• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.147-151
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• 2005

Purified compound with intestinal immune system-modulating properties, GWE-2c, was isolated from methanol extract of Gelidium amansii by sequential procedures with silica gel column, LH-20 Sephadex gel column, and thin-layer chromatographies. In the presence of GWE-2c, strong immunoactivity in Peyers patch cell-mediated bone marrow cells was observed in vitro. In vivo intestinal immune-modulating activity was also enhanced by crude phenolic compound (GWE) of G. amansii in a dose-dependent manner. Investigation of production of several cytokines in Peyer's patch cells upon stimulation with GWE in vivo revealed the levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-6 increased. Results suggest that the phenolic compound from G. amansii represents immunopotentiator and biological response modifier at in vitro and in vivo levels.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2017

Sulfated polysaccharides are known to be immune-stimulators in mammals and can be used as food additives to enhance immunity. In this study, the immune-stimulating activity of water-soluble anionic macromolecules F₂ fractionation isolated from Codium fragile using ion-exchange chromatography was tested in olive flounder, Paralichythys olivaceus, in vitro and in vivo. The gene expression of interleukin (IL)-1β was adopted to check the immune-affection. As a result, in vitro study revealed that the expression of IL-1β was significantly upregulated in head kidney cells by 1 and 5 ㎍/ml of polysaccharides 4 h and by 5 ㎍/ml of polysaccharides at 24 h. In vivo, IL-1β gene expression in head kidney was significantly upregulated by 20 and 100 ㎍ of the polysaccharides at day 1 post-i.p. injection, while downregulated at day 3 but not significant. Meanwhile, in peritoneal cells, it was upregulated by 20 ㎍ of the polysaccharides at day 1 but the upregulation was sustained until day 3 though it was not significant. These results indicate that the sulfated polysaccharides from C. fragile are an immune-stimulator and might be potential feed additives for olive flounder.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2001

십전대보탕의 10가지 구성 천연물을 열수추출하여 장관면역 활성을 비교 검토한 결과, 창출(Atractylodes lancea DC., ALR)과 인삼(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, PG)에서는 높은 활성을 나타내었으나 약한 활성을 갖는 황기(Astragalus membranacues, ASR)와 당귀(Angelica aculiloba Kitagawa, AR)를 제외하고는 어떤 생약에서도 거의 활성을 갖지 않았다. 한편 이러한 활성을 가진 생약(ALR, PG와 ASR) 중에서도 특히 ALR만이 종류, 생산지 및 육종조건에 관계없이 항상 일정하게 높은 활성을 보여주어 창출의 열수추출물 획분(ALR-0)이 십전대보탕의 장관면역 활성에 중요하게 관여하는 시료로 선정되었다. ALR-0 획분은 다시 용매별로 분획되어 메탄올-가용성 획분(ALR-1), 메탄올-불용성/에탄올-가용성 획분(ALR-2) 및 조다당 획분(ALR-3)으로 조제되었으며 이들의 활성을 측정한 결과, 단지 ALR-3 획분만이 Peyer's patch를 통한 골수세포의 증식을 활성화시키는 장관면역 활성을 시료농도에 의존적으로 나타내었으며 그 외의 획분에는 활성이 거의 없었다. 한편 ALR-3 획분을 $NaIO_4,\;NaClO_2$ 및 pronase로 처리한 후 활성을 측정한 결과, 모든 처리군에서 활성이 감소되었으며 특히 periodate 산화에 의해 심한 활성감소를 보였다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 십전대보탕의 장관면역 활성은 10종의 생약 중에서도 특히 창출이 중요하게 활성에 관여하는 것으로 보이며 다양한 용매별 분획을 통해 저분자보다는 에탄올에 침전된 고분자가 주요 함유물질인 조다당 획분이 장관면역 활성에 관여하는 것으로 추정되었다. 또한 periodate 산화에 의해 활성이 크게 감소되는 것으로 보아 주로 다당류가 창출의 장관면역에 중요한 활성물질인 것으로 생각된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1249-1253
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• 2006

