• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.495-500
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• 2016

Since 2016, the VR market has been on the rapid growth. The most critical and arising issue in the VR market is VR contents. That is because it is necessary to develop making techniques and various VR contents to satisfy users' immersion and interaction as much as possible. Therefore, this study focused on VR image contents, conducted domestic and foreign cases of the components of visual and auditory inducement to keep and improve immersion, and thereby tried to find a right direction of visual and auditory inducement. As a result, the visual and auditory components of visual and auditory inducement were found to be photographing, edition, lighting, stitching, graphics, effect, voice actor's narration, dubbing, character voice, background sound, and sound effect; its technical and content components were found to be photographing technique, edition technique, lighting, stitching, graphics and effect, sound and sound effect, and theatric direction based on Mise-en-Scene, lines and narration of characters, and movements of characters and objets. For VR image contents, not only visual and auditory components, but technical and content components are necessary to improve immersion. In the future, it will be necessary to continue to research them.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.155-159
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• 1985

In general, dose rates for a monoenergetic gamma emitter uniformly distributed in an infinite cloud have been calulated by using the monoenergetic point-isotorpic source kernel technique. The most serious limitation on use of the kernel technique is subjected to the fact that it estimates the dose only at the surface of body. As a result, an alternative method is presented in which estimates of dose rate for immersion in a radioactive cloud are resulted from the scattered photon spectra incident on the surface of body. The results are in excellent agreement with other's. Work is currently in progress to apply these results to immersion dose problems associated with absorbed dose distribution in the MIRD phatom.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.47-53
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• 2016

PURPOSES : The objective of this study was to evaluate the results of the dynamic immersion test (DIT) through digital image analysis (DIA). METHODS : The asphalt binder retained post DIT was inspected visually by more than three investigators. However, because visual observations can be subjective, depending on the inspector's skills and knowledge, DIA was also performed. The threshold value for the DIA was determined by a mesh analysis, in which the digital image to be analyzed is divided into very small meshes. In addition, the bitumen bond strength (BBS) test was also performed to the compare the visual results with the mechanical values. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS : Depending on the materials used, various methods can be used to predict the behavior of retained asphalt. However, the increasing ratio in the trend of retained asphalt shows different behaviors among the evaluation methods. In this study, the results of the visual observations were significantly different from those of the DIA, the mesh analysis, and the BBS tests. Thus, DIA is an appropriate method for evaluating the results of the DIT. However, in order to use this technique in the field, it is necessary to determine a more reasonable threshold value by performing DIA on various materials.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.297-306
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• 2022

The acoustic emission (AE) is proposed as a feasible method for the real-time monitoring of the structural damage evolution in concrete materials that are typically used in the storage of nuclear wastes. However, the characteristics of AE signals emitted from concrete structures subjected to various environmental conditions are poorly identified. Therefore, this study examines the AE characteristics of the concrete structures during uniaxial compression, where the storage temperature and immersion conditions of the concrete specimens varied from 15℃ to 75℃ and from completely dry to water-immersion, respectively. Compared with the dry specimens, the water-immersed specimens exhibited significantly reduced uniaxial compressive strengths by approximately 26%, total AE energy by approximately 90%, and max RA value by approximately 70%. As the treatment temperature increased, the strength and AE parameters, such as AE count, AE energy, and RA value, of the dry specimens increased; however, the temperature effect was only minimal for the immersed specimens. This study suggests that the AE technique can capture the mechanical damage evolution of concrete materials, but their AE characteristics can vary with respect to the storage conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.47-53
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• 2024

In this paper, we propose applying interactive technology in virtual environments to enhance interaction and immersion by inducing more natural movements in the gesture recognition process through the concept of affordance. A technique is proposed to recognize gestures most similar to actual hand movements by applying a line segment recognition algorithm, incorporating sampling and normalization processes in the gesture recognition process. This line segment recognition was applied to the drawing of magic circles in the <VR Spell> game implemented in this paper. The experimental method verified the recognition rates for four line segment recognition actions. This paper aims to propose a VR game that pursues greater immersion and fun for the user through real-time hand tracking technology using affordance Elements, applied to immersive content in virtual environments such as VR games.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.3 s.29
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• pp.31-41
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• 1998

