• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.638-661
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• 2009

지난해 신정부 출범과 더불어 국가연구개발사업의 관리제도를 연구자 친화적으로 개선하기 위한 다양한 논의가 있었다. 그 결과로서 국가연구개발성과물의 지식재산권 단독소유 원칙이 강화되었고 비영리기관이 징수하는 기술료의 정부환수제도가 폐지되었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 국가연구개발사업과 관련된 지식재산권 관리법제는 여전히 많은 모순점을 보유하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국가연구개발사업의 특허관리와 관련된 한국과 미국의 제도를 비교 분석하여 유사점과 차이점을 확인하고 우리나라 제도의 문제점을 도출하였다. 특히 과학기술기본법 제11조의 위임규정에 따라 제정된 "국가연구개발사업의 관리 등에 관한 규정(대통령령)"의 지식재산권 귀속 및 관리 규정의 제반 문제점을 심층적으로 분석하여 국가연구개발사업의 성과관리 효율화를 위한 대안을 제시하였다. 구체적으로 본 연구에서는 한국과 미국의 "공공연구기관의 직무발명 관리제도"와 "국가R&D의 지식재산권 관리제도"를 비교 분석하였고 우리나라 국가연구개발사업의 지식재산권 관리제도의 문제점을 진단하고 개선방안을 도출하였다. 이를 통해 우리나라 국가연구개발사업의 지식재산권 관리제도 선진화를 위해서는 첫째 국가연구개발사업의 법적 성격이 국제적 기준에 맞게 조정되어야 하고, 둘째 국가연구개발사업의 지적재산권 귀속법제를 개선하고 통일할 필요가 있고, 셋째 국가연구개발사업의 기술료제도에서 규제적 요소를 폐지해야 한다는 결론을 도출하였다.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.23-46
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• 2013

본 연구는 초임 보육교사의 적응에 도움을 주기 위한 기초 정보를 제공할 목적으로 수행되었다. 초임 보육교사 5명을 대상으로 심층인터뷰와 교사에 의한 메모일기, 저널, 보육일지등의 자료를 수집하였다. 연구결과, 초임 보육교사의 경험은 어려운 인간관계, 난감한 업무, 잦은 실수의 긴장, 받았거나 받기를 원하는 도움, 경험을 통한 현장 이해와 자기 성찰, 교사로서 보람이 느껴진 순간으로 분류할 수 있었다. 근거이론 접근법으로 조직 적응과정에 대한 이론적 모델을 구성하였다. 초임 보육교사의 적응과정은 부정적인 정서 반응의 현상을 중심으로 인과적 조건, 맥락과 중재적 조건, 부정적 정서를 다루는 전략과 그 결과로 설명할 수 있다. 인과적 조건은 업무 실수와 인간관계의 미숙함이다. 맥락은 학급 유아의 연령, 근무시간과 공간, 업무의 양과 낯섦, 구성원의 성격 특성 그리고 학부모와의 잦은 만남으로 구성된다. 중재적 조건은 초임교사 안내프로그램, 구성원의 도움과 지지, 보상, 교사의 개인성격 특성으로 구성된다. 초임 보육교사는 부정적 정서를 다루기 위해 잊어버리기, 가족이나 친구와 나누기, 긍정적 정서로 전환하도록 노력하기의 세 가지 전략을 사용한다. 전략 사용의 결과는 성장하기, 살아가기, 이직과 전직 고려로 구성된다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.119-135
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to find out the level of digital stress that people experience and to investigate the effects of socio-economic variables on that. To collect data, structured questionnaire was developed and 1,200 questionnaires were distributed through internet. There were 2 dimensions in this study to examine digital stress. First dimension was about the devices themselves: computers and the other digital goods. Second dimension was about the time digital stress occurring in consumers' decision-making process: purchasing and using. Based on Yeo&Kim(2004), sub-dimensions of purchasing and using aspects were chosen. 5 sub-dimensions in purchasing side were new technology, cost, variety of alternatives, warranty service, and informational problem 6 sub-dimensions in using field were mal(or impaired)-functioning. physical aspects, immaturity in use, pressure to use, addiction to use, and informational problem. As independent variables, sex, age, educational level, digitalization acceptability and computer usability were used. The overall level of digital stress was around the average point which was not as high as expected. Digital stress of purchasing was higher than that of using. First, in purchasing aspects, the level of digital stress was relatively high in cost, variety of alternatives and warranty service. Hence, clear communications with consumers about the distinctive aspects and cost of digital devices in market are needed. Secondly, in using side, mal-functioning and physical aspects were relatively more powerful stressors. In the other words, the more serious problems were not from the characteristics of individual consumers but from those of products. Producers should put their best efforts to reduce imperfection (defectiveness) and develop user-friendly digital devices. Also, users' individual efforts to overcome the problems that can be solved privately are necessary. Finally, it was discovered that sex and computer usability were very important variables on digital stress. To extend computer usability of consumers and get over digital illiteracy, it is essential to expand the paths to give chances for people to contact with computers and other digital goods. Still there are lots of people whore computer-illiterate or low-skilled at computers. In policies or educational programs made by government, communities, or schools, more attention should be paid to the digitally vulnerable groups.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate correlation of childhood trauma experience and parent-adolescents' assessment reports on problem behavior through comparison of delinquent and general adolescents. Methods : First, delinquent adolescents and general adolescents were asked to complete the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Then, 71 pairs of delinquent adolescents and their parents and 133 pairs of general adolescents and their parents were asked to complete the Korean Youth Self-Report (K-YSR) and the Korean Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL). Finally, responses from 410 people were used for the analysis. Results : First, childhood trauma experience score was significantly higher for delinquent adolescents, compared to general adolescents. Second, t-test showed a greater difference between K-YRS and K-CBCL for general adolescents than for delinquent adolescents. Third, in the case of delinquent adolescents, the correlation analysis of K-YSR filled out by adolescents and K-CBCL filled out by parents showed significant correlation in certain areas, including social immaturity, delinquent behaviors, internalization issues, and externalization issues. On the other hand, the correlation analysis of K-YSR and K-CBCL of general adolescents showed significant correlation in all sub-categories. Fourth, the correlation analysis of delinquent adolescents' CTQ and K-YSR showed minimal yet significant correlation in social adaptation, withdrawing, depression/anxiety, and delinquent/aggressive behaviors, however, no correlation was observed between CTQ and K-CBCL. The correlation analysis of general adolescents' CTQ and K-YSR, and CTQ and K-CBCL showed significant correlation in all sub-categories, although the degree of correlation varied. Conclusion : Delinquent adolescents had more childhood traumatic experiences. However, general adolescents' childhood traumatic experiences showed minimal yet significant correlation with various adaptation indicators and their parents responded in a similar way, indicating that general adolescents with childhood traumatic experiences need close care and attention even if they have not shown prominent delinquent behaviors.

