• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1584-1591
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• 2000

Objective : Until now, it has been little known about the biological mechanisms associated with the genesis, growth, and rupture of intracranial aneurysm. This study was performed to investigate and understand a part of these mechanisms. Materials and Methods : Immunohistochemical stains for angiogenesis growth factors(basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)) and selected vascular wall matrix proteins(alpha smooth muscle actin(${\alpha}SMA$) and collagen Type IV) were performed in fixed sections from a normal circle of Willis artery which was taken from the autopsy specimen as a control vessel and 17 aneurysmal wall specimens which was taken during surgical clipping of aneurysms. The staining intensity and distribution of immunoreactivity to angiogenesis growth factors and selected wall matrix proteins in control vessel and aneurysmal wall were examined and compared with each other. The difference of staining intensity according to the size of aneurysm was also investigated. Results : There was no immunoreactivity to bFGF and VEGF in the control vessel. bFGF immunoreactivity was exhibited in 15 of 17 aneurysm specimens around smooth muscle cells within the media of aneurysm. VEGF immunoreactivity was also exhibited in all aneurysm specimens in patches or diffusely affecting all layers of the aneurysmal wall. The degrees of intensity of bFGF and VEGF immunoexpression were proportionate roughly to the size of aneurysm. Strong immunoexpression of both factors were noticed in large aneurysm. A regularly arranged and defined band of immunoreactivity of ${\alpha}SMA$ was noticed in the media of the control vessel, whereas diffuse, faint, irregularly arranged ${\alpha}SMA$ was noticed in the aneurysmal wall. A regularly defined band of collagen Type IV immunoreactivity was also noticed in the subendothelium of the control vessel, whereas diffuse disorganized immunoreactivity of collagen Type IV was noticed in the entire wall of the aneurysm. Conclusion : These results indicate substantial evidences of abnormal expression of angiogenesis factors and changes of selected vascular wall matrix proteins in the wall of intracranial aneurysm. The unbalanced changes of angiogenesis factors and vascular wall matrix proteins in the wall of aneurysm may be one of the biological mechanisms for the growth and rupture of aneurysm.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2010

Background: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing Class III epitope of CD34 are essential for flow cytometric diagnosis of leukemia. Methods: 27H2 mAb was developed from a mouse alternatively immunized with human acute leukemia cell lines, KG1 and Molm-1. Using flow cytometric analysis of various leukemic cell lines and peripheral blood, immunohistochemical study of frozen tonsil, we characterized 27H2 mAb. Antigen immunoprecipitated with 27H2 mAb immunobloted with anti-CD34 mAb. A case of bone marrow sample of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patient was obtained at CBNU Hospital. For epitope identification enzyme treatment with neuraminidase and O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase (OSGE) and blocking assay with known classIII mAb (HPCA-2) were done. Results: Only KG1 and Molm-1 revealed positive immunoreactivity. Immunohistochemical staining disclosed strong membranous immunoreactivity on high endothelial venules. Antigen immunoprecipitated by 27H2 mAb showed approximately 100 kDa sized band immunoblotted with anti-CD34 under non-reducing conditions. Epitope recognized by 27H2 mAb disclosed resistancy to both neuraminidase and OSGE treatment and completely blocked with known class III mAb preincubation. CD34 positive leukemic cells in BM of pre B cell ALL patient detected by FITC-conjugated 27H2 and HPCA-2 were identified with similar sensitivity. Conclusion: A novel murine mAb recognizing class III epitope of human CD34 with high affinity, which is useful for flow cytometric diagnosis of leukemia, was developed.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.146-150
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• 2005

