• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권
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• pp.173-183
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• 2001

Although there are still many technical difficulties to be overcome, recent advances in the molecular and cellular biology of gene transfer have made it likely that gene therapy will soon start to play an increasing role in clinical practice. However. safety issues are raised from vector system. It is not clear whether it is safe to incorporate genes into nuclear DNA. Little is known about the antigenicity of gene product which the immune system is encountering. In this review, some safety-related topics are introduced and discussed.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한생식의학회 2007년도 제52차 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.130-130
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• 2007

• 한국잠사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국잠사학회 2005년도 제48회 추계 학술연구 발표회
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• pp.52-52
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• 2005

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

저수온기만 넙치에 대량 폐사를 일으키는 바이러스성 출혈성 패혈증을 폐사가 발생하는 $15^{\circ}C$, 폐사가 발생하지 않는 $20^{\circ}C$에서 인공감염시켜 넙치의 면역 유전자 발현 profile을 cDNA microarray 분석하였으며, 특히 저수온기에 폐사가 나타나는 원인을 면역 유전자 발현과 관련시켜 알아보고자 하였다. $15^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$의 감염 세포구에 공통으로 발현되는 유전자는 MHC class I, IL-8, myeloperoxidase 및 endonuclease G-like 유전자로 모든 세포표면에 존재하여 항원을 제시하거나 호중구 주화성을 자극하는 유전자들이었다. 항원 가공 및 제시, 항체 생성에 관여하는 MHC class II, immunoglobulin (Ig)과 retinoblastoma 등의 유전자는 $20^{\circ}C$에서는 발현이 증가하였으나 $15^{\circ}C$에서는 발현이 감소되었다. 이로부터 폐사가 발생하지 않는 $20^{\circ}C$는 바이러스 감염초기의 항원 제시, MHC class I과 II에 의한 항원제시, apoptosis 및 이후의 항체 생산이 정상적으로 이루어져 폐사가 발생하지 않는 것으로 생각되었다. 그러나 폐사가 발생하는 $15^{\circ}C$에서는 MHC class I매개의 항원 제시와 탐식 작용등의 선천 면역은 이루어지나 macrophage에 의한 MHC class II매개의 항원 제시와 apoptosis저하, 항체 생산 관련 유전자의 발현저하가 관찰되어 초기 macrophage에 의한 항원제시의 실패로 적응 면역이 제대로 활성화되지 않아 폐사가 발생한 것으로 사료된다.

• Genes and Genomics
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• 제40권11호
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• pp.1199-1211
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• 2018

Soil acidification is one of major problems limiting crop growth and especially becoming increasingly serious in China owing to excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer. Only the STOP1 of Arabidopsis was identified clearly sensitive to proton rhizotoxicity and the molecular mechanism for proton toxicity tolerance of plants is still poorly understood. The main objective of this study was to investigate the transcriptomic change in plants under the low pH stress. The low pH as a single factor was employed to induce the response of the wheat seedling roots. Wheat cDNA microarray was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of 1057 DEGs were identified, of which 761 genes were up-regulated and 296 were down-regulated. The greater percentage of up-regulated genes involved in developmental processes, immune system processes, multi-organism processes, positive regulation of biological processes and metabolic processes of the biological processes. The more proportion of down-regulation genes belong to the molecular function category including transporter activity, antioxidant activity and molecular transducer activity and to the extracellular region of the cellular components category. Moreover, most genes among 41 genes involved in ion binding, 17 WAKY transcription factor genes and 17 genes related to transport activity were up-regulated. KEGG analysis showed that the jasmonate signal transduction and flavonoid biosynthesis might play important roles in response to the low pH stress in wheat seedling roots. Based on the data, it is can be deduced that WRKY transcription factors might play a critical role in the transcriptional regulation, and the alkalifying of the rhizosphere might be the earliest response process to low pH stress in wheat seedling roots. These results provide a basis to reveal the molecular mechanism of proton toxicity tolerance in plants.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2005

The major garlic component, Allicin [diallylthiosulfinate, or (R, S)-diallyldissulfid-S-oxide] is known for its medicinal effects, such as antihypertensive activity, microbicidal activity, and antitumor activity. Allicin and diallyldisulfide, which is a converted form of allicin, inhibited the cholesterol level in hepatocytes, in vivo and in vitro. The metabolism of allicin reportedly occurs in the microsomes of hepatocytes, predominantly with the contribution of cytochrome P-450. However, little is known about how allicin affects the genes involved in the activity of hepatocytes in vivo. In the present study, we used the short-term intravenous injection of allicin to examine the in vivo genetic profile of hepatocytes. Allicin up-regulate ten genes in the hepatocytes. For example, the interferon regulator 1 (IRF-I), the wingless-related MMTV (mouse mammary tumor virus) integration site 4 (wnt-4), and the fatty acid binding protein 1. However, allicin down-regulated three genes: namely, glutathione S-transferase mu6, a-2-HS glycoprotein, and the corticosteroid binding globulin of hepatocytes. The up-regulated wnt-4, IRF-1, and mannose binding lectin genes can enhance the growth factors, cytokines, transcription activators and repressors that are involved in the immune defense mechanism. These primary data, which were generated with the aid of the Atlas Plastic Mouse 5 K Microarray, help to explain the mechanism which enables allicin to act as a therapeutic agent, to enhance immunity, and to prevent cancer. The data suggest that these benefits of allicin are partly caused by the up-regulated or down-regulated gene profiles of hepatocytes. To evaluate the genetic profile in more detail, we need to use a more extensive mouse genome array.