• 초등상담연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.227-248
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• 2008

This study aims to examine the effects of art therapy on challenging behavior of schoolchildren. For this purpose, I selected one class of 4th year student of S primary school, located at Jeongeup city, Jeonlabukdo, and selected 4 study subjects through examination of K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation scale, characters, school life and K - HTP test. With regard to procedure of this study, I carried out art therapy program at the art class for 60 minutes one time a week for 4 months, a total of 17 sessions from Apr. 3, 2007 to July 24, 2007. I made this program with some modification in reference to Arts Therapy Technique (Counpia Remote Training Center, 2005), Group Art Therapy (Choi Seon Nam. Kim Gap Sook. Jeon Jong Kuk, 2007) and the Effects of Peer Group Art Activity on Sociality Skill of Offensive Children (Park Ju Yeon. Lee Byeon In, 2005). For each child, I compared and analyzed the changes in score of K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation scale, behavior by K-HTP (dynamic house-wood-human figure test) analysis and by school life(KSD) image analysis before and after treatment. I also carried out qualitative analysis on behavioral feature of each child for each session. This study obtained the following conclusions. First, child A showed positive change in comparison before and after art treatment program of score K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation, K-HTP image test and school life. Since he was so active and wanted to obtain good evaluation from anyone that he frequently had quarrel with friends, spoke against others well and beaten others much but was changed and did not speak against others or beat. Second, child B showed clear difference in comparison before and after art treatment program of score K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation, but no significant difference in K-HTP image test and school life. However, I observed substantial changes. While he could not speak frankly to others, felt empty in mind and was offensive in personal relations, he was changed, did not have quarrel with others or speak against others that much and improved his relationship with friends or teachers. Third, child C showed positive change in score of K-CBCL children juvenile behavior evaluation after art therapy program. In comparison of K-HTP image test and school life treatment before and after treatment, he still longed for mothers in mind but found rather stable after treatment. Fourth, child D showed positive chance in score of K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation scale after art therapy program, but almost no changes in K-HTP image test. But he depicted good relationship and socializing with other friends in school life. While he could not carry his point due to social immaturity and felt depressed, he got more confident. This result of study showed that art therapy had positive effects on correction of schoolchildren.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.248-262
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify the state of demersal fish resource catch by small trawlers, which live in the southern waters off Goheung. We investigated the results of catch of sample fishing vessels, and performed fishing experiments using the actual fishing operation vessels from early November in 2002 till end of October in 2003. The daily amount of catch per vessel of the 35 small trawlers selected as sample vessels was the highest in summer seasons(June and July) as 70kg and the lowest in winter seasons(January and February) as 45kg and Octopus minor occupied as 17 to 30kg nearly 30% of the total catch. Additionally the catch of Octopus minor per vessel, per dragging hour ranges 3 to 6kg, which is the highest in March and June and the low in January to February, April to May and September. In the fishing experiments using small trawler, during the study period, a total of 75 fish species were collected. The number of individuals by species consisted 58.2% in Shrimps, 17.8% in Fish, 2.3% in Cephalopod. Of these, Parapenaeopsis tenella was the highest in 29.2%, Squilla oratoria and Crangon hakodatel was 14.6% respectively and Octopus minor was 0.2% of the total number of individuals. As far as the appearance number of individuals by month was concerned, February was the highest and then May, April and June followed in order, and October showed the lowest. Additionally the monthly catch per dragging was the lowest in December to January as 20kg and the highest in July as 160kg. Specially, Octopus minor was caught throughout the year regardless of season and the catch was the highest at the period from March to June. When looking into the body mean length of dominant fishes caught, we could observe the followings; Trachurus japonicus 8.9cm, Cynoglossus robustus 10.8cm, Muraenesox cinereus 15.3cm, Setipinna taty 10.3cm, Amblchaeturichfhys hexanema 9.3 cm and Collichthys niveatus 8.9cm, most of which were in their immaturity when they were caught.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.131-144
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• 1998