Background and Objectives: When the pleomorphic adenoma(PA) recures, the tumor tends to become a multinodular mass that infiltrates into the normal tissue which is not a common condition for a benign tumor. This manifestation is probably due to the difference in cell biology of the recurrent tumor compared to that of the primary PA. The aim of this study is to assay the immunhistochemical characteristics of the recurrent PA compared to the primary PA and to evaluate whether this property can be used for developing a method that can select the patients who have higher risk to recur. Materials and Methods: Thirteen patients were enrolled in the primary PA group and 15 patients who had a recurrent PA were enrolled in the recurrent PA group. To evaluate the cell biology of the tumor, immunohistochemical stainings of Ki-67, bcl-2 and p53 were performed. Results: There was no difference in the expression of Ki-67 (p=0.117, p=.208) and p53 (p=.430, p=.328). The extent stained by bcl-2 was significantly larger in the recurrent PA group (p=.033, p=.014). The expression of bcl-2 did not increase while time passed. Conclusion: The high expression of bcl-2 seems to be a property of the recurrent PA group which can be found even during first operation before recurrence. By this immunhistochemical characteristic, we would be able to sort out the patients who have higher risk to recur.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2006

Objective: In order to elucidate the retrogressive degeneration of orofacial cleft, the fissured tissues of prenatal and postnatal cleft lip and palate were examined by histological and immunohistochemical methods. Design: Totally 42 cases of prenatal (n=17) and postnatal (n=25) cleft lip and/or palate were examined in comparison with 10 cases of normal lip and oral mucosa using immunohistochemical stainings of MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-10, cathepsin G, PCNA, E-cadherin, TGase 2, HSP-70, vWF, and VEGF. Main Outcome Measures: In the fissured tissue the sebaceous glands were strongly positive for PCNA and grew into the underlying fibromuscular tissue (24/42). Some hyperplastic sebaceous glands of prenatal cleft lip produced infundibular follicular cyst (9/17). The skin and mucosal epithelia from the postnatal cleft lip and palate (10/25) showed severe basal hyperplasia (11/25) and melanocyte infiltration (7/25). Results: The immunostaining of MMP-3 and HSP-70 were strongly positive in the hyperplastic sebaceous glands and nearby atrophying muscle bundles of the fissured tissue, while MMP-9, MMP-10, and cathepsin G were almost negative. The immunoreactions of the other antibodies used in this study were similar between in the fissured tissues and in the normal controls. Conclusions: These data suggest that the over-expression of MMP-3 is closely related to the sebaceous gland hyperplasia, epithelial dysplasia, and the muscle degeneration, and that the over-expression of MMP-3 in the fissured tissue may continuously aggravate the cleft condition in the later life.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.51-72
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshungi-san) and Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture on pain reduction and nerve regeneration after crush injury in rat sciatic nerve. Methods : Animal model was produced through crush injury of right sciatic nerve and they were divided into four groups; Group I: no treatment control group; Group II: experimental group treated with Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshungi-san); Group III: experimental group treated with Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture; Group IV: experimental group treated with Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshungi-san) and Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture. For the assessment of pain, this study was observed the paw withdrawal latency(PWL) and immunoreactivity on the substance-P. For the assessment of nerve regeneration, the sciatic functional index(SFI) and immunoreactivity on the BDNF were measured. Results : 1. In the assessment of pain, the PWL of experimental groups was significantly higher than control group and group IV was significantly higher than other groups at the all days. 2. In immunohistochemical response of substance-P, as time passes, the immunoreactivity of all groups were decreased gradully. Especially, group IV had the lowest immunoreactivity. 3. In the assessment of SFI, the SFI of experimental groups were significantly higher than control group. 4. In immunohistochemical response of BDNF, the BDNF immunoreactivity of all groups was significantly higher than control group and especially, group IV had the highest immunoreactivity at the 14 days after injury. 5. H & E stain was used on the liver and kidney to investigate toxic effect of Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture and Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshungi-san) on on 21 days after injury. However there were no any toxic effects both control group and experimental groups. Conclusions : On the basis of these results, we propose that Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshungi-san) and Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture were related to pain reduction and motor nerve recovery, also decreased substance-P expression and increased BDNF expression after crush injury of sciatic nerve, especially these two treatments could be more effective when they were combined simultaneously.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.158-165
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• 2012

