• 디자인학연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.479-486
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• 2004

20세기에는 물질과 분석적 디자인의 중시로 환경문제가 크게 대두되었다. 이제 21세기를 맞아 의미와 전체와의 조화의 개념이 중시되는 전일적 디자인방법이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 동양의 전일적 사고에 바탕한 21세기의 새로운 디자인패러다임과 디자인방법을 제시하는데 있다. 구체적인 연구의 내용으로는 '유ㆍ불ㆍ도교 등의 동양사상에서 나타나는 전일적 개념이 파악되고(4장)', '통일성, 조화성, 변화성을 중심으로 한 전일적사고의 주요가치들이 분석되었으며(5장)', 이를 바탕으로 새로운 디자인방법의 대안으로서 '첫째-대상관찰, 둘째-대상평가, 셋째-대상개선의 3단계로 구성된 전일적인 디자인프로세스가 제시되었다(6장)' 그리고 결론으로서 각 단계의 중심적 디자인가치가 아래와 같이 규명되었다. 대상관찰 단계-대상을 바라봄에 있어 분리보다는 '전일적 관점'을 중시한다. 대상평가-가치를 판단함에 있어 차별과 대립보다는 '화합과 조화를 중시' 한다. 대상개선-창조의 개념은 변증법적 발전(creation)보다는 '순환과 변용과정의 개선적 변화(process of transformation)'를 중시한다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.11-35
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• 2001

Many teachers report familiarity with and adherence to reform ideas, but their actual teaching practices do not reflect a deep understanding of reform. Given the challenges in implementing reform, this study intended to explore the breakdown that may occur between teachers' adoption of reform objectives and their successful incorporation of reform ideals. To this end, this study compared and contrasted the classroom social norms and sociomathematical norms of two United States second-grade teachers who aspired to implement reform. This study is an exploratory, qualitative, comparative case study. This study uses the grounded theory methodology based on the constant comparative analysis for which the primary data sources were classroom video recordings and transcripts. The two classrooms established similar social norms including an open and permissive learning environment, stressing group cooperation, employing enjoyable activity formats for students, and orchestrating individual or small group session followed by whole group discussion. Despite these similar social participation structures, the two classes were remarkably different in terms of sociomathematical norms. In one class, the students were involved in mathematical processes by which being accurate or automatic was evaluated as a more important contribution to the classroom community than being insightful or creative. In the other class, the students were continually engaged in significant mathematical processes by which they could develop an appreciation of characteristically mathematical ways of thinking, communi-eating, arguing, proving, and valuing. It was apparent from this study that sociomathematical norms are an important construct reflecting the quality of students' mathematical engagement and anticipating their conceptual learning opportunities. A re-theorization of sociomathematical norms was offered so as to highlight the importance of this construct in the analysis of reform-oriented classrooms.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2002

The nineteenth century was a watershed - the extreme point of difference in the style of fashion dress and in the roles men and women played in society. This conviction has its roots in the socioeconomic changes of the 19th century and the industrial revolution, and the new working bourgeoisie' value, fashion and taste were on the rise. The bourgeois, who was not considered as having infallible taste, was looking for its own style, while on the other hand it was competing with the nobility. Therefore bourgeois' own etiquette and taste were appeared. There was ideals which the middle classes were hungry for, and it became the basis of judging an individual. The bourgeois tried to get social approval and used fashion was the mean of it. Bourgeois women fashion has a funtion as a complete symbol of the status, wealth and leisure in a patriachal society. Not only the Bourgeois tried to control themselves and to achieve the virtue of moderation, chastity and obedience by the restrictive costume, but also extravagant and cumbersome dresses has a kind of compensative funtion against a sober and simple men's dress. There was a reformative movement to break out of the legal, economic and social restrictions within the confines of respectable Victorian Society. The process of reform was long and slow for not only did laws be changed but the barriers of prejudice in a society convinced of man s mental and physical superiority had to be overcome. But even though there were many difficulties, a small number of progressive women challenged the social recognition and role of women and decisively refused the restrictive and ostentative fashion. Victorian costume was also criticized in the medical and aesthetic aspect for their impracticality. As a result, more funtional and practical women's clothes has appeared, but it have resulted in a peculiar hybrid of traditional female attire in combination with the more uncomfortable aspects of men's clothes. However it was becoming an essential look for new women who were the equals of men and wanted to be treated as such.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 1985