The fractions of Capsosiphon fulvescens were studied to verify the anticancer and immunostimulating activity. The fractions from the ethanol extract of C. fulvescens were prepared by the systematic extraction procedure with the solvents such as hexane, ethyl ether, methanol, butanol and H$_2$O. The cytotoxic effects of C. fulvescens fractions against human leukemia cell line U937, mouse neuroblastoma cell line (NB41A3), human hepatoma cell line (HepG2)and rat glioma cell line (C6) were investigated. Ethyl ether fraction of C. fulvescens showed the highest cytotoxicity against all four cell lines tested. In addition, H$_2$O fraction also showed relatively high cytotoxicity. Dose dependent patterns were observed on all four cell lines. The immune-stimulating effects of C. fulvescens fractions on rat macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) were also investigated. All five fractions of C. fulvescens extract stimulated NO production with concentration dependant manner. These results suggest that C. fulvescens may be a useful candidate for a natural antitumor and immune-stimulating agent.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.164-168
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• 2008

본 연구를 통하여 요즘 기능성 측면에서 관심을 끌고 있는 참죽나무 잎의 열수추출물과 유기용매 추출물을 이용하여 항산화능과 면연증강능을 확인하였다. 열수 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 46.5-59.6 mg/100 g으로 유기용맹 추출물보다 그 수치가 더 높았다. 열수 추출물과 유기용맹 추출물의 항산화 활성은 2,2-diphenyl-picryl-hydraryl (DPPH) radical 소거활성으로 6-33%로 기준물질보다 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 참죽나무 잎 추출물의 면역증강능을 확인하기 위하여 박테리아 감염에 대항하는 숙주방어체계에 필요한 NO 생성능을 확인하였다. 열수 추출물은 마크로파지 세포주인 RWA 264.7의 NO 생성을 증가시켰다. 그러나 유기용매추출물은 별다른 변화를 가져오기 않았다. 항염효과를 증명하기 위하여 인지질다당류 (LPS) 유발 NO생성에 미치는 영향을 조사하여, NO 생성을 억제하는 것을 증명하였다. 즉, 면역증강능의 확인 실험을 통하여 참죽나무 잎의 열수추출 분획에 대식세포의 활성을 증가시키는 성분이 포함되어 있고, 유기용매 추출 분획에서는 대식세포의 활성을 감소시키는 성분이 포함되어 있는 것으로 판단된다. 이상과 같은 결과를 미루어 보았을 때, 참죽이 한 가지 식물인데도 불구하고 유효 성분에 대한 추출 방법에 따라 상이한 면역 증강 및 항균, 항염 작용을 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2016

Aloe vera L.(Aloe barbadensis Miller) has been used for many centuries for various medical, cosmetic and neutraceutical purposes. The gel of A. vera was reported to exert numerous biological activities including wound healing, immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-diabetic, and anti-psoriasis activities. Acemannan, found predominantly in the inner leaf gel of A. vera, has been identified as the main active ingredient exerting diverse biological activities. In this review, we summarized the recent findings on the immunomodulatory activities of acemannan. Studies that used purified acemannan demonstrate that acemannan exerts immune-stimulating, anti-cancer, anti-viral, and hematopoiesis-increasing activities. In addition, it is being clear that most of these activities of acemannan are mediated primarily by activating professional antigen presenting cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1629-1635
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• 2014

It is known that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have many beneficial health effects, including anti-oxidative activity and immune regulation. In this study, the immune regulatory effects of Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus plantarum, which are found in different types of kimchi, were evaluated. L. sakei and its lipoteichoic acid (LTA) have greater immune stimulating potential in IL-12, IFN-${\gamma}$, and TNF-${\alpha}$ production as compared with L. plantarum in an in vitro condition. On the other hand, L. plantarum is assumed to repress the Th1 immune response in murine experiments. After being injected with LPS, L. plantarum-fed mice maintained a healthier state, and the level of TNF-${\alpha}$ in their blood was lower than in other bacterial strainfed mice and in the LPS-only control mice. Additionally, IL-12 production was significantly decreased and the production of IL-4 was greatly increased in the splenocytes from L. plantarum-fed mice. Further experiments revealed that the pre-injection of purified LTA from L. plantarum (pLTA), L. sakei (sLTA), and S. aureus (aLTA) decreased TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-4 production in LPS-injected mice. Mouse IL-12, however, was significantly increased by aLTA pre-injection. In conclusion, the L. sakei and L. plantarum strains have immune regulation effects, but the effects differ in cytokine production and the regulatory effects of the Th1/Th2 immune response.