Purpose: Recent interest has focused on intentional replantation to restore an original tooth. Some studies have shown successful results with intentional replantation for periodontally involved teeth. For long-term success of replantation, a healthy periodontal status of the recipient site is required so that delayed replantation is more suitable for periodontally involved teeth. To reveal the ideal timing for delayed replantation of periodontally involved teeth, the healing process of extraction sockets after extraction of periodontitis-induced teeth in rats was evaluated. Methods: Twenty-eight rats were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (n=8) and test group (n=20). In the test group, periodontitis was induced by a ligature around the cervix of the mandibular first molar of all of the rats. Two weeks later, the mandibular first molars were extracted in all of the animals. The animals were sacrificed on days 0, 3, 7, and 10 after extraction and histological and immunohistochemical analysis was performed. Results: In histological analysis of the test group, inflammatory cell infiltrate was found abundantly in the remaining periodontium 3 days after tooth extraction and decreased gradually at later time points. In immunohistochemical analysis of the test group, both interleukin-6 (IL-6) and, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) were numerous in the furcation area at each postextraction day. IL-6 was stained more heavily between 3 and 7 days after extraction; at day 10 after extraction, little staining was observed. TNF-${\alpha}$ staining was more intense at 3 days after extraction and gradually weakened at later points in time. Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, it takes at least 10 days to resolve periodontal inflammation in rat extraction sockets.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2007

배경 및 목적: 인체암에서 C-erbB-2의 과발현에 대한 광범위한 연구가 시행되고 있지만, 임상적 의의에 대해서는 논란의 대상이 되고 있다. 악성종양에서 신생혈관형성은 암의 진행에 필수적인 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 비소세포 폐암에서 C-erbB-2의 과발현의 의미, 암조직의 신생혈관형성에 중요한 역할을 하는 VEGF의 발현 및 두 표지자의 연관성을 연구하였다. 방 법: 파라핀 포매된 95예의 비소세포 폐암조직을 이용하여 avidin-biotin complex 법에 의한 면역조직화학적 염색을 시행하였으며, 연구재료는 원발성 편평세포암종 60예 그리고 원발성 선암종 35예를 대상으로 하였다. 결 과: 비소세포 폐암에서 선암종의 C-erbB-2의 과발현은 편평세포암종보다 의미 있게 높게 나타났다. 임상병기에 따른 C-erbB-2와 VEGF의 과발현은 진행암에서 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으나, 초기암과의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 선암종에서 C-erbB-2와 VEGF의 발현은 유의하게 상관성을 나타내었다. 결 론: 비소세포 폐암에서 C-erbB-2의 과발현은 암의 유형에 따라 다르다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, C-erbB-2의 과발현이 높게 나타나는 선암종에서는 이 성적과 암세포의 VEGF의 발현이 상관성을 나타낸다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2010

