• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.409-416
• /
• 2000

Objective : In order to study effects of Chungsanggyuntong-tang on Hyperlipidemia which causes Hypertension, Arteriosclerosis, Cerebral vascular disease and Ischemic heart disease Methods : The changes of serum total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, body weight and organ weight were observed after the liquid extracts of Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang and Double-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang were administered p.o to the Hyperlipidemic rats induced by 1% cholesterol diet for 10, 20 and 30 days. Results : The food consumption and the body weight were significantly decreased in both Chungsanggyuntong-tang group compared with control group, except Double-dosage 30days. The contents of total lipid were significantly decreased in Double-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group for 20, 30 days, but Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group did not show any significant change compared with control group. The contents of total cholesterol were decreased in Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group and Double-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group, but did not show any significant changes compared with control group. The contents of triglyceride were significantly decreased in Double-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group for 10, 30 days, but Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group did not show significant changes compared with control group. The contents of HDL-cholesterol were significantly increased in Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group for 10 days compared with control group. The contents of LDL-cholesterol were significantly decreased in both Chungsanggyuntong-tang group for 10 and 30 days compared with control group. The liver and spleen weight were significantly increased in control group compared with normal group. The liver weight was significantly decreased in Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group compared with control group. The liver, spleen and kidney weight were significantly decreased in Double-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang group compared with control group. Conclusions : It was thought that Single-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang and Double-dosage Chungsanggyuntong-tang could be applied effectively to the Hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.1163-1169
• /
• 2007

Effects of Sotosaja hwan on Blood Glucose, Hyperlipidemia, Polyol Pathway and Antioxidative Mechanism in ob/ob Mouse Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Etiological studies of diabetes and its complications showed that oxidative stress might play a major role. Therefore, many efforts have been tried to regulate free oxygen radicals for treating diabetes and its complications. Sotosaja-hwan has been known to be effective for the antiaging and composed of four crude herbs. In male ob/ob mouse in severe obesity, hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia, which are features of NIDDM, the hyperglycemic activites and mechanisms of Sotosaja-hwan were examined. Mice were grouped and treated for 5 weeks as follows. Both the lean (C57/BL6J black mice) and diabetic (ob/ob mice) control groups received standard chow. The experimental groups were fed with a diet of chow supplemented with 30 and 90 mg Sotosaja-hwan per 1 kg of body weight for 14 days. The effects of Sotosaja-hwan extract on the ob/ob mice were observed by measuring the serum levels of glucose, insulin, lipid components, and the kidney levels of superoxide anion radical $({\cdot}O_2)$, MDA+HAE, GSH/GSSG ratio, and also the enzyme activities involved in polyol pathway. Sotosaja-hwan lowered the levels of serum glucose and insulin in a dose dependent manner. Total cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acid levels were decreased, while the HDL-cholesterol level was increased, in Sotosaja-hwan treated groups. Renal aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities were increased in the ob/ob mice, whereas those were inhibited in the Sotosaja-hwan-administered groups. Sotosaja-hwan inhibited the generation of ${\cdot}O_2$ in the kidney. Finally, MDA+HAE levels was increased and GSH/GSSG ratio was decreased in the ob/ob mice, whereas those were improved in the Sotosaja-hwan-administered groups. Sotosaja-hwan showed the antidiabetic and anti hyperlipidemic activities by regulating the activities of polyol pathway enzymes, scavenging reactive oxygen species and reducing the MDA+HAE levels in the ob/ob mice.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.139-158
• /
• 1998

