• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.293-308
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• 2013

Objectives : The Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam has been used in traditional oriental medicine to treat a variety of mental disorders including anxiety and depression. The purpose of present study is to observe the changes which take place in the body in stressful situations and to compare the anti-depressive, anxiolytic and anti-stress effect of Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam in different doses. Methods : This study was performed to evaluate the effects of Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam in the immobilization stress model in rats. Twenty-five rats were divided into 5 groups of 5: control, stress, low dose administration (75 mg/kg), medium dose administration (150 mg/kg) and high dose administration (225 mg/kg). The four groups other than the control group were placed in an immobilization stress test, and distilled water (control) or Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam extract was administration orally for 2 weeks. After treatment, the despair and anxiety behavior of rats were measured by open field test, forced swimming test, weight gain, contents of 5-HT in raphe nucleus and adrenal gland weight. Results & Conclusions : As a result of evaluation by measuring five aspects, FST, OFT, weight gain, 5-HT contents and adrenal gland weight, Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam has significant antidepressant, anxiolytic, anti-stress effects.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3 s.63
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• pp.162-175
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• 2005

Backgrounds : Two stress pathways, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system, regulate immune system responses through release of corticosteroids, norepinephrine and epinephrine. respectively. These neuromediators act on immune cells via specific receptors on their surface to modulate the production of key regulatory cytokines. Objectives : To evaluate the preventive effects of oriental medicine Hyeolbuchukyeo-tang (HC) on stress. Methods : Mice were divided into three groups: nounal group, control group under immobilization stress and HC group which received Hyeolbuchukyeo-tang (HC) under immobilization stress. following sacrifice, their splenocytes were isolated and splenocyte surface markers were determined. The brains were removed and mRNA determined. In vivo, we separated RNA Iron cultured macrophages (RAW264.7). Results : In our study, immune functions were decreased in stress due mainly to changes of various neuromediators, cytokines and macrophage activities, and the treatment of HC increased those expressions. Conclusions : In summary, the present study documents the anti-stress effects of HC through stress-immune regulation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1604-1611
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• 2006

Ostreae concha is natural products of sea that haves good function for anti-stress. WE observed the effect of Otreae concha, Yukkwooltang and yukwool-tang add Ostreae concha for catecholamine, GOT, GPT, LDH and TG after immobilization stress, Ostreae concha depressed the stress response. In immunohistochemical analysis, The area of withe pulp of the spleen decreased in the control groups as compared with control ones. At same time, more severe histological changes of spleen such as the decreased diameter of periarterial lymphoid sheath and splenic node were demonstrated in the rats challenged with emotional stress. But these changes were slightly recovered in rats pretreated with Sample I, Sample II and Sample III. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression of the inflammation-related protein tended to increase. But a decline of these expression, especially TNF-${\alpha}$ by pretreated with Sample I, were observed in the red pulp of spleen of the experimental rats. These results suggest that ostreae concha may act as a therapeutic agent for stress disease through a regulation of stress-related hormones.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.183-194
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• 2017

Objectives: Chijasitang (CJST) has been prescribed for patients with anxiety disorder, and is believed to treat insomnia. The present study was carried out to investigate whether Fructus Gardeniae, Fermented Semen Sojae Preparatum and CJST have beneficial effects on treating anti-stress. Methods: The mice were divided into the following groups: normal, control, positive control, and experimental. Then, the experimental groups were further divided into the Fructus Gardeniae group (FG), the Fermented Semen Sojae Preparatum group (FS), the Chijasitang water extract group (CJSTW), and the Chijasitang 30% ethanol extract group (CJSTE). In the positive control group, a single dose of imipramine ($500{\mu}g/g$) was applied to the mice. In the experimental groups, each single dose of FG, FS, CJSTW and CJSTE ($50{\mu}g/g$) was applied to the mice. After one hour, the mice in all groups except the normal group were exposed to immobilization stress. Their body weights, phagocytosis, nitric oxide in macrophage, corticosterone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were observed. Results: Fructus Gardeniae, Fermented Semen Sojae Preparatum and Chijasitang prevented weight loss and suppressed the decrease of phagocytosis in the mice after their exposure to immobilization-stress. Although they did not influence the amount of NO, they suppressed the increment of ACTH and corticosterone in the immobilization-stressed mice. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, they suggest that Fructus Gardeniae, Fermented Semen Sojae Preparatum and Chi-Ja-Si-Tang all have some anti-stress effects.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

Objective : Soybeans of Canavalia gladiata(CG) and root of Arctium lappa(AL) have been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effect. However, the immunoregulatory mechanisms of its combinational prescription remain a matter of considerable debate. In the current study, we investigated whether CG and AL and its combinational prescription(CG+AL) regulate immune system using chronic immobilization-stress mouse model. Methods : C57BL/6J mice fixed for 2 hours into immobilization tube after CG, AL, CG+AL oral administration after 2 hours daily for 21 days. After every experiment has ended the C57BL/6J mice were sacrificed on 22 days. The production of Serotonin and Cortisol, lgA were observed by ELISA method, The proportion of immune cells such as T/B cell and macrophage, NK cell were measured by FACS. Then, Real-time PCR was performed to measure the mRNA expression of Inflammatory cytokines(IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-a) and T cell activation cytokines(IL-2, IL-10, IFN-gamma, IL-12p35 / p40). Result : When chronic immobilization-stress mouse model were treated with CG+AL(1:4), the expression of mRNA were significantly decreased at the Inflammatory cytokines(IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-a). While, the levels of mRNA were significantly increased at immune T cell activation cytokines. Additionally, CG+AL(1:4) combinational prescription group enhanced immune cells such as T/B cell and macrophage, NK cell. Furthermore, the Immuno-fluorescence result of brain tissue can confirm that CG+AL(1:4) group significantly increased the BDNF expression. Conclusion : These result suggest that CG+AL(1:4) combinational prescription has Immune System enhancement via stress-mediated immunocyte.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2007

