• Title/Summary/Keyword: hyperinfection

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A Case of Strongyloidiasis with Hyperinfection Syndrome (분선충의 Hyperinfection 1례)

  • Hong, Seong-Jong;Sin, Jin-Sik;Kim, Seon-Yeong
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.221-226
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    • 1988
  • A 73-year-old Korean male was admitted to Jeil hospital with clinical complaints of backache, cough, sputum, vomiting and diarrhea. He had a history of long term administration of prednisolone. At admission he was comatose and showed Efneralized pitting edema and anasarca, Laboratory data revealed leukocytosis, hlvpoproteinemia with hypoalbuminemia, sepsis, anemia and brown-colored urine. Stool examination revealed rhabditiform nematode larvae. By fecal cultivation, filariform larvae of Strongyloides were obtained and the patient was diagnosed as hyperinfection syndrome due to 5. stercoralis infection. On the 3rd day of hospitalization, albendazole treatment was started and continued for 4 days. On the 7th day of hospitalization, sputum revealed filariform larvae. Total 619 parasitic adult females, ellpelled by chemotherapy, were collected from the diarrheal stool. However, the. patient was discllarged hopelessly and died at home.

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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome With Alveolar Hemorrhage due to Strongyloidiasis Hyperinfection in an Older Patient

  • Kim, Eun Jin
    • Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.200-203
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    • 2018
  • Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode that occurs sporadically in temperate areas like Korea. People who are in the immunosuppressed state, over the age of 65 or under the corticosteroid therapy are at risk for developing Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with alveolar hemorrhage is a rare presentation of Strongyloides hyperinfection. A 78-year-old man had been irregularly injected corticosteroid on his knees, but did not have any immunosuppressive disease. He was initially diagnosed with ARDS and septic shock. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was bloody and its cytology revealed helminthic larvae identified as S. stercoralis. Results of Cytomegalovirus polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Pneumocystis jirovecii PCR, and Aspergillus antigen testing of the BAL fluid were positive. The clinical progress quickly deteriorated with multiple organ failure, shock and arrhythmia, so he finally died. This is a rare case of ARDS in an older patient without any known immunosuppressive conditions, with alveolar hemorrhage and S. stercoralis being found via BAL.

Treatment of Strongyloides stercoralis Hyperinfection in a Dog

  • Lee, Eunjung;Seo, Kyoungwon;Song, Kunho
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.210-212
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    • 2021
  • A 10-year-old spayed female beagle referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University presented with acute diarrhea, depression, anorexia, and emaciation. The laboratory findings of the dog showed leukocytosis, high C-reactive protein, and low albumin levels. Fecal examinations revealed severe infection with Strongyloides (S.) stercoralis, with a high fecal score (6/7). Consequently, the dog was diagnosed with hyperinfection of S. stercoralis, and thus, was treated with fenbendazole and ivermectin after discontinuation of prednisolone treatment. The dog showed negative on the Fecal Dx® Antigen Panel (IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME, USA) after treatment, and clinical signs disappeared with normal stool consistency.

Hyperinfection of Strongyloides stercoralis (분선충의 Hyperinfection 1례)

  • Shin, Kyeong-Cheol;Chun, Jun-Ha;Park, Chan-Weon;Lee, Choong-Ki;Lee, Hyun-Woo
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.518-524
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    • 1993
  • Strongylodiasis is universal in distribution but is most abundant in countries with a tropical climate. Although infestation by Strongyloides stercoralis is usually limited to the intestines, dessemination of this helminth in debilitated host can be lead to death with various clinical disorders, characterized by profound malabsorption, diarrhea, electrolyte imbalance, gram negative or opportunistic fungal sepsis, coma and death. Cell-mediated immunity contributing significantly to the control of helminthic infections, may be suppressed by carcinoma, immunosuppressive chemotherapy and use of corticosteroids. Diagnosis of Strongyloidiasis is achieved by an examination of samples of feces, duodenal aspirates and sputum of patients for Strongyloides stercoralis. Treatment of strongyloidiasis is twofold: correction of the immunosuppressive state by withdrawal of immunosuppressive drug, if possible, and vigorous treatment with thiabendazole. Testing for strongyloidiasis is especially recommanded before treating a patients should be monitored for infection by Strongyloides stercoralis and other opportunistic infection. We are reporting a case patient with Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection and pulmonary tuberculosis who had been used corticosteroid for persisting polyarthritis.

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Pulmonary Strongyloidiasis Masquerading as Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

  • Pradhan, Gourahari;Behera, Priyadarshini;Panigrahi, Manoj Kumar;Bhuniya, Sourin;Mohapatra, Prasanta Raghab;Turuk, Jyotirmayee;Mohanty, Srujana
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.79 no.4
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    • pp.307-311
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    • 2016
  • Pulmonary strongyloidiasis is an uncommon presentation of Strongyloides infection, usually seen in immunocompromised hosts. The manifestations are similar to that of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, the diagnosis of pulmonary strongyloidiasis could be challenging in a COPD patient, unless a high index of suspicion is maintained. Here, we present a case of Strongyloides hyperinfection in a COPD patient mimicking acute exacerbation, who was on chronic steroid therapy.