In order to study the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of Evening primrose, the changes of body weight, serum total cholesterol, serum HDL-cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum LDL-cholesterol, serum total lipid and organ weight were observed after the liquid extracts of Single-dosage Evening primrose and Double-dosage Evening primrose were administered p.o to the hypercholestemic and hypertriglyceremic rats induced by 1% cholesterol diet during 10, 20, 30 days. The result were summarized as follows ; 1. The contents of body weight compared with control group was significantly decreased in single-dosage Evening primrose group during 10, 30 days and in double-dosage Evening primrose group did not show significant value. 2. The contents of serum total cholesterol with control group tend to be decreased in single-dosage Evening primrose group, but did not show significant value. Double-dosage Evening primrose group showed significant value during 20, 30 days. 3. The contents of serum HDL-cholesterol compared with control group was significantly increased in single-dosage Evening primrose group during 10, 20, 30 days. Double-dosage Evening primrose group showed significantly value during 30 days. 4. The contents of serum triglyceride compared with control group was significantly decreased in single-dosage Evening primrose group during 10, 30 days. Double-dosage Evening primrose group showed significant value during 20 days. 5. The contents of serum LDL-cholesterol compared with control group was significantly decreased in single-dosage Evening primrose group during 10 days. Double-dosage Evening primrose group showed significant value during 10, 20, 30 days. 6. The contents of serum total lipid compared with control group was significantly decreased in single-dosage Evening primrose group during 20 days. Double-dosage Evening primrose group showed significant value during 20, 30 days. 7. The contents of liver weight compared with control group was significantly decreased in single-dosage Evening primrose group and double-dosage Evening primrose group. The contents of kidney weight compared with control group was significantly decreased in single-dosage Evening primrose group. The contents of spleen weight compared with control group was significantly decreased in single-dosage Evening primrose group and double-dosage Evening primrose group. The contents of testis weight compared with control group tend to decreased in single-dosage Evening primrose group and double-dosage Evening primrose group, put did not show a significant value. From the above results, it was thought that Evening primrose could be applied effectively to the Hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.20 no.10
• /
• pp.1476-1482
• /
• 2010

The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of swimming training on response of lipid peroxide (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity of hyperlipidemic rats. Twenty-five male SD rats (6 weeks old) were randomly divided into a control group and 4 swimming groups after hyperlipidemia induction for 4 weeks through a 1% cholesterol diet. Swimming groups were then divided into unloaded swimming group, low-loaded swimming group, moderate-loaded swimming group and high-loaded swimming group by swimming intensity, and made to swim for 6 weeks (6 days/week). The loaded swimming group rats among the swimming groups swam a lead weight equivalent to 0%, 3%, 5% and 7% of body weight attached to the base of the tail. All data were expressed as mean and standard deviation by using an SPSS/$PC^+$ program, and to evaluate the differences between groups, data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Duncan multiple range test (${\alpha}$=0.05) was performed to test the significant levels of differences between groups. The conclusions obtained from this study were as follows: 1) all swimming groups had significantly lower levels of MDA than the control group (p<0.001). Among the swimming groups, the moderate-loaded group had a significantly lower level than the unloaded group, low-loaded group and high-loaded group (p<0.001). 2) all swimming groups had significantly higher levels of SOD than the control group (p<0.01). Among swimming groups, the unloaded group, moderate-loaded group and high-loaded group had significantly higher levels than the low-loaded group (p<0.01).

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.126-134
• /
• 2000

Objectives : In order to study effects of Dansamyeum on Hyperlipidemia which causes Hypertension, Arteriosclerosis, Cerebral vascular disease and Ischemic heart disease Methods : The changes of serum total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, body weight and organ weight were observed after the liquid extracts of Single-dosage Dansamyeum and Double-dosage Dansamyeum were administered p.o to the Hyperlipidemic rats induced by 1% cholesterol diet for 10, 20 and 30 days. Results : The body weight was significantly decreased in Double-dosage Dansamyeum group for 20 and 30 days compared with control group. The contents of total lipid were significantly decreased in Single-dosage Dansamyeum group for 20 days, but Double-dosage Dansamyeum group did not show any significant change compared with control group. The contents of total cholesterol were significantly decreased in Single-dosage Dansamyeum group for 20 days, and Double-dosage Dansamyeum group showed significant changes for 10 and 20 days compared with control group. The contents of triglyceride were significantly decreased in Single-dosage Dansamyeum group for 30 days, and Double-dosage Dansamyeum group showed significant changes for 10 days compared with control group. The contents of HDL-cholesterol were significantly increased in Single-dosage Dansamyeum group and Double-dosage Dansamyeum group for 10 days compared with control group. The contents of LDL-cholesterol were significantly decreased in Single-dosage Dansamyeum group for 10, 20 and 30 days, and Double-dosage Dansamyeum group showed significant changes for 10, 20 and 30 days compared with control group. The liver weight was significantly decreased in Single-dosage Dansamyeum group and Double-dosage Dansamyeum group compared with control group. The kidney and testis weight was significantly decreased in Single-dosage Dansamyeum group compared with control group. The spleen weight was significantly decreased in Double-dosage Dansamyeum group compared with control group. Conclusions : It was thought that Single-dosage Dansamyeum and Double-dosage Dansamyeum could be applied effectively to the Hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.23-40
• /
• 2011

