• 대한한의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2013

Objectives: To investigate therapeutic mechanisms of Gyejibokryeong-hwan (GJBRH) against gynaecological diseases, articles on biological assay were gathered and analyzed. Methods: The articles were classified as being from domestic or international journals, and by their year of publication. The mechanisms of the biological effects against gynaecological diseases were noted. Results: Of the 14 articles analyzed, 13 were published in China and 1 was from Japan. GJBRH showed therapeutic effect against uterine and mammary gland diseases. Uterine-related diseases such as endometriosis, hysteromyoma, adenomyosis, cancer, and inflammation can be improved by the administration of GJBRH through anti-angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, the modulation of immune cell and immunoglobulin, and the regulation of hormone secretion. GJBRH also reduced mammary hyperplasia by regulating hormone and cytokine release. Conclusions: We speculate that the inhibitory effect against uterine and mammary gland diseases could be related to the therapeutic efficacy of GJBRH in improving gynaecological diseases.

• 생약학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.212-216
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• 2006

The effect of aqueous extracts of medicinal plants $AMP-365^{TM}$ was tested for immune system regulating activity based on anti-inflammatory activity, anti-oxidant, macrophage proliferation and T-lymphocyte proliferation activity. $AMP-365^{TM}$ dose-dependently increased proliferation of RAW264.7 macrophage cells and its nitric oxide production as well as DPPH radical scavenging activity. On the other hand, T-lymphocyte proliferation activity was decreased on dose-dependent manner. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction was alleviated by 49% by administering 250 mg/kg of $AMP-365^{TM}$. The results suggest that $AMP-365^{TM}$ can be beneficial in the treatment of immediate allergic reactions as an adjuvant supplement material.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5637-5644
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• 2013

The definite molecular mechanisms underlying the genesis of nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs) remain to be completely elucidated. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs which are implicated in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and even carcinogenesis through negatively regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. EBV was the first human virus found to express miRNAs. EBV-encoded BART-miRNAs and dysregulated cellular miRNAs are involved in carcinogenesis of NPC by interfering in the expression of viral and host cell genes related to immune responses and perturbing signal pathways of proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis and even radio-chemo-therapy sensitivity. Additional studies on the roles of EBV-encoded miRNAs and cellular miRNAs will provide new insights concerning the complicated gene regulated network and shed light on novel strategies for the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of NPC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.1719-1722
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• 2012

The Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein family Verprolin - homologous proteins (WAVEs), encoded by a metastasis promoter gene, play considerable roles in adhesion of immune cells, cell proliferation, migration and destruction of foreign agents by reactive oxygen species. These diverse functions have lead to the hypothesis that WAVE proteins have multi-functional roles in regulating cancer invasiveness, metastasis, development of tumor vasculature and angiogenesis. Differentials in expression of WAVE proteins are associated with a number of neoplasms include colorectal cancer, hepatocellular cancer, lung squamous cell carcinoma, human breast adenocarcinoma and prostate cancer. In this review we attempt to unify our knowledge regarding WAVE proteins, focusing on their potentials as diagnostic markers and molecular targets for cancer therapy.

• BMB Reports
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2020

Sphingolipids are ubiquitous building blocks of eukaryotic cell membranes that function as signaling molecules for regulating a diverse range of cellular processes, including cell proliferation, growth, survival, immune-cell trafficking, vascular and epithelial integrity, and inflammation. Recently, several studies have highlighted the pivotal role of sphingolipids in neuroinflammatory regulation. Sphingolipids have multiple functions, including induction of the expression of various inflammatory mediators and regulation of neuroinflammation by directly effecting the cells of the central nervous system. Accumulating evidence points to sphingolipid engagement in neuroinflammatory disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Abnormal sphingolipid alterations, which involves an increase in ceramide and a decrease in sphingosine kinase, are observed during neuroinflammatory disease. These trends are observed early during disease development, and thus highlight the potential of sphingolipids as a new therapeutic and diagnostic target for neuroinflammatory diseases.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권9호
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• pp.774-783
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• 2020

The lung has a vital function in gas exchange between the blood and the external atmosphere. It also has a critical role in the immune defense against external pathogens and environmental factors. While the lung is classified as a relatively quiescent organ with little homeostatic turnover, it shows robust regenerative capacity in response to injury, mediated by the resident stem/progenitor cells. During regeneration, regionally distinct epithelial cell populations with specific functions are generated from several different types of stem/progenitor cells localized within four histologically distinguished regions: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. WNT signaling is one of the key signaling pathways involved in regulating many types of stem/progenitor cells in various organs. In addition to its developmental role in the embryonic and fetal lung, WNT signaling is critical for lung homeostasis and regeneration. In this minireview, we summarize and discuss recent advances in the understanding of the role of WNT signaling in lung regeneration with an emphasis on stem/progenitor cells.

• Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.162-169
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• 2018

$TGF-{\beta}$ signaling plays a tumor suppressive role in normal and premalignant cells but promotes tumor progression during the late stages of tumor development. The $TGF-{\beta}$ signaling pathway is tightly regulated at various levels, including transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. Ubiquitination of signaling components, such as receptors and Smad proteins is one of the key regulatory mechanisms of $TGF-{\beta}$ signaling. Tripartite motif (TRIM) family of proteins is a highly conserved group of E3 ubiquitin ligase proteins that have been implicated in a variety of cellular functions, including cell growth, differentiation, immune response, and carcinogenesis. Recent emerging studies have shown that some TRIM family proteins function as important regulators in tumor initiation and progression. This review summarizes current knowledge of TRIM family proteins regulating the $TGF-{\beta}$ signaling pathway with relevance to cancer.

• BMB Reports
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.285-294
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• 2021

The lymphatic vasculature plays important role in regulating fluid homeostasis, intestinal lipid absorption, and immune surveillance in humans. Malfunction of lymphatic vasculature leads to several human diseases. Understanding the fundamental mechanism in lymphatic vascular development not only expand our knowledge, but also provide a new therapeutic insight. Recently, Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling pathway, a key mechanism of organ size and tissue homeostasis, has emerged as a critical player that regulate lymphatic specification, sprouting, and maturation. In this review, we discuss the mechanistic regulation and pathophysiological significant of Hippo pathway in lymphatic vascular development.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.149.2-149.2
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• 2003

Nitric oxide (NO) is known to work as an important signaling molecule involved in regulating a wide range of biological activities in the neuronal, vascular, and immune system. NO and its metabolites mediate a number of host defence functions and are also implicated in the pathogenesis of tissue damage associated with inflammation. Cyclohexylimminobenzoxathiol LYR-64 compound inhibited LPS-induced NO production in murine macrophages Raw264.7 with an IC50 value of 0.7 uM with 95.9% inhibition at 3 uM, 63.5% at 1 uM and 30.2% at 1 uM. (omitted)

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.722-730
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• 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogenic virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with major symptoms including hyper-inflammation and cytokine storm, which consequently impairs the respiratory system and multiple organs, or even cause death. SARS-CoV-2 activates inflammasomes and inflammasome-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways, which are key determinants of hyperinflammation and cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 inhibits inflammasome activation to evade the host's antiviral immunity. Therefore, regulating inflammasome initiation has received increasing attention as a preventive measure in COVID-19 patients. Ginseng and its major active constituents, ginsenosides and saponins, improve the immune system and exert anti-inflammatory effects by targeting inflammasome stimulation. Therefore, this review discussed the potential preventive and therapeutic roles of ginseng in COVID-19 based on its regulatory role in inflammasome initiation and the host's antiviral immunity.