A case of fatal hyperinfective strongyloidiasis with discovery of autoinfective filariform larvae in sputum

  • KIM Jin;JOO Hyun-Soo;KO Hyang-Mi;NA Min-Sik;HWANG Sun-Ho;IM Jong-Cheol
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.43 no.2 s.134
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    • pp.51-55
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    • 2005
  • The autoinfective filariform larva of Strongyloides stercoralis causes hyperinfection in immunosuppressed hosts. Here we report on the case of a male patient who was admitted to the emergency room at Gwangju Veterans Hospital with a complaint of dyspnea, and who was receiving corticosteroid therapy for asthma. Many slender larvae of S. stercoralis with a notched tail were detected in Papanicolaou stained sputum. They measured $269\pm21.2{\mu}m$ in length and $11\pm0.6{\mu}m$ in width. The esophagus extended nearly half of the body length. The larvae were identified putatively as autoinfective third-stage filariform larvae, and their presence was fatal. The autoinfective filariform larva of S. stercoralis has not been previously reported in Korea.

A case of hyperinfection syndrome with Etvonguloides stercoruEis (분선충에 의한 대량감염 증후군)

  • 최규식;황영남
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.236-240
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    • 1985
  • A case of Strongyloides stercoralis infection was experienced in a 73-year old Korean female patient, was hospitalized with relapse of cholecystitis. The patient developed cough and dyspnea 17 days after the admission. On the 27th hospitalized day, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain started. A number of parasitic larvae were incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 2 days. Typical fork tailed filariform larvae of S. stercoralis (Bavay, 1876) Stiles and Hassall, 1902, were identified after cultivation. There was no improvement of diarrhoea after the medication with mebendasole. After the administration of thiabendazole, however, diarrhoea was stopped. On the 6th day of medication, S. stercoralis larvae was no more detected, and thereafter no larva was observed by repeated stool examinations upto 2 months after chemotherapy. The patient had the history of administration of steroid for articular rheumatism. Therfore this ,case seems to be a hyperinfection of S. stercoralis due to an autoinfection and to be the first report on the hyperinfected strongyloidiasis in Korea. Related literature was briefly reviewed.

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Nine cases of strongyloidiasis in Korea (분선충의 인체 감염 9례)

  • 이상금;신보문
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.49-52
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    • 1994
  • Nine cases of human infection with Strongyloines stercornlis are reported among patients admitted to the Seoul Paik and Sang-Kye Paik Hospitals, Inje University, from April 1990 to Junuary 1992. The Patients, 7 males and 2 females acted between 50 and 70, either had the history of long term use of steroids for management of arthritis, or were complicated with other chronic diseases such as hypertension, liver diseases, psychotic disorders, and gastrointestinal problems. All of the nine patients revealed rhabditoid larvae of S. stercorolis in fecal examination. A 57-year-old woman who complained of arthritis and abdominal discomfort, was treated with albendazole and mebendazole, and on the 4th and 5th treatment day 220 parasitic adult females were collected from the diarrheal stool. The patient had a long history of administration of steroids for treatment of arthritis, and seems to have suffered from hyperinfection syndrome due to autoinfection with S. stercordis. This is the 3rd report on the recovery of parasitic adult females of S. stercoraLis in Korea.

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A Case of Fatal Strongyloidiasis in a Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Molecular Characterization of the Isolate

  • Kia, Eshrat Beigom;Rahimi, Hamid Reza;Mirhendi, Hossein;Nilforoushan, Mohammad Reza;Talebi, Ardeshir;Zahabiun, Farzaneh;Kazemzadeh, Hamid;Meamar, Ahmad Reza
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.46 no.4
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    • pp.261-263
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    • 2008
  • Strongyloides stercoralis is a human intestinal parasite which may lead to complicated strongyloidiasis in immunocompromised. Here, a case of complicated strongyloidiasis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia is reported. Presence of numerous S. stercoralis larvae in feces and sputum confirmed the diagnosis of hyperinfection syndrome in this patient. Following recovery of filariform larvae from agar plate culture of the stool, the isolate was characterized for the ITS1 region of ribosomal DNA gene by nested-PCR and sequencing. Albendazole therapy did not have cure effects; and just at the beginning of taking ivermectin, the patient died. The most important clue to prevent such fatal consequences is early diagnosis and proper treatment.

Seropositivity Rates of Strongyloides stercoralis Antibody in the Southeastern Region of Republic of Korea: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

  • Kim, Taehwa;Lim, Seungjin
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.60 no.3
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    • pp.181-185
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    • 2022
  • Strongyloides stercoralis infection is not endemic in the Republic of Korea (Korea) with a positivity rate of <1% in stool examination. However, there is a risk of hyperinfection in immunosuppressed individuals. It is necessary to determine the seropositivity of S. stercoralis antibodies in Korea. This study investigated the seropositivity of S. stercoralis antibodies in the southeastern area of Korea. From January 2019 to June 2021, serum samples were collected from participants who visited the study center in the southeastern region of Korea for routine health check-ups. We determined serum levels of specific anti-Strongyloides IgG antibodies in 834 samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We observed that 92 samples (11.0%) tested showed a positive response. The age of the participants was 51±10.7 years, and 43.4% of them were men. The antibody positivity rate based on the location of the participants' residence were 12.3% (Gyoungsangnam-do), 10.2% (Busan), and 10.1% (Ulsan), respectively. Total eosinophil count was associated with positive test results (154.8±152.0 per mm3 versus 202.1±178.9 per mm3, P=0.006). Logistic regression analysis revealed that blood eosinophil count, age above 50 years, and residence in Sacheon were factors associated with the positive status of S. stercoralis antibody. Our finding suggests that it is necessary to test for S. stercoralis in actual clinical settings in Korea.