Objective : Investigation of the anti-stress effects of Sihosogansan Methods : Passive avoidance test(PAT) was performed after applying immobilization stress in water to rats. Also, forced swimming test(FST) was performed to another rats and after FST, the degree of Tyrosine Hydroxylase(TH) expression was measured with immunohistochemical method in the regions of locus coeruleus(LC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Results : In the PAT after immobilization stress in water, response latency was significantly increased in the Sihosogansan(400mg/kg) group in comparison with the control group. In the FST, immobility was significantly decreased in the Sihosogansan groups (100mg/kg, 400mg/kg), comparing with the control group. Stress-induced TH increases were suppressed in the Sihosogansan groups (100mg/kg, 400mg/kg) at the LC and the VTA region respectively. Conclusion : Sihosogansan can improve memory ability of rats, reduce behavior of depression in rats, decrease TH-immunoreactive cells at the LC and VTA region in rat, and it may be concluded that Sihosogansan has significant effect in reducing stress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.313-320
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• 2016

In the present study, we examined whether or not an herbal mixture extract (HME) has attenuation effects on immobilization stress and sleep disturbance in rats. Immobilization stress was induced by restricting movement using a constraint box for 2 h, and sleep disturbance was induced by exposure to 300 lx of constant light for 24 h and injection of caffeine (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Rats were orally treated with distilled water (vehicle) or HME for 3 weeks at different doses of 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg/d (HME I, II, and III, respectively). In the immobilization model, HME III treatment significantly decreased adrenal gland weight, whereas HME II and III treatment reduced plasma levels of cortisol. HME II and III also reduced the level of IL-6. In the sleep disturbance model, HME II and III meaningfully reduced the plasma level of cortisol, and the increased plasma level of melatonin. HME III significantly increased body weight. HME reduced immobilization stress and ameliorated disturbance in rats. These findings suggest that HME may have beneficial potential for attenuation of sleep disturbance and stress.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.876-880
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• 2011

Gammakdaejo-Tang (GMT) is a traditional oriental medicinal formula, a mixture of 3 crude drugs, and it has been clinically used for treating mild depressive disorders. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of Gammakdaejo-Tang (GMT) on repeated stress-induced alterations of learning and memory on a passive avoidance test (PAT) test and also the anxiety-related behavior on the elevated pulse maze (EPM) in ovariectomized female rats. We assessed the changes in the reactivity of the cholinergic system by measuring the immunoreactive neurons of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the hippocampus after behavioral testing. The rats were exposed to the immobilization (IMO) stress for 14 days (2hours/day), and Gammakdaejo-Tang (400 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered 30 min before IMO stress. Treatments with GMT caused significant reversals of the stress-induced deficits in learning and memory on a working memory test, and it also produced an anxiolytic-like effect on the EPM, and increased the ChAT reactivities (p<0.001, respectively). These results suggest that Gammakdaejo-Tang might prove to be an effective antidepressant agent.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1 s.31
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• pp.146-170
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• 1996

This study aimed to evaluate the anti-stress effects of Walgukhwan, Walgukhwan+Ejintang and Wal gukhwan+Samultang. The experimental animals treated with each extracts during 15 days before the immobilization stress. And each experimental animals were endowed with 12 hours immobilization stress. Then the brain, blood and urine catecholamine contents and serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acid levels were studied. The result were as followed; 1. Walgukhwan, Walgukhwan+Ejintang and Walgukhwan+Samultang were not statistically effective to the changes of the body weight. 2. Walgukhwan was statistically effective to the increase of the blood norepinephrine content as compared with control. 3. Walgukhwan+Ejintang was statistically effective to the increase of the blood and urine norepinephrine contents as compared with control. 4. Walgukhwan+Samultang was statisticallv effective to the increase of the brain, blood and urine norepinephrine contents and also to the increase of the blood and urine dopamine contents as compared with control. 5. Walgukhwan was statistically effective to the increase of the serum free fatty acid level as compared with control. 6. Walgukhwan+Ejintang was statistically effective to the increase of the serum triglyceride and free fatty acid levels as compared with control. 7. Walgukhwan+Samultang was statistically effective to the increase of the serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acid levels as compared with control.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1222-1228
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• 1998

Stress will induce various changes in human metabolism. The remarkable phenomenon of these changes is increased energy metabolism that can induce many reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. ROS can peroxidize cellular macromolecules including lipid and protein. The object of this study was to investigate that stress may induce cellular damage by producing ROS and that Rooibos tea can protect cells against reactive oxygen species by immobilization stress in SD rat. The stress group significantly increased in 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA), one of the stress hormone. Rooibos tea treatment had no effects on 5-HIAA contents, but body weight of Rooibos tea treated rat more increased than that of only the stress group. It was suggested that Rooibos tea colud not affect stress response itself, but protect against the another mechanism. We thought that the oxidative damage was caused by increased energy metabolism. Protein degradation level and lipid peroxide formation on index of oxidative damage significantly increased in the stress group. But the stress-induced activity change could not be observed in antioxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. But the catalase activity of the brain significantly was inhibited by the stress. From these results, it was suggested that the immobilization stress induce the brain oxidative damage. However the oxidative damage was inhibited by feeding Rooibos tea containing various antioxidants, such as polyphenol, flavonoid and so on. Therefore, Rooibos tea have the protective effects against the stress caused by the ROS mediated cellular damage.