• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.170-177
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• 2005

Oriental medicinal herb extracts (OHE) showing anticancer activities were investigated for effectiveness as antiviral drugs. Infection of MuLV to cell line resulted in formation of giant syncytia. Number of giant syncytia in culture treated with OHE decreased by 40% compared to that of non-OHE-treated cell culture. To determine OHE effects on progeny release, RT-PCR was performed. In vivo animal studies demonstrated effectiveness of OHE as antiviral drug when administered orally. After OHE administration, viral cytopathic effects decreased. Infected mice showed splenomegaly and over-proliferation of lymphocytes with decreased CD4+ cell counts. These symptoms decreased in OHE-treated mice, indicating OHE maybe useful therapeutics against MuLV/MAIDS as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/AIDS animal model. Results show XC plaque assay and in vivo MAIDS model using MuLV are suitable tools for screening anti-retroviral drug candidates.

• BMB Reports
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.718-727
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• 2019

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a group of inherited disorders characterized by compromised T lymphocyte differentiation related to abnormal development of other lymphocytes [i.e., B and/or natural killer (NK) cells], leading to death early in life unless treated immediately with hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Functional NK cells may impact engraftment success of life-saving procedures such as bone marrow transplantation in human SCID patients. Therefore, in animal models, a T cell-/B cell-/NK cell+ environment provides a valuable tool for understanding the function of the innate immune system and for developing targeted NK therapies against human immune diseases. In this review, we focus on underlying mechanisms of human SCID, recent progress in the development of SCID animal models, and utilization of SCID pig model in biomedical sciences. Numerous physiologies in pig are comparable to those in human such as immune system, X-linked heritability, typical T-B+NK- cellular phenotype, and anatomy. Due to analogous features of pig to those of human, studies have found that immunodeficient pig is the most appropriate model for human SCID.

• BMB Reports
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• 제52권11호
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• pp.625-634
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• 2019

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a group of inherited disorders characterized by compromised T lymphocyte differentiation related to abnormal development of other lymphocytes [i.e., B and/or natural killer (NK) cells], leading to death early in life unless treated immediately with hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Functional NK cells may impact engraftment success of life-saving procedures such as bone marrow transplantation in human SCID patients. Therefore, in animal models, a T cell-/B cell-/NK cell＋ environment provides a valuable tool for understanding the function of the innate immune system and for developing targeted NK therapies against human immune diseases. In this review, we focus on underlying mechanisms of human SCID, recent progress in the development of SCID animal models, and utilization of SCID pig model in biomedical sciences. Numerous physiologies in pig are comparable to those in human such as immune system, X-linked heritability, typical T-B＋NK- cellular phenotype, and anatomy. Due to analogous features of pig to those of human, studies have found that immunodeficient pig is the most appropriate model for human SCID.

• 한국잠사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국잠사학회 2005년도 제48회 춘계 학술연구 발표회
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• pp.15-15
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• 2005

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2023

The pathological hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a synovial pannus that comprises proliferating and invasive fibroblast-like synoviocytes, infiltrating inflammatory cells, and an associated neoangiogenic response. Animal models have been established to study these pathological features of human RA. Spontaneous and induced animal models of RA primarily reflect inflammatory aspects of the disease. Among various induced animal models, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) models are widely used to study the pathogenesis of RA. Improved transplantation techniques for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse models of RA can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of potential therapeutics in human tissues and cells. This review provides basic information on various animal models of RA, including CIA and CAIA. In addition, we describe a SCID mouse coimplantation model that can measure the long-distance migration of human RA synoviocytes and cartilage destruction induced by these cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7057-7063
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• 2013

The discovery of the immunodeficient mice has provided a tool for establishing animal models as hosts for in vivo analysis of AML. Various model systems have been established in the last few decades, and it is essential that murine AML models are developed to exploit more specific, targeted therapeutics. In this review, we concentrate on the models of AML and discuss the development of immunodeficiency models for understanding of leukemogenesis, describe those now available and their values and document the methods used for establishing and identifying AML mice models, as well as factors influencing engraftment of human AML in immunodeficient mice. Thus, the function of this article is to provide clinicians and experimentalists with a chronological, comprehensive appraisal of all AML model systems.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.166-175
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• 2018