Single fiber fragmentation technique was used to evaluate the change of interfacial properties by degradation of fiber tensile strength in the fiber reinforced composites. The influences of fiber tensile strength on the interfacial properties have been evaluated by the fragmentation specimens(weak fiber samples) of glass fiber/epoxy resin that was made using the pre-degraded glass fiber in distilled water at $80^{circ}C$ for specified periods. The effects of the immersion time on the interfacial properties in the distilled water at $80^{circ}C$ also have been evaluated by the fragmentation specimens(original fiber samples) of glass fiber/epoxy resin that was made using the received glass fiber. As the result, the tensile strength of glass fiber was decreased with the increasing of the treatment time in the distilled water at $80^{circ}C$ and the interfacial shear strength was independent of the change of the glass fiber strength in the single fiber fragmentation test. But in the durability test using the single fiber fragmentation specimen, interfacial shear strength decreased with the increasing of the immersion time in distilled water ar $80^{circ}C$. And it turned out that the evaluating of interfacial shear strength using original fiber tensile strength was valuable in the durability test for the water environment by the single fiber fragmentation technique.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.527-530
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• 2002

In the present study, immersion test using artificial seawater was performed to evaluate the resistance of mortar specimens with or without ground granulated blast-furnace slag (SG) and fly ash (FA). Another variable was the fineness levels of SG (4,450, 6,000 and 8,000 ㎠/g). From the results of the immersion test for 270 days of exposure, the excellent resistance to seawater attack for SG mortar mixtures, especially in a high fineness levels, was confirmed. However, the reductions in compressive strength of FA mortar specimens was similar to those of OPC mortar specimens irrespective of replacement of FA.. In order to understand the deterioration mechanism due to seawater attack, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were also carried out. Some reactants such as ettringite, gypsum, brucite and Friedel's salt were possibly detected through XRD technique.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.308-318
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• 1988

The liquid disintegration and characteristics of atomization through the swirl nozzle is affected by injection pressure and injection time when the liquid is injected intermittently. These transient phenomena are investigated by electronic controlled-fuel injection nozzle. The effect of injection conditions on disintegration of liquid injected through nozzle is observed photographically by using delay circuit. Droplet size of the element of the sample is measured by the liquid immersion sampling technique. SMD of droplets is varied with time and is decreased as the injection pressure increases. As the injection pressure increases, the maximum diameter of droplet and diameter of droplet which has the maximum droplet number decrease. Spray angle is not affected on injection pressure and change of spray angle with time is associated with needle movement.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.256-260
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• 1982

This paper presents the characteristics of fuel spray in a diesel engine. In this paper, in order to obtain spray droplet size in a diesel engine, water was injected into the cylinder at room temperature and pressure by injection system. Spray droplet size was measured by liquid immersion technique with a lubricant used as an immersion liquid for spray water from injection nozzle. In this experiment, single hole type throttle nozzle are used at same operating conditions, which included opening pressure of nozzle, fuel delivery, and injection speed. Sauter mean diameter decrease with the increase of injection pressure and decrease in injection nozzle diameter. The rate of spray penetration increased with increasing injection pressure and diameter of injection nozzle at the constant spray conditions.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.18-32
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of the learning outcomes of immersive learning technologies in English language teaching (ELT). This study examined 12 articles, yielding a total of 20 effect sizes. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) program was employed for data analysis. The findings revealed that the overall effect size was 0.84, implying a large effect size. Additionally, the mean effect sizes of the dependent variables revealed a large effect size for both the cognitive and affective domains. Furthermore, the study analyzed the impact of moderator variables such as sample scale, technology type, tool type, work type, program type, duration (sessions), the degree of immersion, instructional technique, and augmented reality (AR) type. Among the moderators, the degree of immersion was found to be statistically significant. In conclusion, the study results suggested that immersive learning technologies had a positive impact on learning in ELT.