• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1243-1250
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effect of oral administration of deer horn against the asthma. Deer horn improves body metabolism and strengthens overall health, especially in elderly persons and young children. Additionally, it stimulates sexual function in females and can stimulate wound healing. Asthma was induced to Balblc mouse by i.p. injection and aerosol immunization with ovalbumin. It was observed the change of the eosinophil number in the BALF. Concentrations of IL-4, IL-5 in BALF and splenocyte were assessed by ELISA, IgG and IgE from serum were calculated by same method. The number of eosinophil in BALF was not significantly changed in deer horn group compared with control group. Concentration of IL-4 in BALF was significantly decreased in deer horn group compared with control group. Levels of IL-5 from BALF and splenocyte were significantly decreased in deer horn group compared with control group, respectively. Concentrations of IgE and IgG in serum were significantly decreased in deer horn group compared with control group, separately. We found that the effect of deer horn extract in asthma was implicated in reductions of IL-4, IL-5 released from Th2 cell, and decreases of IgG, IgE from plasma cell. These findings suggest that deer horn extract can produce anti-asthmatic effect, which may play a role in allergen-induced asthma therapy.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2005

Objective : The effect of Ulmus davidiana Planch(UD), which has long been known to have anti-inflammation and protective effects on damaged tissue, inflammation and bone among other functions, on the development of type II collagen (CII)-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats was studied. Methods : Male rats were immunized with an emulsion of $200\;{\mu}g$ of CII and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The rats were then given intraperitoneal stimulation of Ulmus davidiana Planch herbal acupuncture(UDHA)or saline during the experiment. When compared with rats treated with saline as control, UDHA at doses of more than $20{\mu}g/100\;g$ rat once a day for 7 days inhibited the ability of inguinal lymph node cells to produce T cell cytokines interleukin-2, interleukin-6, $IFN-{\gamma}$ when the cells were obtained from rats 14 days after immunization and cultured in vitro with CII. Results : When rats were injected intraperitoneally, UD -treated group and control group rats did not differ significantly when low doses of UD was given to rats. Conclusion : The recommended dose of UD in the management and treatment of rat CIA will be more than $20{\mu}g/100\;g$, which is two-firth of human therapeutic dose. From the results, it was concluded that the effect of UDHA is dependent of dosage.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.398-406
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effect of oral administration of GSRE against the asthma. Asthma was induced to Balb/c mouse by i.p. injection and aerosol immunization with ovalbumin. It was observed the change of the eosinophil number in the BALF. Concentrations of IL-4, IL-5 in BALF and splenocyte were assessed by ELISA, IgG and IgE from serum were calculated by same method. Concentration of IL-4 in splenocyte was significantly decreased in GSRE group compared with control group. Concentrations of IL-5 from BALF and splenocyte were significantly decreased in GSRE group compared with control group, respectively. Level of IgE in serum was significantly decreased in GSRE group compared with control group, but not IgG. We found that the effect of GSRE extract in asthma was implicated in reductions of IL-4, IL-5 released from Th2 cell, and decreses of IgE, from plasma cell. These findings suggest that GSRE extract can produce anti-asthmatic effect, which may play a role in allergen-induced asthma therapy.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.325-334
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• 2018

Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan zoonotic protozoan parasite that infects most species of warm-blooded animals, including humans. The heavy incidence and severe or lethal damage caused by T. gondii infection clearly indicate a need for the development of an effective vaccine. T. gondii GRA8 is a member of the dense granules protein family and is used as a marker of acute infection. In the present study, we evaluated the protective immunity induced by DNA vaccination based on a recombinant eukaryotic plasmid, pDsRed2-GRA8, against acute toxoplasmosis in mice. BALB/c mice were intramuscularly immunized with the pDsRed2-GRA8 plasmid and then challenged by infection with the highly virulent GFP-RH strain of T. gondii. The specific immune responses and protective efficacy against T. gondii of this vaccine were analyzed by measuring cytokine and serum antibody titers, splenocyte proliferation assays, and the survival times of mice after challenge. Our results showed that mice immunized with pDsRed2-GRA8 demonstrated specific humoral and cellular responses, induced higher IgG antibody titers with predominant IgG2a production; increased levels of IL-10, IL-12 (p70), $IFN-{\gamma}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and splenocyte proliferation; and prolonged survival times compared to those of control mice. The present study showed that DNA immunization with pDsRed2-GRA8 induced humoral and cellular immune responses, and all immunized mice showed greater Th1-type immune responses and longer survival times than those of control mice. These results indicated that T. gondii GRA8 DNA immunization induces a partial protective effect against acute toxoplasmosis.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2002

