• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제5권
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• pp.281-306
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• 1996

A study on the effect of the Sun-Moon-Stars(日月星辰) in Huang Ti Nei Ching("黃帝內經") on the formation of the Yunqi theory(運氣理論) have revealed following conclusions. 1. There was a record of Stars(星辰) written by Gabgol-Character(甲骨文字) in the Yin(殷) Dynasty. But the very first documentary records of Stars(星辰) is Shu Jing("書經"). Ancient astronomy had the tendency of astrology of combined with theory of the Five Elements(五行) and finally effects the theory of formation of Huang Ti Nei Ching("黃帝內經"). 2. Shu Jing("書經") said that Junrak(錢樂) made an Armillary sphere(運天儀) in the Sung(宋) Dynasty. And in the Jin(秦) and the Han(漢) Dynasty, they already observed the stars. The Sunkiokhyung(璿機玉衡) which is machinery of star-observing, became to be called an Armillary sphere (運天儀) by the pass of times. 3. As of the theory of the Cosmos-structure(宇宙-構造論) in Ohanunhangdaeron("五運行大論"), Guiyugu(鬼兒區) announced the Hypothesis of Covering Heaven(蓋天說) but Kibak(岐伯) supported the Hypothesis of chaosheven's(蓋天說) and in the theory of atmosphere(大氣論) in Ohanunhangdaeron("五運行大論") said that the earth was in Great Empty(太虛) and it was floating in the universe by the Great Chi(大氣). 4. The knowledge about the Five stars(五星) in Huang Ti Nei Ching("黃帝內經") is presented in the section of Gemgwejineonron("金?眞言論"), Gigoupyondaeron("氣交變大論"), Youkwonjeonggidaeron("六元正紀大論").ln the method of identifying the Five stars(五星) presented the criteria of the brightness, the altitude, the colours and the orbit etc. 5. The jupiter which has twelve year's revolution cycle was the basis of determination on the Twelve constellation(12辰), the Twelve field of heaven(12次), the Twelve Houses in the ecliptic(黃道 12宮), the Twelve Earth's Branches(12支) and the Twelve fields of Earth(12分野) and also it became the origin of the duodecimals(12進法). 6. The saturn having about twenty-eight year's revolution cycle became the criterion in identifying the Twenty Eight Constellations(28宿) which was used as the coordinates of the Celestial sphere (天球). 7. By the Percussional movement(歲差運動), the position of polaris and the Vernal-Antumal equinox(春秋分点) were shifted. Therefore the ancient the Heaven Gate-Earth Door(天門-地戶) changed from the position of Sil-Byuk(室壁), Yik-Jin(翼軫). And the precisional movements brought about the concept of the WunHoyYunSe(元會運世) that is a method of dividing a period. Also the precisional movement gave three dimension(三次元) foundation interpreted the Sixty JiaZi (六十甲子) which is revolving through sixty years uniformally. 8. The Hypothesis of the Nine Houses and Eight Winds(九宮八風論) which is one field of the astrology of ancient polaris-nine Houses divination plate(太一九宮占盤) brought about the concept of deficiency and excess and the concept of the Wind Vice(風邪). In the Calendar System(曆法) presented in Huang Ti Nei Ching("黃帝內經") the tropical year of the Sun-Moon-Stars(日月星辰) and the revolution and the rotation of the earth give explanations the changes of Yin-Yang(陰陽) by the use of the ten Celestial branches(十干) and the twelve Earth branches(十二支).

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.596-611
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• 2004

과학학습에서 인지갈등은 개념변화의 중요한 필요조건으로 인식되고 있다. 그러나 아직까지 인지갈등 유형 중 어떤 갈등 유형이 과학학습과정에서 건설적인 갈등유형인가를 제안한 연구는 찾아보기 힘들다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 16명의 고등학생을 대상으로 작용 반작용의 법칙과 관련된 불일치 현상(선풍기-수레 문제)을 제시 한 후, 인지갈등의 불안요인 반응에 초점을 맞추어 인지갈등의 불안유형을 구분하고, 불안유형에 따라 학생이 제안하는 설명가설의 특징을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구결과 인지갈등의 불안 요인 반응에 대한 높 낮이에 따라 각각 네 가지 유형의 불안 유형을 확인하였으며, 각 불안유형에 따른 설명가설의 특징과 과학수업에서 인지갈등 수업전략을 적용할 때 중요하게 고려해야할 불안유형의 특성을 논의하였다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.128-142
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• 2011