Objectives: This study was designed to examine the effects of extracts of Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) on the lipid lowering, anti-oxidation and concentration of proinflammatory cytokines and was investigated on hyperlipidemic rats. Methods: Male rats weighing $182.39{\pm}4.71g$ were fed high fat diet for 8 weeks and 36 rats(above 400 g) were divided into 4 groups. Each of 9 rats was divided a control group and experimental groups. We fed a control group of rats a basal diet and administered normal saline(100 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 4 weeks. And we fed each experimental group of rats basal diet and administered an extract of Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) extracts(100 mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 1 time/1 day) for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed to determine their chemical composition. We measured lipid of plasma and liver, concentration of proinflmmatory cytokines, anti-oxidative activity and $TNF-{\alpha}$, Apo-B, Apo-E and leptin gene expression. Results: 1. Concentration of plasma free fatty(FFA) showed no significant difference in all the treatment groups. Concentration of plasma triglyceride(TG) showed a significant decrement in the 300 mg/kg in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups than that of control group. 2. Concentration of plasma total cholesterol showed a significant decrement in the 200 and 300 mg/kg in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups than that of control group. Concentration of plasma low density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol showed a Significant decrement in the 300 mg/kg in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups than that of control group. Concentration of plasma high density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol showed a significant increment in the 300 mg/kg in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) group. 3. Concentration of liver total cholesterol showed a tendence to decrease in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups. Concentration of liver TG showed a significant decrement in all Ojeoksangamibang groups than that of control group. 4. Concentration of plasma and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) showed a tendence to decrease in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups. 5. The values of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) activity showed a significant increment in all Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups than that of control group. 6. The values of plasma aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) activity showed no significant different in all treatment group. 7. Concentration of plasma $interleukin(IL)-1{beta}$ showed no significant difference in all the treatment groups. Concentration of plasma IL-6 showed a significant decrement in the 300 mg/kg in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) group than that of control group. Concentration of plasma tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha})$ a siginifant decrement in the 200 and 300 mg/kg in Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) group than that of control group. However the concentration of plasma IL-10 in the 300 mg/kg Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups showed a significant increment than that of control group. 9. In the analysis of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), gene expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$, Apo-B and Apo-E in the Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups showed a lower expression than that of control group. However the gene expression of leptin showed no difference in the treatment groups. 10. The ratio of $TNF-{\alpha}$, Apo-B, and Apo-E per ${\beta}-actin$ expression in the Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) groups showed a significant decrement than that of control group. However The ratio of leptin expression per ${\beta}-actin$ expression showed no significant difference among all the treatment groups. Conclusions: According to above results, in lowering lipid effect, anti-oxidation and control of pro-inflammatory cytokines production, Ojeoksangamibang($W{\check{u}}j\bar{i}s\check{a}nji\bar{a}w\grave{e}if\bar{a}ng$) gives effect.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.275-286
• /
• 2018