D.K. Harrison [5] has shown that if R and S are fields of characteristic different from 2, then two Witt rings W(R) and W(S) are isomorphic if and only if W(R)/I(R)$^{3}$ and W(S)/I(S)$^{3}$ are isomorphic where I(R) and I(S) denote the fundamental ideals of W(R) and W(S) respectively. In [1], J.K. Arason and A. Pfister proved a corresponding result when the characteristics of R and S are 2, and, in [9], K.I. Mandelberg proved the result when R and S are commutative semi-local rings having 2 a unit. In this paper, we prove the result when R and S are 2-fold full rings. Throughout this paper, unless otherwise specified, we assume that R is a commutative ring having 2 a unit. A quadratic space (V, B, .phi.) over R is a finitely generated projective R-module V with a symmetric bilinear mapping B: V*V.rarw.R which is nondegenerate (i.e., the natural mapping V.rarw.Ho $m_{R}$ (V, R) induced by B is an isomorphism), and with a quadratic mapping .phi.:V.rarw.R such that B(x,y)=(.phi.(x+y)-.phi.(x)-.phi.(y))/2 and .phi.(rx)= $r^{2}$.phi.(x) for all x, y in V and r in R. We denote the group of multiplicative units of R by U(R). If (V, B, .phi.) is a free rank n quadratic space over R with an orthogonal basis { $x_{1}$, .., $x_{n}$}, we will write < $a_{1}$,.., $a_{n}$> for (V, B, .phi.) where the $a_{i}$=.phi.( $x_{i}$) are in U(R), and denote the space by the table [ $a_{ij}$ ] where $a_{ij}$ =B( $x_{i}$, $x_{j}$). In the case n=2 and B( $x_{1}$, $x_{2}$)=1/2, we reserve the notation [ $a_{11}$, $a_{22}$] for the space.the space.e.e.e.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.1323-1336
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• 2015

Let S be a semigroup with 0 and R be a ring with 1. We extend the definition of the zero-divisor graphs of commutative semigroups to not necessarily commutative semigroups. We define an annihilating-ideal graph of a ring as a special type of zero-divisor graph of a semigroup. We introduce two ways to define the zero-divisor graphs of semigroups. The first definition gives a directed graph ${\Gamma}$(S), and the other definition yields an undirected graph ${\overline{\Gamma}}$(S). It is shown that ${\Gamma}$(S) is not necessarily connected, but ${\overline{\Gamma}}$(S) is always connected and diam$({\overline{\Gamma}}(S)){\leq}3$. For a ring R define a directed graph ${\mathbb{APOG}}(R)$ to be equal to ${\Gamma}({\mathbb{IPO}}(R))$, where ${\mathbb{IPO}}(R)$ is a semigroup consisting of all products of two one-sided ideals of R, and define an undirected graph ${\overline{\mathbb{APOG}}}(R)$ to be equal to ${\overline{\Gamma}}({\mathbb{IPO}}(R))$. We show that R is an Artinian (resp., Noetherian) ring if and only if ${\mathbb{APOG}}(R)$ has DCC (resp., ACC) on some special subset of its vertices. Also, it is shown that ${\overline{\mathbb{APOG}}}(R)$ is a complete graph if and only if either $(D(R))^2=0,R$ is a direct product of two division rings, or R is a local ring with maximal ideal m such that ${\mathbb{IPO}}(R)=\{0,m,m^2,R\}$. Finally, we investigate the diameter and the girth of square matrix rings over commutative rings $M_{n{\times}n}(R)$ where $n{\geq} 2$.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2013

방사선(학)과 학생들이 임상실습 시 경험할 수 있는 스트레스 요인을 분석하여 효율적인 임상실습교육과 개선에 도움을 주고자 본 연구를 진행하였다. 연구방법은 부산 경남 지역 5개 대학 방사선학과 학생들 중 임상실습을 경험한 학생을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 5가지 스트레스 항목 중 환경요인이 가장 높은 스트레스 원으로 나타났으며, 다음으로 이상과 가치, 역할 및 활동 순으로 나타났다. 또한 일상에서 느끼는 스트레스보다 임상실습 시 느끼는 스트레스가 더 높게 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 임상실습 스트레스를 줄인다면 학생들의 임상실습 만족도를 높이는데 기여하는 것은 물론 임상실습의 질 또한 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1714-1722
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• 2006