The lack of characteristical understanding of the Home Economics Education will have difficulty in achieving the goal of the Home Economics Education. To allow the Home Economics Education class in school contribute toward the enhancement of the quality of life, it is inevitable to reinforce the recognition of the importance and necessity of the Home Economics Education and to newly propose a directional guidance forward the coming 21st century. The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for planners of the future Home Economics Education by surveying research administrators in charge of programming the overall school curriculum. This study was conducted under the following procedure to have the outcome as follows ; 1. Answers from respondents of age over 50 or careers over 16 years tended to grasp the goal of Home Economics Education in relation to the enhancement of quality of life rather than to the accumulation of knowledge, skill or capacity. 2. Of all the surveyed, 9.64% regarded Home Economics Education as an essential part of school education and the positive ratio was higher with younger respondents. 3. To the question asking if the high school Home Economics Education could have influence on one's capacity, 97.2% of the answerers said yes. The respondents with career under 15 year showed 100% of positive agreement in this matter and of age under 40 marked much higher ratio of 98.84% than the elders. 4. The overall recognition of the necessity for separate sections in Home Economics Education programmed in accordance with the 6th Revision of High School Curriculum displayed a considerably high ratio, with a little differences among age and job groups. The purpose of this study is to analyze and understand adolescents'culture, thereby to provide fundamental information for Preventive Education for Adolescents'Problems in Home Economic Education. 745 articles collected in computer communication service were used for the analysis. The data were analyzed by frequency and percentage using the SPSS/PC+computer program. The most important results of this study were as follows ; 1) Concerning 'Adolescent's Problems's, problems such as violence, homicide and robbery were treated with the greatest frequency. It was also analyzed that the older generations are highly inclined to understand adolescents'culture as a negative one, for example, 'delinquency'or 'immaturity'. 2) Although the area of 'Adolescents'Education'was treated most frequently reflecting the high educational concern in our society, the significant part of those articles were on wrongful educational administration. As much as 70.6% of the articles analyzed were on 'Education'and 'Problems'. Thereby it may be concluded that the other areas such as health, activities, worries, values and harmful environments ere treated respectively as only a 'subculture'or'fragmentary culture'. The articles containing correlations and interactions among them and certain alternative proposals were very rare. 3) The areas such as 'Worries and Counselling'and 'Health'were occupying only a small portion of the articles. The articles which were treating the practical worries and their resolutions were even rarer. 4) 'Values'of the adolescents tended to be viewed by the older generations very negatively. It was also found that the older generations gave the tendency to see the 'consumption culture'of the adolescents as a kind of 'counter culture'or'subculture'.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.291-311
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• 2014

