• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.36-47
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to explore adaptation experience to family among women who immigrated for marriage. Specific aims were to identify problems immigrant women face as family members and how they interact with other family members. Methods: Grounded theory methodology was utilized. Data were collected from iterative fieldwork with individual in-depth interviews from 6 immigrant women as key informants, and 2 of their husbands and 2 of their mothers-in-law as general informants. Results: Through constant comparative analysis, a core category emerged as "tearing down the wall in communicating". Causal conditions were feeling frustrated in one's expectations, differences in language and life style, differences in recognition, and perceptions of discrimination and prejudice. Strategies were learning the Korean language, learning Korean culture, managing stress, mediating differences between family members, and introspecting. Intervening factors were support systems, burdens of child-rearing, and the condition of one's health. Consequences were rooting oneself in one's family and accepting one's life as it is. Conclusion: Results of the study indicate that there is a need for nurses to understand differences in communication with family members among immigrant women and to provide information and emotional support to improve the adaptation of these women to their Korean families.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.449-460
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aims to provide base data for designing education and counseling programs for child-raising by identifying the types, characteristics and predictors of parenting behaviors of married immigrant women. Methods: We used a self-report questionnaire to survey 126 immigrant mothers of young children, who agreed to participate, and who could speak Korean, Vietnamese, Chinese, Filipino, or English, at two children's hospitals and two multicultural support centers. Statistical analysis was conducted using descriptive analysis, K-means clustering, ${\chi}^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, one-way ANOVA, $Sch{\acute{e}}ffe^{\prime}s$ test, and multinominal logistic regression. Results: We identified three clusters of parenting behaviors: 'affectionate acceptance group' (38.9%), 'active engaging group' (26.2%), and 'passive parenting group' (34.9%). Passive parenting and affectionate acceptance groups were distinguished by the conversation time between couples (p=.028, OR=5.52), ideology of motherhood (p=.032, OR=4.33), and parenting stress between parent and child (p=.049, OR=0.22). Passive parenting was distinguished from active engaging group by support from spouses for participating in multicultural support centers or relevant programs (p=.011, OR=2.37), and ideology of motherhood (p=.001, OR=16.65). Ideology of motherhood was also the distinguishing factor between affectionate acceptance and active engaging groups (p=.041, OR=3.85). Conclusion: Since immigrant women's parenting type depends on their ideology of motherhood, parenting stress, and spousal relationships in terms of communication and support to help their child-raising and socio-cultural adaptation, it is necessary to provide them with systematic education and support, as well as interventions across personal, family, and community levels.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.1032-1039
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• 2017

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to understand the stress of rural mothers-in-law by identifying the nature of their stress experiences with highly educated foreign daughters-in-law using phenomenological methods, and to provide basic data on nursing intervention plan. Methods. The method of this study is to first examine the relationship between marriage and marriage of highly educated immigrant women in Philippines, centered on the nuclear family, through literature reviews such as existing media reports, papers, books and reports, and then to analyze by using Colaizzi's phenomenological research methodology. Results. The results of this study were based on interviews with an elderly women who lives in a rural area and accepted a highly educated foreign daughter-in-law 10 years ago. The essential themes that fit into the context of the 4-existential grounds of Making an Inevitable Choice, Augmenting Conflicts, Expecting hope beyond the endless fence, Crisis in Crisis - Still my family Conclusions. Recently, interest in multicultural families and societies is growing, but there is little empirical study of the system for adopting international marriages, especially for rural mothers to live with foreign wives and to intake such cultural interactions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.5549-5558
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• 2013

This study is aimed at qualitatively looking into multi-cultual family mothers' experiences in children's bilingual education. The subjects for the study were seven married immigrant Vietnamese women with elementary school children who have recently finished bilingual education. After recording their interviews and then transcribing them, the data was analyzed by utilizing comparative analysis method. The results were divided into three categories of experiences: emotional, identical, and relational aspects. The results of this study will offer information about necessary support for bilingual education to multi-cultural family members.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.10
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• pp.1119-1126
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• 2009

Purpose:This study compares the maternal characteristics and birth outcomes of infants of Asian immigrant mothers from developing countries with those of the infants of Korean mothers. Methods:In this multicenter and retrospective study, Asian immigrant women who had delivered between January 2005 and June 2008 were enrolled from9 Medical Centers. In all, 333 births to Asian immigrant women from developing countries (Asian-Korean infants) were included in this study. In addition, sex-, birth year-, and gestational age-matched 333 neonates born to Korean mothers were selected as the control group (Korean infants). On the basis of the hospital data, we investigated the nationality, age, and medical history of the mothers and compared the incidence of congenital infection, Apgar score, weight, height, and head circumference of Asian-Korean infants with those of the Korean infants. Results:The average maternal age of Asian women from developing countries at birth term was 26.7 years, which was significantly lower than that of Korean women (30.8 years, P<0.05). The birth weight of Asian-Korean infants (2,869 g) was significantly smaller than that of Korean infants (2,995 g, P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the incidence of congenital syphilis infection between the Asian-Korean infants and Korean infants (5 cases vs. 0 case, P<0.05). Conclusion:There were significant differences in the perinatal outcomes between the Korean and Asian-Korean infants. A multicenter large-scaled study should be performed to analyze the perinatal outcomes of Asian-Korean infants.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.245-269
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• 2013