이 연구의 목적은 과학적인 문제를 해결하기 위하여 가설을 형성하는 상황에서 최초로 상정된 가설들이 어떤 정교화 과정을 거쳐 더욱 발전하게 되는지 탐색하는 것이었다. 이를 위하여 예비 초등 교사들이 조를 이루어 지구과학의 귀추적 탐구 과제를 해결하는 상황에서 자료를 수집하여 분석하였다. 그 결과, 예비 교사들의 가설 정교화 과정을 크게 '이론에 의해 유도되는 과정'과 '증거에 의해 유도되는 과정'으로 나누어 볼 수 있었다. 이론유도과정은 다시 '내적 정합성'과 '외적 정합성'을 추구하는 경우로 구분되었으며, 증거유도과정은 '직접 증거'에 의한 것과 '간접 증거' 또는 '유사 증거'에 의한 것으로 구분되었다. 또, 각각의 경우에 잘못된 이론이나 그릇된 증거에 의해 가설이 수정되어지는 사례도 발견되었다. 이러한 연구 결과가 과학 교육과 관련 연구에 시사하는 바를 논의하였다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.70-78
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• 2021

It is true that the police have been faithful to the role of the regime's sewer and committed many disruptions and errors, and have been criticized and criticized by the public. It should now be the foundation of the democratic police and an organization supported by the people. The problem is that the quality, personality, and values of 130,000 police officers should be changed and should be in line with the spirit of the times. One of the theories of police corruption is the "rotten apple hypothesis." The theory is that there is a high possibility that the entire police force will be corrupted, as if the defective apple in the apple box is rotten and the whole apple is rotten, without filtering out potential corrupt police officers during the recruitment phase. In other words, the cause of corruption is based on personal flaws. This study intends to analyze the causes of police corruption and improvement measures. The purpose of this study is to ensure that police officers in charge of national security are usually armed with ethics and good conduct. The police should be trusted by the people and need a stronger prescription for police corruption. In this respect, this study aims to solve the corruption problem of police officials, analyze anti-corruption, and find out what are the desirable countermeasures. The main study methods of this study are as follows; First, we first tried to collect data through research on corruption-related literature. The analysis was focused on the related papers of police corruption and government reports. Second, police corruption theory and anti-corruption alternatives were analyzed. It was reviewed focusing on the theory of corruption or translated data. Third, a literature survey was analyzed to examine the National Police Agency's perception of police corruption. Based on these research methods, we tried to derive the desirable control measures for the hypothesis of police corruption. This study is believed to have contributed to supporting the organizational corruption and culture of the apple box, including the personality of the individual's values, which is a rotten apple theory of police corruption.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2022

본 연구는 체험경제이론을 반영한 북큐레이션 교육 프로그램을 개발, 실행한 후에 프로그램에 대한 인식이 지각된 가치와 지속적 참여 의도에 미치는 영향력을 분석하려는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서 개발한 북큐레이션 교육 프로그램은 체험경제이론에 따른 4가지 요소 즉, 오락적 경험, 교육적 경험, 현실 도피적 경험, 심미적 경험을 교수·학습 활동에 반영하였다. 이 연구는 프로그램의 효과를 측정하기 위해 프로그램에 참여한 195명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 이를 분석한 결과, 연구가설 1(북큐레이션 교육 프로그램의 경험에 대한 인식이 프로그램의 지각된 가치에 영향을 미친다)은 심미적 경험과 오락적 경험이 유의한 것으로 나타났으며, 연구가설 2(북큐레이션 교육 프로그램의 경험에 대한 인식이 지속적 참여 의도에 영향을 미친다)는 교육적 경험을 제외한 다른 모든 요인이 유의미한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.147-160
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• 1990

Family researchers had devoted little attention to Choice, Exchange theory by the time 1960. Being anchored by Thibaut & kelley(1959), this theory becomes one of the most widely used theoretical frameworks for family research. Waller's(1938) famous rating-dating hypothesis was intrinsically an exchange formulation. Blood and Wolfe(1960) employed the concept of rewards in their theory of family power. Farber(1964) also used the reward concept in his theory of permanent availability. Heer's(1964) specific application of its concepts to spousal power was among its earliest uses in the family. The general principle or most general proposition of the theory is that humans avoid costly behavior and seek rewarding statuses, to the end maxmize profits. This review will attempt to show that Choice, Exchange theory is applicable to the several arenas of family interaction and that it can provide an explanation for family behavior. Subjects such as mate selection, marital unstability, family cohesion, spousal power, the problems of aged, family co-unseling, and so on are included. By discussing research findings from a perspective of rewrds and costs this review will show that the application of the theory is not limited to one or two substative specialities with in the family domain. After all Choice, Exchange theory is truly general and can be productively applied to any domain of human behavior.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.823-840
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• 2012