이 연구는 좋은 유아 그림책 속에 나타난 어린이의 존재 특징을 고찰함으로써 어린이에 대한 존재론적 이해를 도모하고자 한 연구이다. 이러한 연구목적을 위해 좋은 그림책의 선정 기준에 대해 그림책 전문가에게 자문을 구하였으며 총 3단계에 걸쳐 최종적으로 존 버닝햄의 <알도>, 데이비드 위즈너의 <시간상자>, 백희나의 <장수탕 선녀님>, 피터시스의 <마들렌카의 개> 4권의 그림책이 분석대상으로 결정되었다. 분석을 위해 그림책 내용에 대한 극화코딩을 실시하였으며 이 극화코딩 자료들을 존재론적 현상학의 이론들을 통해 주제화하였다. 연구결과 유아 그림책에 나타난 어린이의 존재성은 각각 '피투이며 동시에 기투하는 중층적 존재'(알도), '욕심을 버리고 관계의 얽힘에 책임지는 존재'(시간상자), '타인의 얼굴에 반응하는 존재'(장수탕 선녀님), '성인의 교육적 반응을 촉구하는 존재'(마들렌카의 개)로 주제화되었다. 이러한 연구결과는 각각 어린이 존재성이 성인의 존재 특성과 다르지 않음(존재의 중층적 성격), 성인의 존재 특성과 다른 독특함(교육적 반응의 촉구), 성인의 존재성을 초월함(타인에 대한 책임과 반응)의 특징이 있음을 드러낸다. 이 연구는 몇몇 제한점에도 불구하고 어린이가 발달적 존재로서의 의존성과 미숙함을 지닌 존재일 뿐 아니라 중층적 존재이며 반응을 요청하고 책임을 지는 존재임을 발견하였다. 또한 어린이가 성인과 같은 존재 특성을 가질 뿐 아니라 때로는 그것을 넘어선다는 점을 드러냄으로써 어린이에 대한 존재론적 이해를 돕는다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.214-219
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• 1986

참깨의 신품종육성을 위한 기초자료를 마련코자 527품종 중에서 분지의 유무, 착과성 및 삭실방에 따라 분류한 8개 초형에 대하여 각 2개씩의 품종을 공시하여 초형에 따를 착삭위치별 등숙율의 차이에 대하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 주경중앙삭에서는 등숙률이 중ㆍ하위간에 큰차리를 나타내지는 않았으나 측삭에서는 하위>중위>상위의 순으로 좋았으며 중앙삭이 측삭보다 양호한 등숙을 보였다. 2. 분지에서는 하위>상위, 중앙삭>측삭의 순으로 높았다. 3. 1과성형은 3과성형보다, 단경형은 분지형보다 등숙이 양호하였는데 3과성형에서는 측삭, 분지형에서는 분지삭에서의 등숙불량이 3과성형과 분지형의 등숙을 저하시키는 원인이 되었다. 4. NMB (단경, 1과성 2실 4방)형은 양호한 등숙을 보였으며, BTB(분지, 3과성 2실 4방)형은 중 정도의 등숙을 보였으나 가장 많은 sink를 보유하여 수양성에서는 가장 유리할 것으로 생각된다. 5. NTQ(단경, 3과성 4실 8방)형과 BTQ(분지, 3과성 4실 8방)형과 BTQ(분지, 3과성 4실 8방)형은 상위측삭에서 결실이 안되어 전체등숙은크게 떨어졌으나 NMQ, BMQ형 등은 같은 4실 8방형이면서도 3과성형과는 달리 양호한 등숙을 보여 3과성 4실 8방형에서도 source를 확대하여 양분공급을 늘린다면 대형삭의 이점을 살린 이상초형이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국교육학연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.31-53
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• 2017

이 연구는 Vygotsky를 바탕으로 상상력교육의 가능성을 확보하고 정서와의 관련성 속에서 그 교육적 의미를 탐색하는 데에 목적이 있다. 상상력은 창의력과 더불어 미래역량의 중요한 한 가지 요소이다. 그러나 상상력에 대한 교육의 개입에는 큰 딜레마가 있다. 상상력이 자연 발생적이며 따라서 아동에게 특화되어 있는 신비한 능력이라고 간주할 경우, 교육은 자연스러운 상상력이 발현되고 보전되도록 그 과정에 최대한 개입하지 않아야하기 때문이다. 이러한 생각에는 상상력을 아동기의 미발달된 사고과정과 연결시킨 Piaget의 영향이 자리 잡고 있다. 발달심리학자 Vygotsky는 인간정신에 대한 Piaget의 내재적 발생론에 대항하여 사회 문화적 발생론을 주장한다. 그는 창조를 통한 사회문화적 상호작용이 인간의 가장 큰 특성이며, 이 과정에 경험적 질료를 종합하여 새로운 이미지를 창출하는 '상상력'이 핵심적으로 관여한다고 보았다. 그는 상상력이 아동기에 국한되지 않고 문화적 경험에 따라 끊임없이 발달함을 밝혀냄으로써 상상력교육의 가능성과 중요성을 일깨워주었다. 특히 Vygotsky에게 창조적 상상력의 본질은 외적 생산보다는 인간의 정서를 표현하고 다루는 기능에 있으며 이는 미래교육에 중요한 의미를 가진다. 미래사회는 종전의 이성중심사회와 달리 지식과 도덕에서 감정의 요소가 부각되며 교육에서 정서와 깊은 관련을 가진 상상력의 역할을 요청하며 이에 적합한 교육적 개입을 요구한다.