• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.289-292
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• 2016

We surveyed the occurrence of Japanese yam mosaic virus (JYMV) on Yam in Gyeongsangbukdo pronvince from 2013 to 2015. The symptoms of JYMV were yellow stripes and chlorosis in yam leaves and the infection rate was ranged from 33.6% to 40.8%. We determined nucleotide sequence encoding the polyprotein of JYMV isolate BRI from yam leaves using next-generation sequencing (NGS) method. The partial nucleotide portion (7,736 nucleotides) of the genomic RNA of the JYMV isolate BRI has been sequenced (accession No. KU309315). The region sequenced includes a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polyprotein composed of 2,497 amino acids containing the coat protein (CP) and 3' untranslated region (UTR). The genomic organization of this isolate shows almost the same to that of other members of JYMV. The JYMV isolate BRI showed 77% to 79% nucleotide identity with the Japanese and Chinese strains and isolates. This is the first report of the genome nucleotide sequence of JYMV from Dioscorea opposita in Korea.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 2006

[ $17\;{\alpha}-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase(P450_{C17})$ ] is the key enzyme mediating the conversion of progesterone to $17\;{\alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone$, ultimately to androstenedione during steroidogenesis. R. dybowskii's ovarian $P450_{C17}$ cDNA was cloned to understand the regulatory mechanism of ovarian steroidogenic pathway at the molecular level in amphibian. A 2.5kb cDNA clone encoding a single open-reading frame with a 519 deduced amino acid was isolated with the screening of ovarian cDNA library. This sequence contained the three highly conserved domains as seen in $P450_{C17}$ of other species. The comparison of amino acid sequence of Rana $P450_{C17}$ with other animal's $P450_{C17}$ showed relatively high identity with 76% in Xenopus, 63% in chicken, 60% in rainbow trout, and 45% in human. Phylogenic analysis also indicated that Rana $P450_{C17}$ gene was evolutionary well conserved among vertebrate. Northern analysis indicated that the two different sizes of $P450_{C17}$ transcripts with approximately 2.5 and 3.6kb were detected in ovary tissue, but not in other tissues. The expression vector of Rana $P450_{C17}$ clearly showed the $17\;{\alpha}-hydroxylase$ activity converting the exogenous progesterone into $17\;{\alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone$ in the nonsteroidogenic COS-1 cells. Therefore, Rana $P450_{C17}$ cDNA is very useful to investigate the molecular mechanism of the ovarian steroidogenesis in amphibian.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2006

Progesterone(P4) is an important intermediate in the synthesis of androgens and estrogens. Furthermore, P4 itself plays a crucial role in ovulation, atresia and luteinization, and is essential for the continuation of early pregnancy in all mammalian species. In spite of the hormone's physiological importance, the exact action mechanism(s) of P4 in mammalian ovary has not been fully understood yet. In this context, a decades-long controversy regarding the identity of receptors that mediate non-genomic, transcription-independent cellular responses to P4 is presently attracting huge scientific interests. P4 may exert its action in mammalian ovary by several ways: 1) the well-documented genomic pathway, involving hormone binding to so-called classic cytosolic receptor(PGR) and subsequent modulation of gene expression by the ligand-receptor complex as transcription factor. 2) pathways are operating that do not act on the genome, therefore refered to as non-genomic actions. The prominent characteristics of the non-genomic P4 actions are: (i) rapid, (ii) insensitive to transcription inhibitors, (iii) transduced by membrane associated molecules. In particular, the non-genomic P4 actions could be mediated by: (a) classic genomic P4 receptor(PGR) that localizes at or near the plasma membrane, (b) a family of membrane progestin receptors(MPR $\alpha$, MPR $\beta$ and MPR $\gamma$), (c) progesterone receptor membrane component I(PGRMC1), and (d) a membrane complex composed of serpine I mRNA binding protein(SERBP1). The present review summarized these rapid signaling pathways of P4 in the mammalian ovary.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.73-88
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• 2014

Online communities are getting more popular with the development of information technology. It is essential that community members participate actively and share their contents or opinions continuously for the success and growth of online communities. However, it is revealed that most of members just take the role of passive observer. They are lurking community information and contents without any contribution. In this sense, this study focuses on explore lurking behavior of online community members. This study investigates the effect of the characteristics of online community, community members, and personal traits on user's lurking intention. Member familiarity and community identity have a strong positive effect on de-lurking intention, while the perception of usefulness and ease of use for communities and member expertise have a negative effect on de-lurking intention. Interestingly, users with a low level of self-esteem have higher level of motivation of participation than those with a high level of self-esteem. Finally, this study proposes several strategies to enhance information and contents sharing in online communities.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.105-115
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• 2018

