• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.61-71
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• 2008

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, impulsiveness and problems in other higher cognitive processes such as executive function deficits. Currently, there are many treatment modalities, of which pharmacotherapy is the most strongly supported by scientific and clinical evidence. Stimulants, which are first choice in the pharmacological treatment of ADHD, block dopamine reuptake by binding the dopamine transporter and so increasing the concentration of dopamine in synaptic clefts. Stimulants are effective in improving core ADHD symptoms, as well as the nonspecific symptoms, such as aggressiveness and oppositional behavior. Frequently reported short-term adverse effects are decreased appetite, sleep disturbance, headache, dizziness and irritability. Although questions have been raised about the long-term side effects of stimulants, including growth suppression, cardiovascular events, and abuse potential, there is no clear evidence to support these concerns.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to detect early children with hyperactivity which is one of the symptoms of Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study used two methods: K-CBCL and observation of children's behavior. K-CBCL was done online by parents at home. For observation of children's behavior, the school asked children to wear a 3-axis accelerometer on their wrists. The data from K-CBCL and 3-axis accelerometer were analyzed and clustered to separate hypersensitive children from ordinary children. This experiment confirmed that 3-axis accelerometer which is one of Ubiquitous techniques and the K-CBCL questionnaire were helpful for detection of hypersensitive children.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2010

Objectives ： The current review aimed to describe the major findings of the NIMH Collaborative Multisite Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA) with regard to the treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods ： We performed a general review of the literature regarding the efficacy of the MTA's proposed treatments. Results ： There is a large and still increasing body of evidence regarding the MTA's treatment outcomes. We present and discuss details of the findings at each follow-up point. Conclusion ： Currently, findings regarding the MTA's treatments suggest children with combined-type ADHD exhibit significant impairment in adolescence, despite their initial symptom improvement. Further studies, using innovative treatment approaches and targeting specific areas of adolescent impairment, are needed in order to enhance ADHD treatment outcomes.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the association between the symptoms of boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the attention-deficit hyperactivity symptoms, temperament and character patterns of their parents. Methods : Forty-five boys with ADHD and who met the DSM-IV criteria were evaluated by using the ADHD rating scale (ADHD-RS), and their parents completed the Korean Adult ADHD scale (K-AADHDS) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Results : The parental K-AADHDS scores were not associated with the ADHD-RS total score and the subscale scores of their siblings. The most potent variable related to the ADHD-RS total score was the maternal self-directedness, and the second was the maternal persistence. The maternal self-directedness was the variable that was most correlated with the hyperactivity/impulsivity subscale scores of the ADHD-RS. Conclusion : The results suggest that the paternal ADHD symptoms may not be related to the ADHD symptoms of boys with ADHD. Higher maternal self-directedness and persistence may decrease overall the ADHD symptoms of these boys, and higher maternal self-directedness itself may predict lower hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms of the boys with ADHD.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.285-297
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine the associations among attention deficit/hyperactivity, social withdrawal, peer relationships, and depression in early adolescence. Gender differences in the associations were also examined. This study investigated these relationships and the gender differences using structural equation modeling multi-group analysis. The third wave data from Korea Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) of fourth graders were analyzed. The results indicated that attention deficit/hyperactivity had significant effects on depression directly and indirectly through social withdrawal and peer relationships. These results suggest that new programs should be developed to prevent or alleviate depression associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity among adolescents. Specifically, social withdrawal and peer relationships need to be emphasized in planning prevention or intervention programs to promote mental health of adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.532-538
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to find correlation between EGG and HRV parameters in dyspeptic patients. 39 patients (male 8, female 31) were enrolled. EGG and HRV was measured in all patients. EGG parameters like % of gastric slow wave and power ratio were used to classify patients as normal or abnormal EGG groups. HRV parameters which were included TP (total power), LF(low frequency density), HF (high frequency density), and LF/HF ratio were compared between them. EGG parameters were compared among normal, sympathetic hyperactivity, and parasympathetic hyperactivity groups classified by LF/HF ratio. There was no difference in HRV parameters between normal and abnormal EGG groups. Comparing EGG parameters among normal, sympathetic hyperactivity, and parasympathetic hyperactivity groups, both sympathetic and parasympathetic hyperactivity groups had lower value of postprandial regularity of gastric slow wave than normal group. Abnormal value of LF/HF ratio(both sympathetic and parasympathetic hyperactivity) may be related with disturbance of electrical gastric activity in patients with dyspepsia.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

