• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.627-633
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• 1999

In this paper, we propose a method of cooperative control (T-cell modeling) and selection of group behavior strategy (B-cell modeling) based on immune system in distributed autonomous robotic system (DARS). Immune system is living body's self-protection and self-maintenance system. These features can be applied to decision making of optimal swarm behavior in dynamically changing environment. For applying immune system to DARS, a robot is regarded as a ？3-cell, each environmental condition as an antigen, a behavior strategy as an antibody and control parameter as a T-cell respectively. When the environmental condition (antigen) changes, a robot selects an appropriate behavior strategy (antibody). And its behavior strategy is stimulated and suppressed by other robot using communication (immune network). Finally much stimulated strateby is adopted as a swarm behavior strategy. This control scheme is based on clonal selection and immune network hypothesis, and it is used for decision making of optimal swarm strategy. Adaptation ability of robot is enhanced by adding T-cell model as a control parameter in dynamic environments.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.184-193
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• 2013

Co-signaling molecules are surface glycoproteins that positively or negatively regulate the T cell response to antigen. Co-signaling ligands and receptors crosstalk between the surfaces of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells, and modulate the ultimate magnitude and quality of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. In the past 10 years, the field of co-signaling research has been advanced by the understanding of underlying mechanisms of the immune modulation led by newly identified co-signaling molecules and the successful preclinical and clinical trials targeting co-inhibitory molecules called immune checkpoints in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancers. In this review, we briefly describe the characteristics of well-known B7 co-signaling family members regarding the expression, functions and therapeutic implications and to introduce newly identified B7 members such as B7-H5, B7-H6, and B7-H7.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07d
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• pp.2572-2574
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• 2000

In this paper, cell-mediated immune algorithm(CMIA) controller was proposed and applied for the autonomous guided vehicle(AGV) driving. It was based on specific immune response of the biological immune system which is the cell-mediated immunity. To verify the performance of the designed CMIA controller, some experiments were performed for the control of steering and speed of AGV. And then the displacement and speed tracking error of the AGV was mainly investigated. As results, the capability of realization and reliableness were proved by comparing the response characteristics of the classical controller with the proposed CMIA controller.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.39-63
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• 2019

In this paper, we study the effect of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) and antibody immune responses on the virus dynamics with both virus-to-cell and cell-to-cell transmissions. The infection rate is given by Holling type-II. We first show that the model is biologically acceptable by showing that the solutions of the model are nonnegative and bounded. We find the equilibria of the model and investigate their global stability analysis. We derive five threshold parameters which fully determine the existence and stability of the five equilibria of the model. The global stability of all equilibria of the model is proven using Lyapunov method and applying LaSalle's invariance principle. To support our theoretical results we have performed some numerical simulations for the model. The results show the CTL and antibody immune response can control the disease progression.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.483-489
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• 2002

APA-01, which is an aqueous extract of five Chinese herbs, is a modified formula of Huoxiang-Zhengqi-San. The effect of new herb extract on immune response was investigated. The parameter examined to assess apparent immune response of APA-01 in mice included changes of body weight, relative weight of immune organs, cell proliferation and cytokine gene expression. The body weight and relative weight of immune organs were not significantly changed among the tested groups. In the spleen cell prolijeration assay, APA-01 increased the cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Methotrexate (MTX), an agent of immune suppression, inhibited the spleen cell proliferation (IC/sub 50/: 800㎍/㎖). However, APA-01 significantly inhibited the suppression of mouse spleen cell proliferation. Therefore, it seems that APA-01 has a reducing effect of immune suppression. Immunomodulatory effect of APA-01 was further investigated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in mouse spleen cells. In RT-PCR test, APA-01 enhanced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. In spite of immune suppression by MTX, COX-2 mRNA was induced by co-treatment with APA-01. These results suggest that APA-01 stimulates the proliferation of spleen cells, regulates the expression of COX-2 mRNA, and accelerates the recovery of inhibition of spleen cell proliferation induced by MTX, thus providing the immunological basis for clinical benefit of APA-01.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.285-293
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• 2011

Purpose: In this study, the effects of laughter therapy on levels of depression, quality of life, resilience and immune responses in breast cancer survivors were examined. Methods: A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group, pretest-posttest design was used. Participants (n=37) included breast cancer survivors who finished chemotheraphy and radiation therapy: 16 in the experiment group and 21 in the control group. Data were collected from August to November 2009. The experimental group participated in laughter therapy eight times, twice a week for 60 min per session. Questionnaires were used to me-asure pretest and posttest levels of depression, quality of life and resilience. A blood test was used to analyze changes in Total T cell, T helper, T suppressor, Th/Ts ratio, Total B cell, T cell/B cell ratio and NK cell for immune responses. Results: The results showed that laughter therapy was effective in increasing the quality of life and resilience in breast cancer survivors. but depression and immune responses did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that laughter therapy may be an effective nursing intervention to improve quality of life and resilience in breast cancer survivors.