Objective: Abnormalities of the bone are frequently encountered in patients with meningioma, and hyperostosis and endostosis are common bone alterations in these tumors. Extensive bony destruction is very unusual in patients with meningioma. We report six cases of intracranial meningioma associated with an osteolytic lesion of the skull and discuss the underlying mechanisms that may be responsible for bone destruction in patients with meningioma. Methods: Six patients were classified into three groups, severe, moderate and mild, according to the degree of osteolytic bony destruction. The tumor was classified as intracranial or extracranial, depending on its location. We investigated the potential role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in meningioma-associated osteolysis. The levels of MMP expression were determined by gelatin zymography, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analysis. Results: Complete surgical removal of the lesion was performed in each patient. Histological examination revealed benign meningioma in four cases, and two cases of atypical meningioma. Patients did not have a poor prognosis except one case of recurred atypical meningioma. Gelatin zymography and RT-PCR detected high levels of MMP-2 in almost all extracranial masses in comparison with the intracranial masses and MMP9 in two. There was no difference in the severity of bone destruction. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed MMP-2 expression in the vicinity of the bone destruction, and a few MMP-9-positive stainings were observed. Conclusion: Osteolysis of the skull in patients with meningiomas might not be indicative of malignant pathological features and poor prognosis. Invasion to the extracranial portion and osteolysis might be associated with MMP-2 expression in meningioma.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Melandrii Herba (MH), Akebia Quinata Decaisne (AQ), and Tetrapanax Papyriferus (TP) on milk secretion and aquaporin (AQP) expression in lactating mice. Methods: For the experiment, the mice were divided into three groups, which were orally administered MH (2,720 mg/kg), TP (400 mg/kg) and AQ (2,800 mg/kg) extracts respectively for 3 weeks from Day 1 after the birth, compared with the control group (C group), which was administered distilled water. A group consisted of six infantile mice per postpartum mouse. For comparison with the C group, non-pregnant SKH-1 mice were used as the virgin group. Results: 1. When it comes to the immunohistochemical staining for prolactin receptors in the mammary glands, the AQ and MH groups showed a strong immune response to the secretory epithelial cells constituting the mammary alveoli, while the TP group represented a weaker immune response. 2. In the immunohistochemical staining for AQP in the mammary glands, AQP1 showed a strong immune response in the walls of capillaries and venules around the mammary alveoli, and AQP3 in the epithelial cells constituting the mammary alveoli, and AQP5 in some tissues between the mammary alveoli. AQP1 was expressed in the order of TP group>AQ group=C group>MH group, and AQP3 was MH group and AQ group>TP group=C group, and AQP5 was MH group>C group>AQ group and TP group. 3. In the Western blot, AQP1 was expressed in the order of TP group>AQ group>C group>MH group, and AQP3 was MH group>AQ group>C group>TP roup, and AQP5 was MH group>TP Group>C group>AQ group. All of AQP1, 3, 5 expression were significantly higher in the C group than in the Virgin group. Conclusions: The administration of Akebia Quinata Decaisne, Tetrapanax Papyriferus and Melandrii Herba have the effect of improving prolactin levels in postpartum mice and increasing the expression of prolactin receptor and AQPs in the mammary glands, suggesting that lactation might be enhanced by the development of the mammary glands.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2001

부란 1일부터 부화직후까지의 닭 태자 췌장에서 serotonin 면역반응세포들의 부위별 분포 및 상대적 빈도를 면역조직화학적 방법으로 검색하였다. 췌장은 해부학적으로 배쪽, 등쪽, 제 3엽 및 비장엽의 4개엽으로 구분하였으며, 각 엽은 조직학적으로 외분비 부분, light 및 dark 췌장섬의 3부분으로 세분하였다. 이들의 각 발생단계에 따른 닭 췌장에서 serotonin 면역반응세포들의 분포 및 빈도는 췌장의 엽, 조직학적 부위 및 발생단계에 따라서 매우 다양하게 관찰되었으나, 대체로 원형 또는 난원형의 형태로 모든 엽에서 관찰되었다. 외분비 부분에서 serotonin 면역반응세포들은 비장엽의 경우 부란 13일과 14일에서만 국한되어 관찰되었고, 제 3엽에서는 부란 10일부터 부란 19일 동안 관찰되었다. 또한 배쪽엽에서는 부란 10일부터 부화 직후까지 관찰되었으며, 등쪽엽에서는 부란 11일부터 부화 직후까지 관찰되었다. 췌장섬에서 이들 면역반응세포는 비장엽의 dark 췌장섬에서만 부란 15일과 부란 16일에 국한되어 극소수 관찰되었고 다른 엽 또는 light 췌장섬에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 결론적으로 serotonin 면역반응세포들은 부란 발생 초기에는 다수 관찰된 이후 발생단계에 따라 점차적으로 감소되며 이런 양상은 엽의 종류에 관계없이 나타나는 것으로 관찰되었다.