• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.486-490
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• 1998

The present study examined the follicular populations prior to and during superovulation and investigated their relationship with superovulatory response in crossbred cattle. Eleven animals were administered i.m. 8 doses of Folltropin of 2.5 ml each (1.75 mg/ml) spread over 4 days beginning on Day 10 of oestrous cycle, and 30 and 20 mg Lutalyse was given alongwith the 5th and 6th injections of Folltropin, respectively, to induce luteolysis. The animals were artificially inseminated 48, 60 and 72 h after the first Lutalyse injection. The number of corpora lutea (CL) was recorded by palpation per rectum and embryos were recovered non-surgically on Day 6 (Day 0 day of superoestrus). The ovarian follicular population was examined by transrectal Ultrasonography 15 h prior to and 52 h after the first FSH injection, and then on the day of superoestrus and the day of flushing. The follicles were classfied on the basis of diameter as small (3-5 mm), medium (6-9 mm) and large (${\geq}10mm$). The total number of follicles increased significantly (p < 0.01) from $2.45{\pm}0.35$, 15 h prior to the first FSH injection to $8.09{\pm}1.12$, 52 h after the first FSH injection and then further to $13.27{\pm}1.89 $ on the day of superoestrus. A positive correlation was observed between the number of small follicles 15 h prior to the first FSH injection (r = 0.60, p < 0.05), the number of large follicles 52 h after the first FSH injection (r=0.59, p < 0.05) and the number of CL. The follicular population prior to and during superovulation was, however, not significantly different between high (> 6 CL) and low responders (${\leq}6CL$). The present study suggests that the follicular populations undergo dynamic changes during superovulation and that follicular populations prior to superovulation have a limited application as an indicator of the superovulatory response.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2007

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of TI-201 SPECT with intra coronary injection (lC-I) in the detection of viable myocardium, we have performed SPECT imaging after direct intracoronary injection of TI-201 and images were compared with those of stress-reinjection (Re-I) SPECT. Methods: Fourteen coronary artery disease patients (male 11, mean age 54 years) who had myocardial infarction or demonstrated left ventricular wall motion abnormality on echocardiography were enrolled. Three mCi of TI-201 was injected into both coronary arteries during angiography and images were acquired between 6- and 24-hour after injection. Reinjection imaging with 1 mCi of TI-201 was performed at 4-hour after adenosine stress imaging with 3 mCi of TI-201. Images were interpreted according to 4-grade visual scoring system (grade 0-3). Segments with mild to moderated uptake (${\leq}$grade 1), and upgraded more than one score with reinjection, and were defined as viable myocardium. Results: Image quality was poor in two cases with IC-I. Numbers of non-viable segments were 60 (23.8%) with IC-I, and 38 (15.1%) with Re-I, respectively. Overall agreement for perfusion grade per myocardial segment in each IC-I and Re-I was 76.5%. Overall agreement for viable segment between IC-I and Re-I was 90.5%. Only one out of 38 segments interpreted as non-viable with Re-I were interpretated as viable with IC-I. And 23 out of 214 segments interpreted as viable with Re-I were interpreted as non-viable with IC-I. Conclusion: Intracoronary TI-201 SPECT seemed to be not advantageous over stress-rest reinjection imaging in the assessment of myocardial viability, mainly due to low count statistics at 6-hour or 24-hour delayed time points. The feasibility of intracoronary TI- 201 SPECT is considered to be limited.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1736-1743
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• 2011

This paper reports the peripheral and central effect of corticosterone on feed intake and hypothalamic corticotropinreleasing hormone (CRH) gene expression in chicks fed a high energy diet. Three experiments were conducted: corticosterone was supplemented to the feed (30 mg/kg diet), injected subcutaneously (s.c., 4 mg/kg body weight) or intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v., 4 ng). The results showed that dietary corticosterone significantly increased feed intake. The s.c. corticosterone administration increased feed intake within 1 to 3 h and at 1 to 5 h after the injection. The i.c.v. corticosterone administration increased feed intake within 1 h after the injection, but not at 1 to 3 h. Dietary supplementation and s.c. injection of corticosterone decreased the CRH gene expression in the hypothalamus. Therefore, peripheral corticosterone exerted a decreased effect on hypothalamic CRH mRNA levels, and corticosterone had a stimulating effect on feed intake in broiler chicks fed a high energy diet.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1982-1988
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• 2002

Micro-injection molding and microfluidic devices with the help of MEMS technologies including the LIGA process are expected to play important roles in micro-system industries, in particular the bio-application industry, in the near future. Understanding fluid flows in micro-channels is important since micro-channels are typical geometry in various microfluidic devices and mold inserts for micro-injection molding. In the present study, Part 1, an experimental investigation has been carried out to understand the detailed flow phenomena in micro-channel filling process. Three sets of micro-channels of different thickness (40um,30um and 2011m) were fabricated using SU-8 on silicon wafer substrate. And a flow visualization system was developed to observe the filling flow into the micro-channels. Experimental flow observations are extensively made to find the effects of pressure, inertia force, viscous force and surface tension. A dimensional analysis for experimental results was carried out and several relationships A dimensionless parameters are obtained.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.363-369
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• 2011