Objectives The objectives of this study is to investigate the characteristics of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pattern identification based on the survey of frequencies of symptoms and signs according to the pediatricians and psychiatrists in Korean Medicine. Methods Eleven pediatricians and fourteen psychiatrists participated in this study. 38 symptoms and signs of 4 ADHD pattern identifications (Kidney yin deficiency and liver yang ascendant hyperactivity 腎虛肝亢, Dual deficiencies in the heart and spleen 心脾兩虛, Phlegm-fire harassing the heart 痰火擾心, Spleen weakness and liver energy preponderance 脾虛肝旺) were used to evaluate the frequencies of ADHD. The differences in frequencies of symptoms and signs amongst ADHD pattern identifications, and the correlations between them were analyzed. Results There were significant differences in the frequencies of symptoms and signs between each pattern identification. Dual Deficiencies in the Heart and Spleen 心脾兩虛 is negatively related with hyperactivity and impulsivity, and positively related with inattention. Phlegm-fire Harassing the Heart 痰火擾心 is positively related with hyperactivity and impulsivity, and negatively related with inattention. Conclusions The results of the characteristics of ADHD pattern identifications from the survey analysis could be used in the clinical practices of ADHD as well as to improve the ADHD pattern identification questionnaire.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.99-113
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• 2004

This study evaluated the effects of maternal food environment on food behavior and hyperactivity of preschoolers. The subjects consisted of 270 children aged 5-6 years and 330 their mother. The food behavior and hyperactivity of the children were measured simultaneously by both children's mother and their teachers using the same checklists. And maternal food environment was performed by self-administered questionnaire. Mother's food value was significantly influenced by their employment status and parenting behavior. but was not affected by the levels of their education and household income. Children's hyperactivity was significant influenced by their sleep status, mother's education level and parenting behavior(p<0.05). A significant difference was noted children's food behavior with the teacher's assessment upon the association with hyperactivity(p<0.05) but was not significantly related to it by mother's checklist. The mother's food value(p<0.001) and food behavior(p<0.05) were significantly related to the their children's food behavior and hyperactivity. These results showed that maternal food environment plays an important role in children's food behavior and hyperactivity.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.79-97
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• 2010

Objectives : The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Jajun-maum-dom-movement program on the attention and hyperactivity of middle school students, Methods: Jajun-maum-dom-movement program was applied to 14 middle school students for 8 weeks, To measure the improvement of attention and decrease of hyperactivity, these tests were used - ADHD Diagnostic System(hereinafter ADS), Parent's Abbreviated Conners Rating Scale(hereinafter ACRS), Teacher's Korean ADHD Rating Scale(hereinafter K-ARS). For each variable in the 3 test methods, the results of before and after program were measured and then, the results were assessed by paired t-test, Interrelations between the resulted values of 10 variables were analyzed in these three groups: scores before program, scores after program, and change in scores before and after program, Among 10 variables, for variable showing significant difference by t-test, it was assessed by ANCOVA whether change in scores before and after program is affected by the grade and gender. Results: As for the changed score between before-the-program and after-the-program, in the ADS test, it was found that there is a significant effect in the "commission error" which is one of the indices showing the degree of hyperactivity, and "sensitivity(d')" which is one of the indices showing attention, and it was found that there is a significant effect in ACRS and K -ARSC total), Among the correlations of the 4 variables, "ACRS" and "K-ARSC total) ", which show the comprecessive criteria, have the positive correlation of significance in before-the-program, after-the-program and the changed score between before-the-program and after-the-program, However, there was no specific correlations among sub-variables about attention or hyperactivity, and in all of 4 variables, there was no significant degree of change according to grade or gender. Conclusions : As the results of assessment by ADHD Diagnostic System, Parent's Abbreviated Conners Rating Scale, Teacher's Korean ADHD Rating Scale to study the effects of Jajun-maum-dom-movement program on attention and hyperactivity, it is known that the program is helpful for improvement of attention and decrease of hyperactivity for the participated students.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2009

Objectives : This research is to figure out the neurofeedback treatment for the inattentive children is effective in improving attention deficit and furthermore, in relieving hyperactivity and impulsivity. Methods : 20 children subjects participated for this study. C3-A1 protocol neurofeedback was given 15 to 20 times to each child, it is carried out to compare the degree of attention in each case every 5 times of neurofeedback by using ADHD Rating Scale-IV : Parent Version(ARS) and Attention Deficit Disorder Evaluation Scale-Home Version(ADDES-HV). Results : The subscale of mean inattention score of ARS was reduced from 14.2 to 8.8 significantly(p<0.05) after 20 sessions of neurofeedback treatment, also the subscale of mean impulsivity/hyperactivity score of ARS from 13.3 to 7.1. The subscales of mean inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity score of ADDES-HV was also reduced significantly(p<0.05) after 20 sessions of neurofeedback treatment. The changes of scores appeared significantly(p<0.05) from 10-15 sessions of neurofeedback treatment. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that neurofeedback can improve children's attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity, there exists the possibility of being a method to treat ADHD.