• BMB Reports
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• v.51 no.11
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• pp.545-546
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• 2018

With emerging evidence on the importance of non-cell autonomous toxicity in neurodegenerative diseases, therapeutic strategies targeting modulation of key immune cells. including microglia and Treg cells, have been designed for treatment of ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases. Strategy switching the patient's environment from a pro-inflammatory toxic to an anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective condition, could be potential therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) regulate innate and adaptive immune cells, through release of soluble factors such as $TGF-{\beta}$ and elevation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper-2 cells (Th2 cells), would play important roles, in the neuroprotective effect on motor neuronal cell death mechanisms in ALS. Single cycle of repeated intrathecal injections of BM-MSCs demonstrated a clinical benefit lasting at least 6 months, with safety, in ALS patients. Cytokine profiles of CSF provided evidence that BM-MSCs, have a role in switching from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory conditions. Inverse correlation of $TGF-{\beta}1$ and MCP-1 levels, could be a potential biomarker to responsiveness. Thus, additional cycles of BM-MSC treatment are required, to confirm long-term efficacy and safety.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.15-30
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• 2001

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of BITG on immune response in the young mice. BITG(500mg/kg) was administerd per orally once a day for 7 days to the young BALB/C(4 wks old)mice. The administrationo of BITG enhanced the cell viability of splenocytes, but did not affect that of thymocytes. In vitro system, BITG decreased the cell viability of thymocytes and splenocytes at the concentration of $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The administration of BITG did not affect DNA fragmentation of thymocytes, but decreased that of splenocytes. The administration of BITG increased the population of Thy1+ cell and CD4+CD8- cell in splenocytes. In addition, BITG decreased the production of NO and increased the lucigenin chemiluminescence from peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that BITG enhances the specific-immune and nonspecific-immune response via increase of cell viability in splenocytes and of phagocytic activity in peritoneal macrophages.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 1998

Effects of swainsonine (SW: 8${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$-indolizidine-1alpha, 2${\alpha}$, 8${\beta}$-triol from Locoweed) on the cellular and nonspecific immune responses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) wer e studied in ICR mice. Mice were divided into 4 groups (10mice/group), and LPS was given to each mouse 1 hr after i.p. injection with 3.7mg/kg of SW by i.p. injection twice a week for 14 days at a dose of 2mg/kg. Immune responses of the delayed-type hypersensitivity response (DTH) to sheep red blood cells (s-RBC), phagocytic activity and natural killer (NK) cell activity were evaluated. LPS treatment didn`t affect NK cell activity, phagocytic activity, DTH to s-RBC compared with those in controls, and phagocytic activity of sareoma 180 tumor bearing mice. However, circulating leukocytes were significantly decreased. Combinaton of LPS and SW increased circulating leukocytes significantly compared vath that in LPS alone, and DTH to s-RBC, NK cell activity and phagocytic activities of normal and sarcoma tumor bearing mice were not affected. These findings indicate that SW didn`t affected the cellular immune responses suppressed by LPS but significantly increased circulating leukocytes.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.18.1-18.13
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• 2021

TLR signaling is critical for broad scale immune recognition of pathogens and/or danger molecules. TLRs are particularly important for the activation and the maturation of cells comprising the innate immune response. In recent years it has become apparent that several different TLRs regulate the function of lymphocytes as well, albeit to a lesser degree compared to innate immunity. TLR2 heterodimerizes with either TLR1 or TLR6 to broadly recognize bacterial lipopeptides as well as several danger-associated molecular patterns. In general, TLR2 signaling promotes immune cell activation leading to tissue inflammation, which is advantageous for combating an infection. Conversely, inappropriate or dysfunctional TLR2 signaling leading to an overactive inflammatory response could be detrimental during sterile inflammation and autoimmune disease. This review will highlight and discuss recent research advances linking TLR2 engagement to autoimmune inflammation.