• BMB Reports
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.461-465
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• 2008

IL-18 production may enhance immune system defense against KG-1 cells ; NB4 cells, which are associated with good prognosis, do not produce IL-18. In this study, we treated KG-1 cells with IL-18 and used microarray technology to assess subsequent effects on gene expression. In UniGene-array of 7488 human genes, expression of 57 genes, including stress related genes, increased at least 2-fold, whereas expression of 48 genes decreased at least 2-fold. Following exogenous exposure of KG-1 cells to IL-18, expression of CRYGC, $NF{\kappa}BIA$ and NACA gene were monitored. The latter is a transcriptional coactivator potentiating c-Jun-mediated transcription.$NF{\kappa}BIA$ is an inhibitor of $NF{\kappa}B$, and affects growth regulation, apoptosis and hypoxic stress. Studies, such as this one, are beginning to clarify the differences between cells associated with good and bad cancer prognoses, which may ultimately assist in medical treatment for acute myeloid leukemia.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.323-335
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• 2002

Object: The present study was accomplished to obtain a gene expression profile of the luminal epithelium during embryo apposition in comparison of implantation (1M) and interimplantation (INTER) sites. Material and Method: The mouse uterine luminal epithelium from IM and INTER sites were sampled on day 4.5 (Day of vaginal plug = day 0.5) by Laser Captured Microdissection (LCM). RNA was extracted from LCM captured epithelium, amplified, labeled and hybridized to microarrays. Results from microarray hybridization were analyzed by Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) method. Differential expression of some genes was confirmed by LCM followed by RT-PCR. Results: Comparison of IM and INTER sites by SAM identified 73 genes most highly ranked at IM, while 13 genes at the INTER sites, within the estimated false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.163. Among 73 genes at IM, 20 were EST/unknown function, and the remain 53 were categorized to the structural, cell cycle, gene/protein expression, immune reaction, invasion, metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. Of the 24 structural genes, 14 were related especially to extracellular matrix and tissue remodeling. Meanwhile, among 13 genes up-regulated at INTER, 8 genes were EST/unknown function, and the rest 5 were related to metabolism, signal transduction, and gene/protein expression. Among these 58 (53+5) genes with known functions, 13 genes (22.4%) were related with $Ca^{2+}$ for their function. Conclusions: Results of the present study suggest that 1) active tissue remodeling is occurring at the IM sites during embryo apposition, 2) the INTER sites are relatively quiescent than IM sites, and 3) the $Ca^{2+}$ may be a crucial for apposition. Search for human homologue of those genes expressed in the mouse luminal epithelium during apposition will help to understand the implantation process and/or implantation failure in humans.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 국내 자생하고 있는 갈매나무과 식물 13종에 대한 부위별(잎, 가지, 열매) 물 추출물의 NO 생성능을 통하여 면역증진 활성을 측정하여 기능성을 검토하였다. 망개나무, 헛개나무, 까마귀베개, 산황나무, 갈매나무, 참갈매나무, 상동나무 등에서 50% 이상 NO 생성능을 보여줌으로써 대식세포 활성화를 검증하였다. 또한 PCR 전기영동을 통하여 면역증진과 관련된 cytokine인 iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α의 발현을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 갈매나무과 분류군들의 부위별 NO 생성능, mRNA 발현 등과 같은 면역 활성에 대한 과학적 근거를 제시할 수 있었고, 이는 면역증진 관련 소재 발굴 및 제품 개발에 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2005

Drosophila protects itself from infection by microbial organisms by means of its pivotal defense, the so-called innate immunity system. This is its sole defense as it lacks an adaptive immunity system such as is found in mammals. The strong conservation of innate immunity systems in organisms from Drosophila to mammals, and the ease with which Drosophila can be manipulated genetically, makes this fly a good model system for investigating the mechanisms of virulence of a number of medically important pathogens. Potentially damaging endogenous and/or exogenous challenges sensed by specific receptors initiate signals via the Toll and/or Imd signaling pathways. These in turn activate the transcription factors Dorsal, Dorsal-related immune factor (Dif) and Relish, culminating in transcription of genes involved in the production of antimicrobial peptides, melanization, phagocytosis, and the cytoskeletal rearrangement required for appropriate responses. Clarifying the regulatory interactions between the various pathways involved is very important for understanding the specificity and termination mechanism of the immune response.