n-3 불포화지방산이 관절염의 발생 및 경과에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 Louvain종 흰쥐를 사용하여, 실험군을 정상군과 면역유도 (콜라겐+incomplete Freund's adjuvant)군으로 나누었고, 면역유도군은 다시 대조군 (정상식이) 및 n-3 다불포화지방산군 (식이에 5% n-3 다불포화지방산 함유) 으로 구분하여, 관절염 유도 1 주일전부터 n-3 다불포화지방산이 함유된 식이를 섭취시켰으며 관절염의 발생여부를 x-ray 소견과 광학현미경적 관찰을 통하여 확인하였다. 면역유도 5 주에 대조군의 38%에서 x-ray 소견상 족부종과 광학현미경상 염증소견이 발견되었으나 n-3 다불포화군에서는 이러한 변화가 없었다. 혈당과 혈장 인슐린은 면역유도나 n-3 다불포화지방산 투여에 의한 변화가 없었으나 혈장 중성지방과 콜레스테롤은 n-3 다불포화지방산투여에 의하여 감소하였다. n-3 다불포화지방산의 투여가 콜라젠에 의한 관절염의 발생을 예방 또는 치료할 수 있을 것으로 생각되며 이의 작용기전을 설명하기 위하여 후속 연구가 요망된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.609-615
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• 2005

The safety and immunogenicity of an attenuated recombinant Salmonella vaccine strain, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium llaB, was assessed. This vaccine strain could survive in low pH condition, and its ability of intracellular survival did not differ from that of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium UK1, which is the wild-type of the vaccine strain. The mortality of the mice orally administered with the vaccine strain was $50\%$ at the dose of $10^7$ CFU. All mice administered with $10^5\;or\;10^3$ CFU of the vaccine strain survived for 3 days postinoculation (pi). However, all mice administered with more than $10^3$ CFU of the vaccine strain died within 3 days pi. To examine the protective effect of the vaccine strain, mice were orally immunized with $10^4\;and\;10^6$ CFU of the bacteria. Control mice were given with 0.5 ml of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). After 8 days, the mice were challenged with $10^9$ CFU of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium UK1, and mortality was examined for 5 days. The survival rates of the mice immunized with $10^4\;and\;10^6$ CFU of the vaccine strain were $60\%\;and\;80\%$, respectively, whereas all control mice died within 2 days after challenging. To investigate the immunogenicity of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium llaB, mice were orally immunized with $10^5\;or\;10^6$ CFU ml of the vaccine strain. Five mice of each group were sacrificed at 5 and 12 days after immunization, and results showed that immunization of the vaccine strain led to increases of IgG1, IgG2, and IgM titers against S. enterica serovar Typhimurium UK1 in mouse sera, cytokine expressions such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 in spleen, and the lymphocyte proliferation response to mitogens (concanavalin A or LPS) stimulation.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.76-83
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• 2002

연구목적은 조(粗)난황항체(IgY)의 Streptococcus mutans의 산 생성에 대한 억제 효과 및 법랑질 탈회 억제 효과를 생체외 실험으로 연구하는 것이었다. Todd Hewitt broth 및 자당이 5% 첨가된 Todd Hewitt broth에서 조난황항체 농도 2.5%에서 17.5%에 따른 S. mutans의 산 생성 억제 효과는 2.5%에서 부분적 억제 효과가 있었고 농도가 증가할수록 산 생성이 더 억제되었으며, 항체 농도와 pH사이에는 배양 후기에 높은 순 상관성이 있었다. 자당이 5% 첨가된 Todd Hewitt broth에서 12시간 배양 후 유치 법랑질 시편의 표면미세경도 변화를 측정하였을 때 조난황항체 농도 2.5%에서 법랑질 탈회 억제효과가 있었고 농도가 증가할수록 더 억제되었으며, 항체 농도와 경도 사이에는 높은 순 상관성이 있었으며, 농도별 탈회 억제율은 2.5%에서 32.28%, 7.5%에서 42.28%, 12.5%에서 64.06%, 17.5%에서 92.79%이었다. 이상의 결과는 조난황항체를 이용한 수동면역을 통해 치아우식증의 예방이 가능할 것임을 시사한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.111-119
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• 1973

