• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 1986

Various TSH RIA kit components were prepared. Conditions for $^{125}I$ labelling of h-TSH were optimized by diminishing the amount of chloramine-T, ertending reaction time and lowering reaction temperature. Yield, specific activity, and immunological activity could be maintained moderately under such mild reaction conditions. The mixture of polyethyleneglycol(PEG) and second antibody worked effectively as a B/F separation agent. Even though the mixture was made with more diluted PEG and second antibody than those of using the sole component separately, the tine required for the B/F separation was shorter in case of using the mixture. The sequential saturation technique was efficient than those of applying ordinary equilibrium saturation technique in assay sensitivity and assay precision points of view.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.132-139
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• 1994

To investigate the effect of Korean mistletoe on stimulation of macrophage, the activity to induce interleukine-1(IL-1) and tumor necrosis factors-${\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha})$ from murine peritoneal macrophage by its extracts originated from oak was examined. From in vitro analysis of the cytokines using the culture supernatants of macrophages stimulated with its extracts for 1hr, it was found that Korean mistletoe induces IL-1 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ from murine macrophage. Furthermore, both extracts of Korean mistletoes that were extracted with distilled water and 2% acetic acid exhibited a significant activity to induce two cytokines. In the stimulation for 30 min, Korean mistletoe at concentration of $1{\sim}100\;\mu/ml$ showed a significant induction of IL-1 from macrophage until 24 hrs after stimulation, showing maximal activity on $5{\sim}10\;hrs\;at\;10{\sim}100\;\mu/ml$. On the other hand, $TNF-{\alpha}$ was induced on the early period, 2 hrs, after stimulation at a wide range of concentration, $1{\sim}500\;\mu/ml$. In addition, the fraction of Korean mistletoe from 80% saturated ammonium sulphate precipitation showed a significant activity to induce both cytokines from macrophage. The present study demonstrates that Korean mistletoe contains immunoregulatory factors responsible for stimulating murine macrophage to secrete IL-1 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ which play an important role in immune responses, and suggests that the activity of Korean mistletoe to induce two cytokines is functioned by a possible independent stimulation manner.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.141-152
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• 1979

Feline leukemia virus DNA polymerase was purified by ion-exchange and nucleic acid affinity chromatographies. The enzyme consists of a single polypeptide chain of approximately 72, 000 molecular weight as determined by both of a glycerol density gradient centrifugation and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The preferred divalent cation for DNA synthesis is $Mn^2+$ on a variety of template-primers, and its optimum concentration appears to be significantly lower than reported results of other mammalian type-C viral enzymes. The divalent cation requirement for maximum activity of RNase H is similar to those of DNA polymerase. Both DNA polymerase and RNase H activities appear to reside on the same molecule as demonstrated by the copurification of both activities through various purification steps. An additional RNase H without detectible polymerase activity was generated by a limited chymotrypsin digestion. This RNase H activity was inhibited equally effectively as RNase H in the intact reverse transcriptase by antisera prepared against reverse transcriptase of feline leukemia virus. Neutralization and binding test showed that antibody binding to reverse transcriptase molecule did not completely inhibit the polymerase activity.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 1999

Many factors may affect periodontal changes during the physiologic conditions of woman(e.g. puberty, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, menopause). Recently many research has focused on the immunological changes of host, but the exact mechanism is not clear. Collagen is a major constituent of periodontium, and collagenase specifically digests the collagen and plays a role in destruction of periodontal tissue. So, I suppose that it participates with the cytokines in the inflammation of gingiva and vascular response during the changes of female sex hormones. Because there are some evidences of the existence of the receptors of estrogen and progesterone in the gingiva, it may be a target tissue of female sex hormones. In this experiment, gingival fibroblast and periodontal ligament cell were cultured in the presence of various concentrations of estrogen or progesterone corresponding to the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Collagenase activity of the supernatant of culture media was determined by Spectrophotometric collagenase assay. The enzyme activity was calculated by the % decrease of the coated collagen. 1. The estrogen at both concentrations had no effect on the activity of collagenase of the gingival fibroblast. 2. The progesterone had some effect on the collagenase activity of the gingival fibroblast at low and high concentration of menstrual cycle, and elevated the enzyme activity at all range of pregnancy concentrations. 3. In periodontal ligament cells, estrogen elevated the enzyme activity at the early pregnancy concentration and progesterone elevated at the concentration just before menstruation. In this experiment, pregesterone elevated the collagenase activity of gingival fibroblast and periodontal ligament cells. But the mechanism of the up-regulation of the enzyme activity was not confirmed. The more experiments of direct effect of progesterone on gingival at the molecular level(e.g. northern blot analysis) can reveal the exact mechanism.

• BMB Reports
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.365-371
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• 1996