미국내 9살과 14살 사이의 여학생과 어머니와의 관계가 여학생의 신체이미지와 육체만족도(Body Satisfaction)에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구이다. 총 41쌍의 여학생과 어머니가 미국의 노스 캐로라이나에 위치한 $[TC^2]$에 의뢰하여 리쿠르트 되었다. 참가자들은 우선 미국 질병관리 및 방지국(CDC)의 자료를 바탕으로 그들의 BMI 점수를 바탕으로 보통체중과 과체중으로 나누어졌다. Stunkard, Sorenson, and Schulsinger (1983)의 9개의 신체이미지 그림을 사용하여 어머니와 딸의 각자의 이상화된 신체이미지(Ideal Body Image), 상대방의 이상화된 신체이미지, 각자의 신체에 대한 만족도, 그리고 서로의 신체에 대한 만족도를 연구하였다. 논의 및 결론부분으로 과체중 여학생과 그들의 어머니의 서로간의 신체이미지 만족도가 보통체중의 여학생과 그들의 어머니의 신체이미지 만족도에 비해 현저히 낮았고, 상대방에 대한 신체이미지 만족도 또한 현저히 낮았다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.263-277
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• 2000

mathematics holds a key position among the subject-matters of school education. Nevertheless, beyond Its Instrumental one, humanity-educational value of mathematics for the general public has been under estimated. For the past fifty years, in the our country there has not been enough systematic and profound examination and discussion concerning the goals of mathematics education in order to establish the philosophy of mathematics education. Thus, in this thesis we argue how mathematics education could contribute to the humanity education. For this, we examine how western educational theorists have emphasized the value of mathematics as humanity education and how their theories have been reflected in the goals of the modern mathematics education. First of all, we discuss Platonism as a philosophical basis of the traditional mathematics teaching mainly with Euclid's "Elements" since the ancient Greece and the relationship between mathematics education and humanity education in the light of this traditional thought. Next, we examine the thoughts of Pestalozzi, Harbert, Froebel who provided the theoretical basis for the public education since 19th century, and discuss the value of mathematics teaching in their humanistic educational thoughts. Also we examine the humanistic value of mathematics education in Dewey's educational philosophy, which criticized the traditional western ethics and epistemology, and established instrumen talism. Further, we analyze how such a philosophy of mathematics teaching is reflected mathematics education of 20th century, and confirm that the formation of Dewey's rational intelligence is one of the central aims of mathematics education of late 20th century. Finally, we discuss the ideals of humanistic mathematics education ; develop ment of the rational intelligence via 'doing knowledge'and change of mind via 'looking knowledge'. In this paper identify the humanistic values of mathematics education through the historical examination of the philosophies of mathematics education, and we could find significance as a fundamental study for one of the most important problems which Korean mathematics educational society confronts, that is establishing the philosophy of mathematics education.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.61-75
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• 1998

The Unite d'Habitation at Marseilles was an experimental project that Le Corbusier had been waiting for since 1920s in order to explore his ideals and visions in mass housing and city planning. As a leader of the first generation members in CIAM, Le Corbusier tried to give a new form and an order to the Unite d'Habitation at Marseilles in both building design and city planning level. The purpose of this research is to investigate the design characteristics of the Unite d'Habitation at Marseilles in three different levels of built environment with a particular emphasis on the process through which an original form is derived from its contextual settings. In the level of city planning, Le Corbusier aimed to reshape traditional low-rise urban housing by deploying several Unites spaciously. Le Corbusier believed that the spacious deployment of Unites would bring us both the functional economy in the city and the natural amenity in the suburbs. As Unite d'Habitation would be called frequently as vertical garden city, the influence of suburban garden city on Unite d'Habitation is apparent. In the building level, the binomial harmony of individual-collectivity was pursued by providing three different public floors and by combining 23 different family unit types in the Unite d'Habitation at Marseilles. In order to visualize the concept of object-type, family units were prefabricated and inserted into the structural frame of the Unite d'Habitation at Marseilles. Two family units are combined to make a three-story section with street corridor in the middle. This three-story section unit is very original as it has access corridor every third floor and each unit could have considerable depth with the help of the living space of two story height. In consideration of formal and plan similarity as well as contextual edivdence, it is concluded that the three-story section of the Unite d'Habitation is derived more from Narkomfin Apartments than from the monastery at Ema or Immuble Villas.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2013

국경을 넘어선 개인정보의 수집, 처리 및 이전이 일상화되고 있는 가운데, 온라인 정보보호 및 프라이버시에 관한 정책은 크게 두 가지 기조로 나누어지고 있다. EU로 대표되는 인권 기반 접근의 경우 개인의 프라이버시권을 보호하기 위해 기업이 따라야 할 엄격한 요건을 국가가 마련해 부여하고 있는 반면, 다국적 ICT기업이 다수 포진하고 있는 미국의 경우 온라인상의 자유로운 데이터 이동에 초점을 맞춘 업계의 자율규제를 중시한다. 국가 및 지역별로 다르게 나타나고 있는 온라인 정보보호와 프라이버시 정책을 어떻게 조율할 것인가에 대해 두 가지 입장이 상충하는 사례가 잦아지고 있는 상황 속에서, ISO/IEC와 같은 국제 표준화 기구의 합의된 조율 절차를 통해 국제 표준을 개발함으로써 실질적인 해결책을 모색할 수 있다.