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not the delivery of health services effects the health knowledge of the recipients of that service. 10 was hypothesized that the practical application of theory, though health services rendered by public health nursing students during their field experiences. would have a positive relationship with the quantity and quality of health knowledge of the female population of a given community. In April 1970, ninety five women(between an age 15-49) from Koyang-Gun were interviewed regarding their knowledge and attitudes in four areas of health: maternal health, child health. family planning and tuberculosis prevention. After 11 years(Nov. l971), during which time the women received home visits by student nurses, the women were again interviewed using the original questionnaire. Additionally, they were asked where they had received information about each question. During the 1$\frac{1}{2}$ year period the visits were made by a total of 112 students. They visited the community twice a week. The result were as follows: Maternal health There was marked improvement in the knowledge of specific aspects of maternal health such as the proper instruments needed for cutting the cord and nutritional precaution of pregnancy (p<0.05). In each case 42.0 percent of more of this knowledge was attributed to information gained from the nursing students. However even after the nursing students'visits, the knowledge of other general areas of maternal remained poor. Child health There were increases in the knowledge of the respondents for the time to supplement breast feeding and for time to wean infants (p<0.05). In each case 35.0 percent or more of this information was attributed to the student. The increase in knowledge regarding types of immunization was more often attributed to the clinic nurse than to the nursing students. Knowledge of the necessity of booster immunization was poor both before and after the visits by the nursing students. Family planing There were significant increases in correct information regarding the time of I.U.D. insertion (P<0.05) and method of taking the oral pill (P<0.05). More than 42.0 percent of the increase was attributed to the nursing students'visits. However there was a slight decrease in correct information about concept of family planning. Tuberculosis There was a general lack of improvement in all areas concerned with tuberculosis. Two thirds of the respondents felt tuberculosis was hereditary and did not know what B.C.G. was. From this study, it could be concluded that in specific area the health knowledge of the female population studied was positively effected by the visits of the nursing students. The study also, suggests, however, that there was a marked unevenness in the overall increase in health knowledge. This raises serious questions which require further research. Suggested areas for further research are (1) Adequacy of the course content preparing nurses for the field experience. (2) A public health nursing manual for student reference. (3) Where and when specific aspects of health can be taught most effectively.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.132-136
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• 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of gluten-free diet (GFD) on hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) concentrations among previously immunized pediatric celiac disease (CD) subjects. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated pediatric CD subjects in serological remission who were previously immunized for hepatitis B virus as infants. The temporal relationship between HBsAb concentration, the amount of time on a GFD, and age were evaluated. Results: Overall, 373 CD subjects were analyzed: 156 with HBsAb sampled prior to GFD initiation and 217 after initiation of a GFD and in serological remission. Median age at HBsAb concentration measurement for those before and after GFD initiation was 5.3 years (interquartile range [IQR], 3.1-9.2 years) and 7.6 years (IQR, 5.4-10.9 years), respectively (p<0.001). There was no sex difference between the groups. The median time of HBsAb measurement was 2 months (IQR, 0-5.7 months) before and 12.8 months (IQR, 5.3-30.3 months) after initiation of GFD. The HBsAb concentration was low in 79 (50.6%) and 121 (55.7%) subjects before and after GFD initiation, respectively (p=0.350). Age was inversely associated with low HBsAb concentrations. Neither being on a GFD nor sex was associated with low HBsAb concentrations. Conclusion: Adherence to a GFD does not affect HBsAb concentration in children with CD. Age is inversely associated with HBsAb concentration.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.689-696
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• 2003

Canine sarcoptic mite (Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis) burrow usually in the stratum corneum of the skin of dogs and rabbits. Antigens from the burrowing mites induce cutaneous inflammatory reaction and humoral and cell-mediated immune response in the host. The effect of immunization induced by somatic antigens of house dust mite (Dermatophagoides spp.) has been evaluated to control the canine sarcoptic mite in this experiment. Twelve common antigens (187, 142, 126, 120, 109, 92, 80, 68, 51, 30, 25, 17 kDa) were found using SDS-PAGE with silver staining and Western blot between canine sarcoptic mite and house dust mite. In order to evaluate the immunologic effect of these common antigens 10 New Zealand white rabbits were divided as 4 groups such as negative control (group I), positive challenged control (group II), vaccinated (group III), and vaccinated-challenged (group IV) groups. Group II was artificially infested with about 1,000 canine sarcoptic mites and group III and IV were immunized with somatic antigens of house dust mite. In addition group IV was artificially infested with about 1,000 canine sarcoptic mites and group II, IV were treated with ivermectin. At the 8 weeks of the vaccination with common antigen, the antibody titers of all groups of II, III and IV had been increased. Both infestation score and live canine sarcoptic mite counts of group IV were lower than group III. Infestation score of group II become 0 by 2 weeks and group IV by 4 weeks after infestation. These results suggest that house dust mite, which is easy to culture in vitro, can be a vaccine candidate for protection of canine sarcoptic mite infestation.