Partially reduced interferon-a ($IFN-{\alpha}$) was cross-linked with thymosin ${\alpha}1$ ($T{\alpha}1$) using sulfo-succinimidyl (4-iodoacetyl) amino benzoate (SIAB), a bifunctional cross-linking reagent. The partially reduced $IFN-{\alpha}$ optimal for the cross-linking reaction was obtained by incubating native $IFN-{\alpha}$ with 0.5 mM DTT at $30^{\circ}C$ for 60~100 min. $T{\alpha}1$ was activated by incubating with sulfo-SIAB at $37^{\circ}C$ for 30 min to produce $T{\alpha}1-IAB$. The $T{\alpha}1-IFN-{\alpha}$ cross-linking was achieved by the reaction of the partially reduced $IFN-{\alpha}$ with $T{\alpha}1-IAB$. This cross-linking was between the sulfhydryl group of Cys1 in $IFN-{\alpha}$ and the N-terminal amino group of $T{\alpha}1$ through acetyl amino benzoate as a spacer. The immunological activity of the cross-linked molecule showed the same extent as that of $T{\alpha}1$, and most of the antiviral activity was retained compared to that of the partially reduced $IFN-{\alpha}$.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.143-149
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to elucidate the anti-inflammatory activity of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) ethanolic extract fractions (CFEFs). Butanol fraction had the strongest antioxidant activity, and all CFEFs, except for chloroform fraction, partly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitrite production in RAW 264.7 cells. In the cell-free system, hexane and butanol fractions chemically quenched nitric oxide (NO). In addition, the iNOS mRNA transcription was suppressed by ethanol extract and hexane fraction in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Taken together, the inhibitory effect of CFEFs on NO production from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, might be due to both the chemical NO quenching activity and the suppression of iNOS mRNA transcription partially. The synthesis of prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) was potently inhibited by ethanol extract to below basal label, and the transcription of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme involving in $PGE_2$ synthesis, was partially suppressed by ethanol extract and hexane fraction. Based on these results, CFEFs may be useful as an alternative medicine for the relief and retardation of immunological inflammatory responses through the reduction of inflammatory mediators, including NO and $PGE_2$ production.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 1986

The present study was undertaken to evaluate rosette formation and NK activity of splenic lymphocytes in 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) treated mice. Mice were sensitized iv with 0.1ml of 1% sheep red blood cell (SRBC) suspension were treated with a single ip injection of olive oil alone or with different doses of MCA in oil at various time before or after sensitization, and were challenged at 4 days after SRBC. Rosette formation and NK activity of splenic lymphocytes were measured at 24 hours after challenge. Erythrocyte(E) rosette formation of splenic lymphocytes was significantly depressed in mouse treated with large dose of MCA (5~50mg) regardless of injecting time. But, there was no difference in the response between the treated with small dose of MCA (0.5mg). Whereas erythrocyte-antibody(EA) rosette or erythrocyte-antibody-complement(EAC) rosette forming cells were significantly depressed by MCA. Under small dose of MCA (0.5mg), any difference of NK activity was not observed in all course of injecting time. But, under large dose of MCA, the activity was markedly inhibited to about half the values seen in control and this suppression was transient, resulting that the normal level was reached again 19 days after MCA. These results, which conform with the predictions of immunosuppression hypothesis, suggest that MCA inhibits immunological responses including NK activity and thereby allows the outgrowth of antigenic neoplastic cells.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.108-115
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• 2015

Vinca alkaloid compounds including vincamine from Vinca minor L. have been extracted by ethanol and hot water extraction methods. Antimicrobial properties of those extracts have been investigated against dandruff causing microorganism Malassezia furfur, yeast, Gram positive and negative bacteria. Vincamine standard and ethanol extract showed no sign of antimicrobial activity, whereas hot-water extract had the activity against M. furfur. Furthermore hot water extract had antimicrobial activity against Gram positive Bacillus sp. and Gram negative Escherichia coli. Cytotoxic properties of those extracts have also been investigated with HaCaT cell (human keratinocyte), HT-29 cell (human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell) and Raw cell, showing no significant cytotoxic effects. We also measured the ROS using dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA), a popular fluorescence-based probe for reactive oxygen species detection. The result showed the increasement of reactive oxygen species formation (20%) in HaCaT and HT-29 cell lines.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.215-225
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• 2005

The effect of extracellular products (ECPs) prepared from highly virulent Edwardsiella tarda PoKF-000623 on the physiological and the immunological function in the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus was evaluated. The virulence of ECPs on the fish, 5.6 g of average body weight was detected $0.714{\mu}{g}$ g $fish^{-1}$ as $96hr-LD_{50}$ by intraperitonial injection. After intramuscularly injected with 0, 4 and $40{\mu}{g}$ ECPs TEX>$fish^{-1}$ to fish average sized 59.1 g of body weight, the fish were measured the glucose and total protein concentration in sera, and immune activity of kidney macrophage. The fish injected with $40{\mu}{g}$ protein $fish^{-1}$ showed a significant increase in the glucose and total protein concentration in sera. But, the fish were changed in cellular immune response as lowed chemiluminescence response and bactericidal activity of head kidney macrophage. These results were suggested that ECPs of E. tarda could be effect on the physiological and the immunological factors, especially in the function of kidney macrophage concerning to edwardsiellosis infection.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 2021

Euglena gracilis is a microalga of great biotechnological interest that can create high levels of bioactive compounds, such as tocopherol, paramylon, and folic acid. The objective of this study was to investigate the biological activities of extracts from E. gracilis, especially those focused on immunological activity. E. gracilis biomass was extracted with hot water (HWE) and the remaining pellet was continuously extracted with methanol (HWME). First, we examined the effect of two extracts from E. gracilis on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of pro-inflammation cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. HWE treatment dose-dependently increased the production of IL-1β and TNF-α. On the other hand, treatment with HWME significantly decreased the generation of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells. In addition, other biological activities of the extracts were further analyzed: α-glucosidase inhibition, protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP1B) inhibition, tyrosinase inhibition, xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. Analysis of these biological activities showed that HWE has more inhibitory effects than HWME against α-glucosidase, tyrosinase, and XO agents. However, the inhibition of PTP1B and ACE with HWME were higher than with HWE. Taken together, the results suggested that E. gracilis possesses various biological activities―especially immunological capabilities―through regulation of cytokine production. Therefore, E. gracilis extract may be potentially useful for food material with immune-regulating effects.