The study selected two regional public medical centers(G, N) in Jeollabuk-do to recognize problems and provide solutions for regional medical centers. The medical centers were analyzed, focusing on availability of medical personnel, budget and management thereof, medical treatment performance, public project performance, and patient satisfaction. The results showed that the medical centers were understaffed with doctors compared to private hospitals or national university hospitals and suffering financial debt. The number of patient with medical benefit was increasing in the medical center G, whereas it was decreasing in the medical center N. Patient satisfaction survey showed that the medical center G was scoring similar to the national average, whereas the medical center N was scoring slightly less than the average. Policies needed for development and efficient management of Regional public medical centers are clarification of Regional medical centers identity, modernization of medical equipment and facilities, recruitment of competent medical personnels, specialization of hospitals and establishment of stronger referral system. The regional medical centers should secure financial supports for public service from regional and national governments, and establish revenues from funerary service, leasing service, and national projects participation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.655-660
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• 1998

To produce blastocysts more efficiently, it is required to identity accurately the factors involving embryonic cleavage in the chemically defined medium. Effects of pyruvate, lactate, calcium and protein sources on early cleavage of bovine follicular oocytes were investigated. The percentage of IVF embryos cleaved to ${\geq}$ 2-cell or ${\geq}$ 8-cell was higher in pyruvate (+) and lactate (+) (48 or 14%) than in pyruvate (-) and lactate (-) (22% or 4%), than in pyruvate (+) and lactate (-) (28% or 5%) and than in pyruvate (-) and lactate (+) (40% or 10%). Lactate was more effective than pyruvate during early cleavage of bovine embryos in the chemically defined medium. The percentage of IVF embryo cleaved to ${\geq}$ 2-cell and ${\geq}$ 8-cell in calcium (-) (19 and 6%) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than in calcium (+) (78 and 45%). The percentage of embryos developed to ${\geq}$ 2-cell showed no significant (p < 0.05) difference among BSA, 1 and 20% FBS (57, 57 and 57%). Also the percentage of A grade embryos developed to ${\geq}$ 2-cell showed no significant (p < 0.05) difference among BSA, 1 and 20% FBS (40, 35 and 28%). The percentage of embryos developed to ${\geq}$ 8-cell showed no significant (p < 0.05) difference among BSA, 1 and 20% FBS (33, 23, and 22%). However, the percentage of A grade embryos developed to ${\geq}$ 8-cell in BSA (24%) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in 1 and 20% FBS (13 and 8%). The percentage of embryos developed to ${\geq}$ morula showed no significant (p < 0.05) difference among BSA, 1, 10 and 20% FBS (76, 76, 80 and 68%). The percentage of A grade embryos developed to ${\geq}$ morula in 10% FBS (59%) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than 20% FBS (43%). The percentage of embryos developed to blastocyst showed no significant (p < 0.05) difference among BSA, 1, 10 and 20% FBS (34, 41, 43 and 32%). However, the percentage of A grade embryos developed to ${\geq}$ blastocysts in 10% FBS (25%) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in 20% FBS (8%).

• BMB Reports
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.334-341
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• 2001

Even though three isotypes of thioredoxins (-f, -m and -h types) have been identified in a variety of plant cells, there are only a few reports on thioredoxin-h that were recently identified. In this study, a cDNA encoding a h-type of thioredoxin was isolated from a cDNA library of Chinese cabbage, and named here CTrx-h. An open reading frame of the gene contained a polypeptide of 133 amino acids with a conserved active center, WCGPC, which appeared in all of the thioredoxin proteins. A deduced amino acid sequence of the CTrx-h showed the highest sequence identity with those of Arabidopsis thioredoxin-h2 (75.2%) and thioredoxin-h5 (46.6%) proteins, but it shared a low sequence homology to other isotypes of plant thioredoxinm and thioredoxin-f. The CTrx-h protein that is expressed in E. coli represented not only an insulin reduction activity, but also electron transferring activity from NADPH to thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase. A genomic Southern blot analysis using the cDNA insert of CTrx-h revealed that the gene consisted of a small multigene family in Chinese cabbage genome. On the contrary to other thioredoxin-h proteins that were widely distributed in most tissues of the plant, the CTrx-h was predominantly expressed in flowers. The expression was very low in other tissues. The data of the Northern blot analysis suggests that the CTrx-h may have other functions in flower development or differentiation, in addition to its defensive role.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.904-912
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• 2015

There is a great deal of research interest regarding substitutes for antibiotics because of various obstacles to the efficacy and use of antibiotics. We isolated and analyzed diversity of microbiota which exhibited antibacterial activity against 23 pathogenic bacteria, to develop alternative agent of antibiotics. By investigating the microbiota from rocks on the seashore, we characterized and obtained various antibacterial material-producing bacteria. Thirty-one isolates belong to four genera and seven species, according to 16S rDNA sequence analysis, showed antibacterial activities against 23 pathogenic bacteria. The Identity of 16S rDNA sequences indicated three species of Bacillus, one species of Paenibacillus, one species of Pseudomonas and two species of Enterobacter. Two isolates were similar to Bacillus aerophilus, four isolates were similar to Bacillus pumilus, seven isolates were similar to Bacillus safensis, 15 isolates were similar to Paenibacillus polymyxa, respectively. In addition, one isolate was similar with Pseudomonas poae, one isolate was similar to Enterobacter asburiae, and one isolate was similar to Enterobacter ludwigii, respectively. Variations of antibacterial activity and level among the same species were indicated the diverse strains of isolates. Vibrio vulnificus showed the highest degree of growth inhibition by 29 isolates. Further studies regarding antibacterial materials and bacteria suggest that development of probiotic strains or alternative agents to antibiotics.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.193-206
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• 2004

