• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7549-7554
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to develop gastric retentive bi-layered tablet using floating drug delivery technique. Metformin was selected as a model drug due to its narrow absorption window as well as very highly water solubility. These properties of metformin led to be difficult controlling the drug release. The bi-layered tablet was prepared with bi-layered compression machine to minimize interference between floating part and controlling part. The tablet weight, appearance and hardness were evaluated after compression process. The times of 'time to floating' and 'Floating duration' were tested for floating ability and drug release study was also carried out to understand drug release behavior. Furthermore, the drug release of bi-layered tablet was compared with marketed metformin tablet with sustained release pattern (Glucopharge XR$^{(R)}$).The floating ability and drug release behaviors were well controlled by changing amounts of $NaHCO_3$ (floating substance) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC; release control material). Bi-layered tablet had 13s of time to float, over 10h of floating duration and very similar drug release behavior compared with Glucopharge XR$^{(R)}$($f_2$: 89.6). Consequently, the bi-layered tablet with floating ability was successfully prepared and these properties can maximize the efficacy of metformin.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.41-48
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• 2019

The effects of HPMC (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) on instant fried noodles regarding oil uptake and in vitro lipid digestibility were evaluated according to different viscosity levels, as well as the same apparent viscosity. The oil uptake and lipid digestibility decreased with the increasing HPMC viscosity and replacement level, demonstrating that the reduced oil uptake and lipid digestibility may be caused by the high viscosity of HPMC. Furthermore, the oil uptake and lipid digestibility of noodles with HPMC at both apparent viscosities decreased with the increasing viscosity of HPMC in spite of having the same apparent viscosity. As a result, the high viscosity of HPMC on instant fried noodles was more critical factor compared to apparent viscosity for lowering oil uptake and lipid digestibility.

• Advances in materials Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2017

The aim of the work was to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet-ozone ($UV-O_3$) irradiation with different times on the structure and thermal properties of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) in the form of a thin film to be used as bioequivalent materials according to their important broad practical and medical applications. HPMC thin films were exposed to $UV-O_3$ radiation in air at a wavelength of 184.9 nm.The beneficial effects of this treatment on the crystallinity and amorphousity regions were followed by X-ray diffraction technique and FTIR spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric and differntial thermal analyses were used in order to study the thermal properties of HPMC samples following the process of photodegradation. The obtained results indicated that the rate of degradation process was increased with increasing the exposure time. Variations in shape and area of the thermal peaks were observed which may be attributed to the different degrees of crystallinity after exposing the treated HPMC samples. This meant a change in the amorphousity of the treated samples, the oxidation of its chemical linkages on its surface and its bulk, and the formation of free radical species as well as bond formation.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2014

The present study examined the effect of cellulose ether on the compression and adhesion characteristics of rice dough using a rheometer. When increasing the amount of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), the adhesion strength consistently increased. However, the compression strength of the rice dough was the highest with 2% HPMC. When increasing the molecular weight and decreasing the water content, the compression and adhesion strength of the rice dough were both increased. Furthermore, the substitution type and degree of cellulose ether were also found to be key factors determining the compression and adhesion strength of the rice dough.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different wall material on the microencapsulation efficiency of microcapsules containing fish oil. The present work reports on the microencapsulation of fish oil by spray drying using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 2910, maltodextrin, gelatin, sodium caseinate as wall materials. The emulsion stability was assessed by emulsion stability index value (ESI). The microstructural properties of microcapsules was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microencapsulation efficiency (ME) was assessed by soxhlet method. The highest ESI and ME were observed in the case of a 1:1 gelatin/sodium caseinate ratio and 1:1 glycerin fatty acid ester/lecithin ratio, and ME of microcapsules was increased with increasing the ESI of emulsion. Thus, the stability of emulsion was a critical factor for the encapsulation of fish oil.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.437-443
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• 2009

To develop a topical bioadhesive formulation of clotrimazole for enhanced transdermal delivery, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose gel containing permeation enhancer was formulated and permeation studies were carried out. The release characteristics of the drug from the gel formulation were examined according to the receptor medium, drug concentration, and temperature. The rate of drug release from the gel increased with increasing drug concentration and temperature. The activation energy (Ea) of drug permeation, which was calculated from the slope of log P versus 1/T plots, was 14.41kcal/mol for a 1%(w/w) loading dose. The enhancer, such as saturated, unsaturated fatty acids, pyrrolidones, propylene glycol derivatives, glycerides, and non-ionic surfactants, were incorporated onto the gels to increase the amount of drug permeation into the skin. Among the enhancers used, polyoxyethylene 2-oleyl ether showed the highest level of enhancement. These results show that clotrimazole gels containing polyoxyethylene 2-oleyl ether could be used for the enhanced transdermal delivery of clotrimazole.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.283-290
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• 2003

