having immunomodulating property and is used as general tonic. It is also known as 'Ayurvedic viagra' for its aphordisiac properties. C. borivilianum was screened for the first time to determine its antioxidant activity, isolation of the sapogenins and standardization of the isolated sapogenin fraction using HPTLC. Potent antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract was found by their ability to scavenge DPPH (84.51%), hydroxyl radical (48.95 %), ferryl bi-pyridyl complex (84.53%) along with the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (67.17%) at $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. The ethanolic extract also exhibited significant inhibition of superoxide anion radical generated by photochemiluminescence. Thus, the potent antioxidant activity validates the innumerable therapeutic claims of the plant in the traditional system especially its use as a Rasayana drug.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.258-267
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• 2019

본 연구는 한국인 건강한 성인에게서 12주간 동충하초 주정추출물의 섭취가 면역기능 증진 및 상기도감염 예방효과에 대해 확인하였다. 면역관련 지표인 NK-cell activity는 시험식품 섭취군이 플라세보군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하여 (p = 0.047) 면역증강 효과에 대해 확인하였다. 또한, 점막 면역에 주요 역할을 하는 항체 IgA 변화량은 시험식품 섭취군에서 플라세보군에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다 (p = 0.035). 본 연구대상자의 상기도감염(URI) 발생률은 시험식품 섭취군과 플라세보군, 두 군 간 유의한 차이는 관찰할 수 없었다. 안전성 평가인 진단검사의학 검사와 활력진후 결과에서도 섭취군 내 및 섭취군 간 의미 있는 변화 또는 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 본 연구에서 동충하초주정추출물의 섭취가 URI 발생률에 대한 유의한 변화는 관찰할 수는 없었으나 면역지표인 NK-cell 활성 증가와 혈청 IgA 농도 증가를 통해 선천성 면역과 후천성 면역을 증진시키는 작용이 있어, 잠재적인 상기도감염 예방 효과에 관련성 있을 것으로 사료되며, 항생제의 약물 의존도를 낮추며 삶의 질 개선 및 국민보건 향상에 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

Di-D-fructose-2,6':6,2'-dianhydride (DFA-IV) is a disaccharide consisting of two fructose residues that are prepared from levan by levan fructotransferase. Levan is a homopolysaccharide composed of D-fructofuranosyl residues joined by $\beta$-(2,6) and $\beta$-(2,1) linkages. We compared the immunomodulatory effects of levan with DFA-IV. Tumoricidal activity, phagocytosis and nitric oxide (NO) production were examined in levan- and DFA-IV-treated RAW264.7 cells. The NO production, tumoricidal and phagocytic activities were significantly increased in both treated cells. The results indicate that levan has significantly greater effects on tumoricidal activity than DFA-IV at low concentrations (1 ${\mu}g/mL$) and its effect on NO production shows a similar pattern. These results suggest that tumoricidal activity induced by both samples is mediated by NO production.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 1996

In order to research for compound of immunomodulatic and anti-allergic function. These experiments were conducted to investigated the effects of hot water extracts(PRWE) , ethanol extracts (PREE) and polysaccharide fraction extracts (PRPE) extracted from platycodi radix on immune response. The effect of these platycodi radix extracts on hemagglutinin titer(HA), hemalysin titer(HY), plaque forming cell(PFC), rosette forming cell (RFC) and phagocytosis was Investigated by using BALB / C mice. The results obtained from this study are as follows. Generally, the oral administration of extracts fractions for 10 days each other resulted in the enhanced HA and HY. In the experiment of PFC and RFC, the results of experimental groups which was given each samples compared to control group showed the enhanced level of activity such as PRPE 160% and 196% each other But PRWE and PREE decreased or wear not changed. When PREE, PRPE or PRWE was given to mice orally, PREE and PRPE significantly enhanced the phagocytic activity of peritoneal exudate cells(PEC), spleen cells(SC) and monolymphocytus cell(MC), about from 150% to 250%, but PRW was decreased.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2010

Methods: Intravenous administration of Platycodon grandiflorum was performed 2 days before tumor inoculation, then mice were killed 14 days after tumor inoculation, then number of tumor colonies were counted. Methanol extracts of Platycodon grandiflorum was added to colon26-M3.1 carcinoma cells, L5178Y-R lymphoma cells and Hela cells, and then cell growth was counted. To observe the immunomodulating effects of Platycodon grandiflorum, production of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and TNF-$\alpha$ were measured with ELISA assay and the cell growth of macrophage were also counted. Furthermore, antimetastatic experiment after depletion NK cells by injection of anti-asialo GM1 serum was also administered. Results: Intravenous administration of Platycodon grandiflorum significantly inhibited metastasis of colon26-M3.1 carcinoma cells. In an in vitro cytotoxicity analysis, Platycodon grandiflorum affected tumor cell growth above specific concentration. As compared with control, the production of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and TNF-$\alpha$ were incresed. And depletion NK cell completly abolished the inhibitory effect of metastasis. Conclusion: Platycodon grandiflorum appears to have considerable activity on immunomodulating effects and inhibit the metastasis of tumor. Further evaluation is needed for settling this.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.294-300
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• 2003