The present study elucidated the effect of the selective inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor $N^6$-(1-iminoethyl)-L-lysine (L-NIL) on monosodium urate (MSU) crystal-induced inflammation and edema in mice feet. L-NIL (5 or 10 mg/kg/day) was administered intraperitoneally 4 h before injection of MSU (4 mg) into the soles of mice hindlimb feet. Twenty-four hours after MSU injection, foot thickness was increased by 160% and L-NIL pretreatment reduced food pad swelling in a dose dependent manner. Pretreatment of 10 mg/kg/day L-NIL significantly suppressed the foot pad swelling by MSU. Plasma level of nitric oxide (NO) metabolites and gene expression and protein level of iNOS in feet were increased by MSU, which was suppressed by L-NIL pretreatment. Similar pattern of change was observed in nitrotyrosine level. MSU increased the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ and interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ and L-NIL pretreatment suppressed MSU-induced cytokines expression. The mRNA levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase1 were increased by MSU and L-NIL pretreatment normalized the gene expression. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 was increased by MSU, which was suppressed by L-NIL pretreatment. The mRNA levels of iNOS, TNF-${\alpha}$, and IL-$1{\beta}$ were increased by MSU in human dermal fibroblasts, C2C12 myoblasts, and human fetal osteoblasts in vitro, which was attenuated by L-NIL in a dose dependent manner. This study shows that L-NIL inhibits MSU-induced inflammation and edema in mice feet suggesting that iNOS might be involved in MSU-induced inflammation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.60-63
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• 2009

Manufacturing technologies of micro spur gear and micro mold by micro PIM were studied with stainless steel feedstock. For molding of gears, micro mold with gear cavity of 1.2 mm in diameter was produced by wire EDM. The proper injection pressure was selected to 70bar by observation and measuring of shapes and shrinkage of gears before/after sintering. For fabrication of micro mold, a tiny polymer gear was produced by injection into the mold. Then, 316L feedstock was again injected/compressed on the polymer gear and debinded together with polymer gear followed by sintering. As a result, another metal mold with gear cavity reduced to about 20% was fabricated and through repetition of this process chain, micro gear mold with cavity about below 800 um was finally obtained. In reduction of size by injection/compression molding, height of gear tooth was shrunk more and the effort for decrease of roughness of micro cavity were carried out ultrasonic polishing and as a result, the roughness in cavity decreased from 3-4 um to about 200 nm.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 1996

This experiment was undertaken to investigate spray characteristics of the conventional inject ion system and the ultrasonic energy added inject ion system. Sauter mean diameter was mesured under the variation of inject ion pressure and the spray distance. To measure the droplet size we used the Malvern system 2600C. The spray angle and mass distribution was analyzed to the CCD camera and the patternater. After experiment, it was found that the ultrasonic energy added injection system had smaller sauter men diameter of droplet, wider mass distribution and wider spray angle than the conventional inject ion system had.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.40-46
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• 2001

Two-dimensional steady flowfields generated by slot injection into supersonic flow are numerically simulated by the integration of Navier-stokes equation with two-equation κ-turbulence model. High-order upwind scheme is used on unstructured adaptive meshes. The numerical results are compared with experimental data in terms of surface static pressure distributions, the length of the upstream separation region, and the height of the Mach surface for steady flowfields with a Mach number of 3.71 and a unit Reynolds number of 5.83×10/sup 6//m.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.156-161
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• 2015

This paper described the effect of dual clutch transmissions on the stability emissions characteristic in a GDI engine at vehicle Inspection and Maintenance(I/M) program. In order to investigate the influence of direct injection gasoline engine with DCT, the experimental apparatus consisted of GDI engine with 4 cylinder, dynamometer and exhaust emissions analyzer. Analyzed emission gas include CO, HC and NOx results that DCT vehicle in the case of NOx, HC in automatic transmission vehicles less than 1/2 level was confirmed to be exhausted. However vehicle specific power increases CO also has increased.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1029-1033
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose a new Suppressed Sidewall Injection Magnetotransistor(SSIMT) architecture, which allows to overcome the restriction of the standard CMOS technology and achieve high linearity. The proposed SSIMT is designed based on the Hynix 0.6 um standard CMOS technology. The fabricated SSIMT has been experimentally verified. The SSIMT shows that the change of collector current is extremely linear as a function of the magnetic induction at $I_{B}$ =500$\mu$A, $V_{CE}$ =2V and VSE =5 V. The relative sensitivity is up to 120 %/T. The magnetic conversion offset is about 79 mT with 30.5 %/T relative sensitivity. The nonlinearity of the fabricated SSIMT is measured about 1.4 %.%.