과학교육과정에서 과학의 본성은 교육의 중심에 있었으며, 특히 과학영재교육에서의 중요성은 더욱 크다고 할 수 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 과학영재들의 과학의 본성에 대한 개념구조가 어떻게 형성되어있는지의 연구는 많지 않다. 이 연구에서는 언어 네트워크 분석법을 통해 중학교 과학영재의 사실, 가설, 이론, 법칙 그리고 과학적인 것의 의미에 대한 이들의 인식을 탐색하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 연구 목적 달성을 위해 개방형 검사지에서 얻은 응답들을 언어 네트워크 분석법을 통해 분석하였다. 연구 참여자들의 총 110명의 대학부설 과학영재교육원 소속 중학교 과학영재들이 연구에 참여하였으며 이들의 응답에 의해 5가지의 언어 네트워크를 얻었다. 네트워크 분석결과 이들이 인식하고 있는 사실은 증명여부와 실제성 문제, 가설은 잠정성과 불확실성, 이론은 실험에 의해 증명된 가설이라는 통념, 법칙은 절대성과 권위를 상징하는 언어들, 과학적인 것은 사실근거, 증명 가능여부, 정확하고 논리적인 이론체계 동반을 가장 중요한 인식의 핵으로 하고 있었다. 통합네트워크 분석결과, 연구에 참여한 중학교 과학영재들은 절대주의적이고 논리-실증주의적인 과학관을 형성하고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구에 활용된 언어 네트워크 분석법은 학습자의 보이지 않는 특정 내용을 어떤 방식으로 인식하여 개념구조를 형성하고 있는지 시각화하고, 학습자 개개인 및 지식별 통합적 정신모형을 구축하는데 유용할 것으로 기대된다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2017

This paper explores the impact of corporate control, measured by ownership structure, on top-executives' compensation in Japan. According to agency theory, the pay-performance link is expected to be affected by the firm's ownership structure. Using a sample of 4,411 firm-year observations (401 firms for the 11-years period from 2001 to 2011) for Japanese non-financial firms publicly traded on the first section and second section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE), this study demonstrates that institutional ownership (both financial and corporate) is negatively related to the level of executives' compensation. Such finding is in line with efficient monitoring hypothesis which claims that the presence of institutional shareholders provides direct monitoring over managers, limits managerial self-dealing and curves the increase in top-executives pay. On the other hand, the results also show that managerial ownership is positively related to their compensation which supports managerial power theory hypothesis, i.e. management-controlled firms are more likely to extract more compensation from the business than other firms. Overall, this study confirms that corporate control has significant impact on cash compensation paid to Japanese top-executives after controlling the conventional pay-performance relationship.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2020

The condition of mining companies that exploit natural resources in their business processes underline this research to emphasize on social and environmental issues. After twelve years of government regulation on CSR practices, this study investigates the factors that influence mining companies in disclosing information about corporate social responsibility based on legitimacy, stakeholders, and agency theory. Thus, independent variables are foreign ownership, company size, leverage, and the board of commissioners. The dependent variable is the corporate social reporting disclosure that is measured using GRI indexing. For sampling, we have used thirty-four Indonesian mining companies listed in IDX during the 2014-2018. out of which only fifty-two companies meet the sample criteria. All data should pass the classical assumption test to get the best estimator. Multiple linear regression is used to test the hypothesis, and the results show that the model is good, and can explain 60% of the dependent variable. Based on F-test, all four variables affect CSR practices simultaneously. The findings of this study suggest that foreign ownership and firm size influences CSR disclosure in a positive direction. However, this study did not support the hypothesis that leverage negatively affects CSR disclosure and board size measures positively affect CSR disclosure.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.23-50
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• 2020

Purpose As information management grows in importance around the world, organizations are investing in information security technology. However, the higher the level of information security technology in an organization, the higher the techno-stress of employees. The purpose of this study is to suggest stress factors related to information security technology that affect the reduction of employees' intention to comply with information security and to suggest ways to alleviate stress. Design/methodology/approach The research presented a model for mitigating technical stress related to information security based on technical stress theory and person-organization fit theory. 346 questionnaire data were analyzed from the members of the organization who applied the information security technology, and the research hypothesis was verified through the structural equation modeling. Findings The hypothesis test confirms that security-related techno-stress reduces the information security compliance intention of employees, organizational technical support mitigates technical stress, and person-organization fitness mitigates the negative relationship between techno-stress and compliance intention. The results of the study contribute to the organization's strategy for minimizing the reduction of the information security compliance intention of employees, and are meaningful in that the theoretical basis for mitigating techno-stress is provided in the field of information security.