A polysaccharide fraction, AIP1, purified from Artemisia iwayomogi was shown to have immunomodulating and anti-tumor activities in mice. In order to determine how the AIP1 fraction exhibits the immunomodulating activity, the effect of the fraction on the apoptosis of mouse spleen cells was investigated. Treatment of the mouse spleen cells with the AIP1 fraction resulted ,in the suppression of apoptotic death and an extension of cell survival in culture, indicating that the fraction might modulate the death of spleen cells. Treatment of the mice with the AIP1 fraction in vivo also resulted in less apoptosis of the spleen cells, which indicates the physiological relevance of the anti-apoptosis effect of the fraction in vitro. A mouse gene array was used to determine the profile of the gene expression change showing a pattern of up- and down-regulated genes by the AIP1 treatment. This study provides preliminary information regarding the immunomodulatory mechanism of the AIP1 fraction.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.376-382
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• 1994

Repeated injections of low-doses of mercuric chloride in rats or mice induce polyclonal activation which includes the induction of anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies and circulating immune complex and it results in nephritis. Because this disease is autoimmune mediated disease resulted from immune dysfunction, immunomodulators are used to control the symptoms or to cure the disease. Irpex lacteus Fr. is a kind of new medicinal fungus. The polysaccharide fraction extracted from submerged fermentation of Irpex lacteus Fr. decreased the serum agglutinin, serolysin and IgM plaque forming cells in normal mice. The hitherto obtained clinical results suggested that it significantly improved the oligourea, edema, and hypertension in patients who have nephritis. To elucidate the action-mechanisms of Irpex lacteus Fr., we established the experimental model of HgCl$_2$induced polyclonal activation by intraperitoneal administrations of HgCl$_2$to mice. To assess the immunomodulating effect of Irpex lacteus fraction, we Investigated its effects on the mitogen induced proliferation and IgM PFC counts of splenic lymphocytes in mice during the treatment of HgCl$_2$. The Irpex lacteus polysaccharide reduced the abnormally increased mitogen induced Iymphocyte proliferation and IgM PFCs to almost normal levels. And the Irpex lacteus polysaccharides prevented the increasement of serum immunoglobulin level induced by HgCl$_2$. These data suggested that the Irpex lacteus polysaccharides might have the immunomodulating activity to prevent and /or improve the HgCl$_2$ induced autoimmune disease.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.626-632
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• 2000

Brazilin, an active principle of Caesalprenia sappan, was examined for its immunopotentiating effects in multiple low dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) induced type diabetic mice. Brazilin was intraperitoneally administered for 5 consecutive days to MLD-STZ induced type 1 diabetic mice. Delayed type hypersensitivity, Con A-induced proliferation of splenocytes and mixed lymphocyte reaction, which had been decreased in diabetic mice, were significantly recovered by the administration of brazilin. Brazilin increased IL-2 production without affecting suppressor cell activity. Con A-induced and IL-2-induced expression of high affinity IL-2 receptors were also enhanced by brazilin. These results indicate that brazilin augments cellular immune responses, which are suppressed in the MLD-STZ induced type I diabetic mice, by increasing IL-2 production and responsiveness of immune cells to IL-2.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1183-1188
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• 1998

This study was carried out to elucidate the immunomodulating activity of protein bound polysac charide extracted from Ganoderma lucidum(PSG). Macrophage drived reactive radicals were known as an effector for antimicrobial and anticancer functions. The promising immune response molecule, reactive oxygen intermediates(ROIs), was determined in TIB 71 cells with PSG at various experimental conditions. Treatment with 0.5mg PSG significantly increased the production of ROIs, superoxide anion as well as hydrogen peroxide, from TIB 71 cells(p<0.001). Under the same concentration, con siderable results were obtained from 24 hour cultivation with 106 cells at 5% CO2 incubator. The cells were trigged with PMA(5.3 M) after primed BCG(100 M) or IFN (100U) alone could not induce the production of ROIs, but it had a significant potentiating effect on ROIs secretion when the cells were treated with PSG.