Organic drugs including aspirin, omeprazole, and naproxen with three different levels of octanol/water partition coefficient were examined for their release behavior from the amphiphilic PCL-b-PEO-b-PCL (PCEC) matrix. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of PCEC illustrated a well defined two-phase morphology consisted of dispersed poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) domain and continuous polycaprolactone (PCL) phase. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) experiments veri tied that three model drugs are dissolved as a molecular dispersion in PCEC matrix. The release of hydrophilic aspirin closely followed the water absorption profile of the matrix indicating that its major fraction is present in PEO domain. However, substantial amount of aspirin present in less hydrophilic region displayed discontinuous biphasic release pattern. In the case of omeprazole with intermediate hydrophobicity consistent release behavior was observed for a period of 24 hrs after the rapid liberation of ca. 10% of the drug presumably partitioned in PEO phase. It was ascribed to the fact that the progressive hydration of PCEC matrix gradually increased the chance of drug/water exposure to compensate the exhaustion of device. Naproxen with the highest octanol/water distribution coefficient among three model drugs exhibited a limited release of 35% for 24 hrs. Finally, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP)/PCEC blend matrix demonstrated an accelerated and quantitative release of hydrophobic naproxen by generating high porosity and thereby expanding polymer/water interface.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.352-357
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• 2018

Celecoxib (4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzenesulfonamide) is a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor used in the treatment of arthritis, acute pain, and dysmenorrhoea. Celecoxib is a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II compound whose oral bioavailability is highly limited owing to its poor aqueous solubility. Several polymorphs of celecoxib have been identified as Form I, Form II, and Form III with melting points of about $162.8^{\circ}C$, $161.5^{\circ}C$, and $160.8^{\circ}C$, respectively. Form IV was generated from the precipitated suspension in the presence of HPMC (Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) and Polysorbate 80. A rapid rate of dissolution is useful because the rate of dissolution of a drug typically increases its bioavailability. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of production of new crystal form of celecoxib that has higher solubility than Form III. New crystal form of celecoxib (Form A) has been isolated by recrystallization and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD). Form A was dissolved faster than Form III. At 30 minutes, the dissolution of Form A was 97.3%, whereas the dissolution of Form III was 82.2% (p < 0.1). After storage of three months at $20^{\circ}C$, in 24% RH (Relative Humidity), the crystal form was not transformed.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.177-181
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• 2013

This study examined the effect of the molecular weight, substitution degree, and substitution type of cellulose ether on the mechanical properties of dried rice noodles. When increasing the molecular weight of the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), the bending strength of the dried rice noodles also increased. However, the bending strength of the rice noodles with added HPMCs was still lower than that of the wheat noodles. Meanwhile, the bending elongation of the dried rice noodles was higher than that of the wheat noodles and was increased when decreasing the molecular weight of the HPMC. In conclusion, the bending strength and elongation of dried rice noodles is affected by the substitution degree and type of cellulose ether.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.456-462
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• 2019

This study investigated the bread-making properties of rice bread supplemented with HPMC (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) 1~3% and gluzyme (glucose oxidase), fungamyl (fungal ${\alpha}$-amylase) and pentopan (xylanase+hemicellulases) (0.0015~0.0090%). The viscoelastic properties of the dough with HPMC 1~3% were analyzed. When the rice flour was supplemented with HPMC 1~3%, the viscoelastic properties of the dough tended to increase as the amount of added HPMC was increased. The physicochemical characteristics of the rice bread with HPMC, gluzyme, fungamyl, and pentopan were analyzed. Supplementing the rice flour with HPMC, gluzyme, fungamyl, and pentopan had a significant effect on the volume (p<0.01) and specific volume (p<0.001) of the rice bread. Supplementing the rice flour with 3% HPMC and 0.0045% or 0.0090% pentopan had a significant effect on increasing the volume (p<0.01) and specific volume (p<0.001) of the rice bread. Supplementing the rice flour with 3% HPMC, 0.0023% gluzyme and 0.0015% fungamyl had a significant effect on increasing the volume (p<0.01) and specific volume (p<0.001) of the rice bread. These results suggest that supplementing the rice flour with HPMC, gluzyme, fungamyl and pentopan is effective for the production of rice bread.