• Toxicological Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 1990

This study was undertaken to evaluate the immune responses to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) and potential anti-tumor effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in the mice bearing rumor induced by DMBA. The frequencies of tumor appearances were 62% in DMBA-treated mice and 14% in DMBA and BCG-treated group, respectively. Cellular immune response such as delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to SRBCs, natural killer (NK) cell activity and antigen-binding cell (ABC) assay were decreased apparently in the tumor bearing mice compared to the normal controls. Humoral immune responses such as hemagglutinin (HA) and hemolysin (HE) were noted to be reduced in the tumor bearing mice, but the spleen index increased in tumor bearing mice. All the immunological parameters in the DMBA and BCG-group appeared to be higher than those of only DMBA-treated group. These results indicated that DMBA-induced tumor suppressed host immune responses. Also, they imply the idea that BCG enhanced the immune responses of tumor-bearing host and antitumor effects.

• CELLMED
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.23.1-23.7
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• 2012

The healing properties of medicinal maggots (larval stage of Lucilia sericata) are widely used in the chirurgical debridement of non-healing wounds including diabetic foot ulcers, venous and pressure ulcers, where classical approaches have failed. Several kinds of wounds are prone to complications coming out of a specific wound bed environment. There are multi-resistant bacterial species present, their pathogenic impact is multiplied by their ability to form a biofilm. Moreover, immunological events in chronic wounds differ from those in acute wounds. Non-healing wounds are cycled in the early inflammation phase with increased levels of inflammation attributes like inflammation cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases produced by inflammation phase cells. Application of larval therapy promotes progress in the healing process to the next stages involving tissue granulation and re-epithelisation. Larval debridement is an effective method of cleaning the wound of cell debris, necrotic tissue and bacterial load. This happens in a mechanical and biological manner, but the whole complex mechanism of the maggot healing activity is still not fully elucidated. Centuries of clinical practice brings noticeable proof of the maggots' beneficial effect in wound healing management. This long history led to the investigation of the bioactive components of the larval body and its extracts in vitro. We introduce a review which describes the immunomodulation impact of maggot body components on the cellular and molecular levels of the wound healing process.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1219-1225
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• 2007

Immunological activities of Ginseng Radix water extract (GE) were compared with theirs of Insamhodo-tang water extract (IHT). GE and IHT (500 mg/kg) were administered p.o. twice a day for 5 days to C57BL/6 mice, respectively. IHT decreased the cell viability of murine thymocytes and splenocytes, but increased the population of $CD4^+$ cells in thymocytes, and the population of $Thy1^+$ cells and $CD4^+$ cells in splenocytes in contrast to GE. In addition, IHT decreased the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages, but increased the production of nitric oxide from peritoneal macrophages in contrast to GE. These results suggest that IHT decrease a specific- and nonspecific immune reaction in comparison with GE.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 1992

Thymic extract showed antitumor effect to sarcoma mice with higher dose$(200{\mu}g/mouse/day$ i.p., 4weeks) but not with low dose$(5{\mu}g/mouse/day$ i.p., 6 weeks). Direct cytotoxicities were exhibited against sarcoma 180, L1210 and MOLT-4 by MTT assay. The spleen weight of mice were increased but the number of circulating lymphocytes were not increased after long-term(2 weeks) administration of thymic extract. Evaluating the mitogenesis by MTT assay. $\%$ absorbance of human lymphocytes was not increased by thymic extract. Cell cycle statistics of S phase and $G_2/M$ phase was not increased in the presence of that by PI staining. The formation of rosette was induced, irrespectively of exposure time short-term(l hour) and long-term(2 weeks). The population of mouse blood T-cell to bind Lyt2-antimonoclonal antibody and to $L_2T_4$ were increased after administration of thymic extract$(2-200{\mu}g/mouse/day)$. From the above results, it is suggested that thymic extract exerts antitumor activity by stimulating T cells to differeniate in vivo but not in vitro.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.440-445
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• 2010

Effect of brine mineral water(BMW) on contact hypersensitivity reaction(CHR) was estimated using trimellitic anhydride (TMA) induced CHR in the mouse. BMW exhibited potent inhibitory activity on TMA induced CHR. BMW treatment suppressed the ear swelling, and attenuated hyper-activated lymph nodes stimulated by TMA challenge, thereby reduced their weight. The immunological index was analyzed after BMW administration in CHR. The level of serum IgE was significantly down regulated after BMW treatment. Furthermore, BMW showed inhibitory property of cytokine production. BMW treatment suppressed not only Th2 type cytokine, IL-4 but also pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6. From the histological analysis, the inflammatory context appeared by atopic dermatitis lesion after challenging with TMA are diminished by BMW treatment. Our results suggest that BMW may attenuate the development of CHR, and can be available for functional ingredient.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.61-69
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• 2009