예로부터 빛고을로 인식되었던 광주가 근세에 이르러 의병활동, 광주학생운동, 5\ulcorner18민주화운동, 아직도 끝나지 않은 이념전쟁으로만 비추어질 수도 있는 지역의 이미지를 재정립하고, 도시 경쟁력의 증대를 위한 방안으로 CI사업 추진계획을 수립하고 3개년에 걸쳐(1999～2001) CI전략 개발, CI디자인 개발, 문화상품 개발, 도시환경디자인 개발 등을 추진하였다. 최근 커뮤니케이션에 있어서 캐릭터는 정보의 시각화라는 측면에서 다른 그래픽 심볼에 비해 설득적이라 할 수 있고, 기존의 심볼의 이미지 보완적 보조심볼로서의 개념이 아닌 독자적인 영역이 구축되어야 하므로 광주광역시 캐릭터 개발은 Character Identity 차원에서 메인캐릭터와 이를 각각의 용도에 맞춰 응용전개시키는 이벤트 캐릭터, 브랜드캐릭터로 구분하여 유형에 따라 다르게 적용되어야 할 적용성 및 활용성에 중점을 두고 개발되었다. 광주광역시의 메인캐릭터 개발컨셉은 "빛"과 "생명"으로 결정된 TCI이념을 활용하는 것과 광주의 상징 요소로서 "무등산"을 활용하는 두 가지 방향에서 개발이 진행되었으며, 1999년 10월의 TCI 추진회의 1차선정을 시작으로 광주시민을 포함한 전국민 설문조사와 2000년 4월의 의회설명회에 이르기까지 다양한 방법을 통해 캐릭터 개발안에 대한 평가와 검토/수정과정을 거쳐 기본캐릭터를 완성하게 되었다. 이를 통해 본 광주광역시의 캐릭터는 중장기적으로 치밀하게 계획되고 실천되어야 하며 변화하는 환경에 효율적으로 대응하는 구체적이고 실천적인 연구평가와 접근방법에 대한 연구 등으로 그 지역의 특징적인 문화를 상품화시키려는 노력이 캐릭터개발을 토대로 뒤따라야 한다. 촉진, 중요 연구 주제의 도출 및 연구 진행 계획을 수립하고, 국제적 산학 협력 강화를 통해 공동 연구를 도출하는 자리를 마련함. $\textbullet$본 학술회의에서 발표된 논문들을 취합하여, 논문집 및 CD-ROM을 제작하여 세계적 수준의 연구 결과를 알리고 이 분야에 관련된 학문, 기술 발전에 큰 도움이 됨.emove effectively radioactivity with in Adsorbent. As cleaning heavy water adsorbent and drying on each condition (temperature for drying and hours for cleaning). Because there is something to return heavy water adsorbent by removing impurities within adsorbent when it is dried o high temperature. After operating, we have been applying this research to the way to dispose heavy water adsorbent. Through this we could reduce solid waste products and the expense of permanent disposal of radioactive waste products and also we could contribute nuclear power plant run safely. According to the result we could keep the best condition of radiation s

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.92-102
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• 2016

While there have many completions of large parks recently under development, there has been a dearth of quality assessments. Studies focused on post-evaluation have been made to resolve this, but most of these are biased toward user satisfaction after completion and therefore behaviour analysis has limitations on solving problemsduring the actual design implementation processes. Therefore, this study examined the internal phenomenon and structure of the implementation process of design competition through the ground theory and microscopic independent perspective. As a result, maintaining the identity and differentiation of parks derived from the preserved design competition scheme contributed greatly to completeness and satisfaction. Outcomes were mainly caused by the trust of public officials as the ordering organization, the will of policy decision-makers, and the competence of operational enterprises, etc. Negative factors such as undermining the whole concept of the park and landscape occurred as external pressure and related subjects intruded on change design factors due to variations in social conditions. Additionally, illogical construction processes occurred, such as a reinvestigation of the budget for restoration after damaging on original landscape. There have been needs for the improvement of the work processing system. On balance, an interventional role is very important in the park construction process, especially the PA and operation committee in terms of maintaining the basic direction, landscape design supervision for detailed designs, and expert construction management on LA in terms of rational work management in the field. The study, using the microscopic perspective of the designer and ground theory, deliver significant meaning as an early study by suggesting alternative methods for the after-evaluation of large parks and structurally looking into main influence factors driven during the construction process.