Purpose: Our previous study demonstrated that persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thumb.) at different stages of ripening provided different protective effects against high-fat/cholesterol diet (HFD)-induced dyslipidemia in rats. In this study, we compared the metabolites profile and gene expressions related to triglyceride (TG)/cholesterol metabolism in vitro and in vivo after treating with persimmon water extracts (PWE) or tannin-enriched persimmon concentrate (TEP). Methods: Primary and secondary metabolites in test materials were determined by GC-TOF/MS, UHPLC-LTQ-ESI-IT-MS/MS, and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The expression of genes related to TG and cholesterol metabolism were determined by RT-PCR both in HepG2 cells stimulated by oleic acid/palmitic acid and in liver tissues obtained from Wistar rats fed with HFD and PWE at 0, 150, 300, and 600 mg/d (experiment I) or TEP at 0, 7, 14, and 28 mg/d (experiment II) by oral gavage for 9 weeks. Results: PLS-DA analysis and heatmap analysis demonstrated significantly differential profiling of metabolites of PWE and TEP according to processing of persimmon powder. In vitro, TEP showed similar hypolipidemic effects as PWE, but significantly enhanced hypocholesterolemic effects compared to PWE in sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2), HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), cholesterol $7{\alpha}-hydroxylase$ (CYP7A1), and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene expression. Consistently, TEP and PWE showed similar hypolipidemic capacity in vivo, but significantly enhanced hypocholesterolemic capacity in terms of SREBP2, HMGCR, and bile salt export pump (BSEP) gene expression. Conclusion: These results suggest that column extraction after hot water extraction may be a good strategy to enhance tannins and long-chain fatty acid amides, which might cause stimulation of hypocholesterolemic actions through downregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis gene expression and upregulation of LDL receptor gene expression.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.667-673
• /
• 2009

The antihyperlipidemic and glycemic control effects of mycelia of Inonotus obliquus including protein-bound polysaccharides extract were investigated. In high fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice, the mycelia of Inonotus obliquus including protein-bound polysaccharides extract showed significant decrease in epididymal fat tissue weight, blood triglyceride and VLDL level, triglyceride and total cholesterol level in liver, serum insulin and HOMA-IR level and AUC. Oral glucose tolerance test glucose level reduction were 4.9% (M150L; ${\beta}$-glucan 1.303 mg/kg bw), 9.5% (M150; ${\beta}$-glucan 2.606 mg/kg bw) after 180 min of glucose loading compared to H-C group. Besides, the mycelia of Inonotus obliquus including protein-bound polysaccharides extract treatment significantly increased glycogen contents in liver and adiponectin level in high fat diet-induced obese mice. In conclusion, the results showed that the mycelia of Inonotus obliquus including protein-bound polysaccharides extract possesses significant antihyperlipidemic and glycemic control effects in C57BL/6J mice.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
• /
• 1984.09a
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 1984

In the previous symposium, authors reported about anti-atherogenic action of Panax ginseng, saying that red-ginseng powder increased serum HDL-cholesterol, decreased total cholesterol, TG, NEFA, in addition, decreased platelet adhesiveness. Later, Toyama group including me. reported that ginsenosides esp. $Rb_2$ enhanced HDL and decreased LDL. Also Matsuyama group and Kinki Univ. group reported that ginsenosides $Rg_1,\;Rb_2,$ etc. inhibited platelet aggregation. This paper will be divided into two parts: Experimental and clinical Experimental study; Using a highcholesterol-cholic acid-fed rats, effects of red ginseng extract and several ginsenosides on serum apoprotein-lipoproteins in relation to prostaglandins. Rats received $2\%$ cholesterol 1-1$\%$ cholic acid diet, ginseng extract or ginsenosides 2.5mg/100g/day for 9 days. Red ginseng extract, ginsenosides $Rb_2,\;Rc,\;Rb_1,\;and\;Rg_1,\;esp.\;Rb_2,$ increased HDL, apo-AI, Aii and $PGI_2,$ while they decreased LDL, apo-B and $TXA_2$. Clinical study: Effect of red ginseng powder on hyperlipidemia was observed. Long term administration of red ginseng powder manufactured by Office of Monopoly, Republic of Korea and offered by Japan-Korea Korean Ginseng Co., Kobe, at the dose of 2.7 g/day, was performed in patients with hyperlipidemia up to 4 years. The significant increase in serum HDL-cholesterol and also the significant decrease in total cholesterol, atherogenic index, TG, NEFA and lipoperoxide was observed with 3-48 month administration of red ginseng. Conclusions: Red ginseng and ginsenosides improved hyperlipidemia in rats and in man, with the improvement of blood apoproteins, lipoproteins and prostaglandins in experimental hyperlipidemic animals.