Objectives : This experiment was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects against lung metastasis and promotion of splenocytes by water-soluble components from five mushrooms extracts (WEFM): Garnoderma frondosa, Corious versicolor, Codyceps militaris, Hericium erinaceus and Lentinula edodes. Methods : Colon 26-L5 carcinoma cells were injected through the tail vein to induce lung metastatic cancer. Changes in weight of lung were observed and cytokine level was analyzed to evaluate immunological changes. Results : Oral administration of WEFM resulted in a significant inhibition of lung metastasis after intravenous injection of colon 26-L5 cells in a dose-dependent manner. There was also a significant increase in T cell and B cell mitogenic stimuli and production of IFN-g by splenocytes stimulated with Con A compared to untreated controls. Conclusion : WEFM may have anti-tumor activities via Th1-type dominant immune responses.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.408-412
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• 2004

For the evaluation of immunomodulatory effect of Korean Oldenlandiae Herb (OH) and Radix (OR), our experiment was performed with methanol extracts of Korean Oldenlandiae Herba and Radix. After administration of methanol extracts of Korean OH and OR for 7 days, Balb/C mice were immunized with sheep red blood cells. Four days later, splenic leukocytes were isolated and immunological experiments were performed. Rosette forming cells and plaque forming cells were significantly increased in Korean OH and OR treated mice compared with PBS treated control. Korean OH and OR also enhanced T and B lymphocytes, macrophage and natural killer cells by flowcytometric analysis. LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 levels were increased by OH and OR compared with untreated control. These results suggest that Korean OH and OR have immunomodulatory activity through regulation of cell-mediated immune and humoral immune response.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.219-232
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• 1998

Paljintanggagmbang has been used for cure of tumor as a traditional medicine without any experimental evidence to support the rational basis for its clinical use. This study was carried out to evaluate. the possible therapeutic or antitumoral effects of Paljintanggagmbang extract against tumor, and to carry out some mechanisms responsible for its effect. Experimental studis were performed for measurement of Humoral and Cellular Immune Response and Phagocytosis in Mice treated with mitomytion C(MMC) and Paljintanggagmbang alone and combination. The results obtained in this study were as follows 1. The adminstration of Paljintanggagmbang extract decresed size of tumors cell which MCA induced. 2. The adminstration of Paljintanggagmbang extract decresed growth of the tumors which S 180 transplant. 3. The adminstration of Paljintanggagmbang extract decresed reproduction of A549, Hep3b, 3LL cell and S 180 in vivo. 4. The adminstration of Paljintanggagmbang extract incresed activity of the NK cell. These results also suggested that effect of Paljintanggagmbang might be chiefly due to nonspecific enhancement of Humoral and Cellular Immune Response and Phagocytosis in Mice treated with MMC and Paljintanggagmbang alone and combination.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.347-352
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• 2002

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-rheumatoidal arthritis effect of the R. verniciflua heartwood extract, its EtOAc fraction, and its primary flavonoids, sulfuretin and fustin. All test samples showed variably significant inhibitory effects on hind paw edema and trypsin inhibitor activity induced by Freund's complete adjuvant reagent (FCA reagent), and on vascular permeability caused by acetic acid. Treatment with 10 mg/kg (i.p.) sulfuretin for seven days inhibited edema formation by 54.2$\pm$3.0%. Test samples, especially sulfuretin, shifted the values of biochemical parameters such as serum-cholesterol, serum-triglyceride and serum-total protein toward the normal and restored the numbers of leucocytes and platelets. These results suggest that the heartwood of R. verniciflua reduces immunological injuries caused by FCA reagent provides evidence that suluretin is an active anti-rheumatoid arthritis agent.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3659-3665
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• 2014

To assess inhibition mechanisms of a Phellinus igniarius (PI) extract on cancer, C57BL/6 mice were orally treated with PI extractive after or before implanting H22 (hepatocellular carcinoma ) or B16 (melanoma) cells. Mice were orally gavaged with different doses of PI for 36 days 24h after introduction of H22 or B16 cells. Mice in another group were orally treated as above daily for 42 days and implanted with H22 cells on day 7. Then the T lymphocyte, antibody, cytokine, LAK, NK cell activity in spleen, tumor cell apoptosis status and tumor inhibition in related organs, as well as the expression of iNOS and PCNA in tumor tissue were examined. The PI extract could improve animal immunity as well as inhibit cancer cell growth and metastasis with a dose-response relationship. Notably, PI's regulation with the two kinds of tumor appeared to occur in different ways, since the antibody profile and tumor metastasis demonstrated variation between animals implanted with hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma cells.