Self-sufficiency has been recognized as one of the most important welfare goals for women in the domestic violence field since the welfare reform in the U.S. A qualitative research design was conducted to explore the self-sufficiency experience of Korean-American single mothers with the history of domestic violence in poverty. The meaning of 'self-sufficiency' to participants is that a continuing task or process in life to move toward being independent mentally as well as economically. Their challenges toward self-sufficiency include the period of restoration of their potentials for self-sufficiency destroyed by domestic violence victimization and divorce, and the period of developing their sustainability for self-sufficiency. Their needs for 'help and support similar to care from the woman's parents' home', 'welfare service of select and concentration', 'mature dependency and self-sufficiency', and 'self-sufficiency from survival to dream come true' to cope with the challenges formentioned are reported. Concrete strategies for the development of self-sufficiency polices and services sensitive to immigrant single mothers with the history of domestic violence are suggested.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1460-1467
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• 2004

Purpose. This study examined the predictive factors enabling access to children's oral health care at the level of financial barriers, beliefs, and the provider. Methods. In-depth interviews were conducted with 320 immigrant mothers of low-income families regarding their use of oral health services for children aged four to eight years old. Access to oral health care was measured with frequency of planned dental visits, continuity of care, and age at first visit to dentist. Results. The mother took her child to the dentist at a younger age if she received referrals to a dentist from pediatrician. Regular dental visits were significantly related to household income, provider availability on week-ends, and insurance coverage. The extended clinic hours in the evenings, and the belief in the importance of the child's regular dentist visits increased the likelihood of continuing care. The mothers perceiving a cost burden for the child's dental care were also less likely to return to the dentist. Conclusion. The available care delivery system, coordinated medical care, and health beliefs were among important predictors of the health service use. The study findings suggest need for culturally competent dental health interventions to enhance access to oral health care among particularly vulnerable populations such as low-income children in Korean communities.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.485-496
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• 1997

This study explored the relationships between Husband's emotional support and the mother's postpartum depression. The purpose of this study was to contribute to theoretical understanding of the relationships among these two variables and eventually to direct the planning of nursing care that enhance the health status of mothers in the postpartum period. Data were collected from January to June, 1995, with 47 postpartum Korean mothers in NewHampshire state in The United States of America. Postpartum depression was measured by Jung's Self-rating Depression Scale and husband's support was measured by Husband's support scale developed by Cho, Young Sook. Postpartum depression and husband's support were measured by postpartum mothers on the 3rd postpartum day and 2 weeks. The data were analysed by an SPSS computerized program and Percentages, t-test, paired t-test. ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Stepwise multiple regression were used. The result of this study were summerized as follows ; 1. Mother's postpartum depression was greater at two weeks than the 3rd day (t=-2.64, p<.05). 2. Mother's percieved husband's supportive behavior was lower at 2 weeks than the 3rd day(t=-3.14,p<.01) 3. The higher the husband's supportive behavior, the lower the postpartum mother's depression (r=-2650,-2845;p<.01) 4. In this study, variables related to the mother's postpartum depression were husband's support, how much the husband liked the baby, occupation, and the knowledge of how to care for the baby. 5. In addition, by using Stepwise multiple regression analysis, it was determined that the main influencing factors on the postpartum depression. The variables - husband's support, how much the husband liked the baby and job made it possible to explain 48.61% of variance in postpartum depression. In conclusion, this study revealed that husband's support is an important factor that decrease the immigrant mother's postpartum depression.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.21-48
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• 2021

Today, with countless health information being accessible through online and offline, the public has been able to explore health-related information in various ways. The current study focuses on the information-seeking behavior of the mothers who actively explore information related to the health of their healthy infants (aged between 0 and 3 years). The researcher had conducted in-depth interviews of 24 American, Korean, and Korean immigrant mothers living in the United States, and then analyzed the sequential order of the information sources that they have used to search for the health-related information about their children. The current research highlights that the mothers' information-seeking pathways and searched topics tended to differ in accordance with their child(ren)'s health conditions (e.g., ill vs. healthy). For instance, regarding the information sources used, more diverse health information sources (e.g., public libraries, government health agencies, daycare teachers) were used when their child(ren) was not ill. In addition, when a child was ill, mothers were likely to focus on information about specific diseases or symptoms first, whereas when the child was healthy, they used to explore information on various health topics such as growth and development, nutrition and diets, parenting, and so on. Based on the results, implications for the information professionals are discussed when designing and providing health-related information services to mothers of healthy infants and toddlers.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.27-37
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• 2012

This study determines the factors that contribute to the sense of self-identity for children from multicultural and rural families and provides a systematic understanding of individual self-identity. It also provides implications on how parents, teachers, and professionals can approach their role when instructing and rearing children of different sociocultural backgrounds. The subjects consist of the 310 children from multicultural families (Korean fathers and immigrant mothers) residing in South Korea and 280 children from rural families with similar conditions to those in multicultural families in North Jeolla Province South Korea. The sense of self-identity and maternal parenting behavior were perceived differently by children of multicultural and rural families, whose sense of self-identity was affected by school satisfaction and maternal parenting behavior.