Recombination activating gene-2 (RAG-2) plays a crucial role in the development of lymphocytes by mediating recombination of T cell receptors and immunoglobulins, and loss of RAG-2 causes severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) in humans. Rag-2 knockout mice created using homologous recombination in ES cells have served as a valuable immunodeficient platform, but concerns have persisted on the specificity of Rag-2-related phenotypes in these animals due to the limitations associated with the genome engineering method used. To precisely investigate the function of Rag-2, we recently established a new Rag-2 knockout FVB mouse line ($Rag-2^{-/-}$) manifesting lymphopenia by employing a CRISPR/Cas9 system at Center for Mouse Models of Human Disease. In this study, we further characterized their phenotypes focusing on histopathological analysis of lymphoid organs. $Rag-2^{-/-}$ mice showed no abnormality in development compared to their WT littermates for 26 weeks. At necropsy, gross examination revealed significantly smaller spleens and thymuses in $Rag-2^{-/-}$ mice, while histopathological investigation revealed hypoplastic white pulps with intact red pulps in the spleen, severe atrophy of the thymic cortex and disappearance of follicles in lymph nodes. However, no perceivable change was observed in the bone marrow. Moreover, our analyses showed a specific reduction of lymphocytes with a complete loss of mature T cells and B cells in the lymphoid organs, while natural killer cells and splenic megakaryocytes were increased in $Rag-2^{-/-}$ mice. These findings indicate that our $Rag-2^{-/-}$ mice show systemic lymphopenia with the relevant histopathological changes in the lymphoid organs, suggesting them as an improved Rag-2-related immunodeficient model.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.66-72
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• 1997

The term of apoptosis, programmed cell death, was firstly coined to distinguish with necrosis, pathologic cell death, by Kerr in 1972. Although various pathogenic factors are able to occur apoptosis, ti is essential process for normal development and physiology in the animals. Recently in the field of medicine, apoptosis researeh is especially focused in serveral Kind of pathopoiesis problems including cancer, immunodeficiency associated HIV and other virus, autommunity, alzheimer and congenital anormality. The information obtained from the animal model system for apoptosis should be directly applicable to both life science for understanding of development and medicine for practical the rapy. To know the common mechanism of apoptosis, it is prerequisite that the genes and factors responsible for apoptosis should be defined and characterized on the molecular level. The study of apoptosis should contribute largely to biology inculuding cell physiology and development, and both basic and clinical medicine to understand cause of diseases for therapy as well as congenital defect.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.168-177
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• 2023

Recently, as a health problem of the elderly in an aging society, the risk of nutritional imbalance and weakening of immunity due to deterioration of masticatory function has been mentioned. In order to solve this problem, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of cyclophosphamide (CPA)-induced immunosuppression in mice induced by fermented samultang (FST) porridge on the markers related to immune activity function. ICR Mouse was divided into 6 groups of 7 animals each. Experimental groups were set as normal control group, CPA-administration group, positive control group, and FST-administration experimental group (0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%). In groups except for the normal control group, 100 µL of CPA dissolved in 0.9% NaCl at a concentration of 150 mg/kg was injected twice at the start of the experiment and after 3 days to induce immunosuppression. As a result of analyzing the cell proliferation capacity of splenocytes, all B and T cells decreased in the CPA-administered group and increased in a concentration-dependent manner in the FST-administered group. In addition, IgA measured to evaluate the effect of improving immunity showed high values in medium and high concentration FST (P<0.05). These results can be expected as an effective solution to improve the nutritional imbalance of the elderly.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 영장류에서 감염성 면역결핍 증상을 일으키는 type D simian retrovirus (SRV)를 검출하기 위해 SRV env 유전자의 특정 지역을 선정하여 증폭, 검색하는 중합효소 연쇄반응 (PCR)법을 개발하였다. 증폭반응의 대상부위인 SRV env 유전자의 3' 후반부는 서로 다른 3 종류의 SRV subtype 1, 2, 그리고 subtype 3에 걸쳐 높은 보존율을 보이고 있다. 반응 결과, 1차 PCR 만으로 3 종류의 SRV subtypes를 동시에 검출, 증폭하였으며 SRV와 더불어 영장류에서 감염성 면역결핍을 유도하는 주요 바이러스 simian immunodeficiency virus 또는 simian T-Iymphotropic virus type 1에 감염된 영장류의 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)을 비교, 완전한 증폭 특이성이 확인되었고 교차반응으로 인한 위양성반응은 발견되지 않았다. 한편, 위 증폭반응의 검출 민감도 측정을 위해 준정량적 적정 PCR을 수행하였으며 SRV 게놈과 증폭 대상 부위의 분자량을 기준으로 한 본 PCR법의 검출 한계는 단 한번의 증폭과 간단한 ethidium bromide 염색만으로 적어도 $5-7{\times}10^4$ 개의 PBMCs 중 한 개의 감염세포를 검출할 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구에서 확인된 신속성과 반응 특이성, 그리고 높은 민감도의 본 PCR 법은 현재 유일한 AIDS 연구모델인 영장류의 SIV 감염 연구 전후에 반드시 필요한 효과적인 SRV 감염검색에서 ELISA법의 위양성에 의한 약점을 보완하고 보다 높은 검출 민감도를 확보함으로써 연구모델 실험의 오류를 최소화하는 데 중요한 역할을 하게 될 것이다.