• 생약학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2019

This study was done to examine immunomodulative effects of aged doraji (AD) in the immune-suppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide. The immune-stimulating effects of ethanol AD extract in in vivo at 75 and 150 mg/kg body weight (BW) for AD and 2AD groups were evaluated and compared to the normal doraji group (2ND, 150 mg/kg BW) treated with a doraji without aging process. After the 10 days of oral supplement, body and immune related organ weights, serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and cytokines levels, splenocytes proliferation rate, and splenic NK cell activity were measured as immune-related biomarkers. Body weight and serum IgG level increased in the 2AD group. But, the serum Th2 cytokine (IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$) levels were lower in the AD and 2AD groups, respectively. Splenic T cell and B cell proliferation and NK cell activity increased in the doraji groups and the significant increases were found only in the 2AD group. Thus, the aged doraji extract may affect body weight, serum IgG level, splenocytes proliferation, and splenic NK cell activity, and normalize the Th2 cytokine levels in the immune-suppressed mice. The results suggest that the aged doraji improves effectively immune system rather than the normal one.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.183-187
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• 2005

The objective of the present study was to determine the possible immune-enhancing effects of a substance extracted from a submerged culture of Lentinus edodes with rice bran (SLRB). According to the results obtained by measuring the in vitro macrophage activity of the exo-biopolymer from SLRB, it appears to exhibit activity similar to that of LPS, and this activity seems to occur in a dose-dependent manner. According to the results obtained by measuring splenocyte proliferation, the exo-biopolymer appears to induce an increase in proliferation of approximately 1.4-fold compared to the control group. We measured the proliferation of bone marrow cells in order to evaluate gut immunity and, according to our results, proliferation was increased to 109% that of the control group, and was similar to that associated with LPS. In order to characterize the enhancement of immunological activity in vivo, we orally administered the exo-biopolymer (25, 50, 250 mg/kg bw) to C3H/He mice, and then measured the macrophage activity, determining that the activity was higher than that of the controls at concentrations of 50 and 250 mg/kg. Therefore, the exo-biopolymer from SLRB can be considered to be a useful a BRM agent, as it clearly allows some protection against immunological diseases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.2599-2605
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• 2013

The study aimed to evaluate immune-stimulating effects of a well-known Thai folkloric remedy when used for adjuvant therapy with conventional chemotherapeutics for treatment of breast cancer. Immunostimulating influence of the remedy (215 mg/kg body weight per day) on NK cell activity and TNF-${\alpha}$ release from the monocytes/macrophages were investigated in a total of 15 healthy women and 13 female patients with breast cancer (Group 1). The effect of breast tumor surgery on NK cell activity was further investigated in 18 female patients with breast cancer (Group 2). NK cell cytotoxic activity was determined by chromium release cytotoxic assay using K562, an erythroleukemic cell line. TNF-${\alpha}$ release from monocytes/macrophages separated from blood samples was determined through a biological assay using actinomycin D-treated L929 mouse fibroblast cells in the presence and absence of LPS. Baseline NK cell activity of the monocytes/macrophages separated from Group 2 patients expressed as %cytotoxicity was significantly lower than in the healthy subjects at E:T ratios of 100:1 and 25:1. In healthy subjects, there was no change in NK cell cytotoxic activity (%cytotoxicity or LU) following 1 and 2 weeks of treatment with the remedy compared with the baseline at various E:T ratios but the binding activity (%binding) was significantly increased after 2 weeks of treatment. The addition of one or two conventional chemotherapeutic regimens did not significantly reduce the NK cytotoxic activity but did affect release of TNF-${\alpha}$ in both unstimulated and LPS-stimulated samples. Surgery produced a significant suppressive effect on NK cell activity. The use of the remedy as an adjunct therapy may improve therapeutic efficacy and safety profiles of conventional chemotherapeutic regimens through stimulation of the immune system in cancer patients.