• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 2012

In this study, design of LCTS(Launch Complex Thermostatting System), which is one of ground support equipments for KSLV-I, is analyzed based on CDP(Critical Design Package) provided by Russia. The thermo-hydraulic design of air preparation compartment and hydraulic design of air heating & distribution compartment performed. Also numerical simulation of air heating & distribution compartment was conducted and compared with actual measurement data. Finally, insulation design of system was analyzed. Designing method of LCTS will be helpful in developing or modifying LCTS for new launch vehicle.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.400-408
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• 2020

Hydrodynamic study of Activated Sludge Process (ASP) is important to optimize the reactor performance and detect anomalies in the system. Residence time distribution (RTD) study has been performed using LiCl as tracer on a pilot scale aeration tank (AT) and ASP, treating the pulp and paper mill effluent. The hydraulic performance and treatment efficiency of the AT and ASP at different operating parameters like residence time, recycle rate was investigated. Flow anomalies were identified and based on the experimental data empirical models was suggested to interpret the hydrodynamics of the reactors using compartment modelling technique. The analysis of the RTD curves and the compartment models indicated increase in back-mixing ratio as the mean hydraulic retention time (MHRT) of the tank was increased. Bypassing stream was observed at lower MHRT. The fraction of dead zone in the tank increased by approximate 20-25% with increase in recycle rate. The fraction of the stagnant zone was found well below 5% for all performed experiments, which was under experimental error. The substrate removal of 91% for Chemical oxygen demand and 96% for Biochemical oxygen demand were observed for the ASP working at a hydraulic mean residence time 39 h MRT with a 20% recycling of activated sludge.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 1995

In the tidal compartment, the hydraulic head is affected by the stage of tidal rivers. For groundwater or construct works, head variation of groundwater should be considered in zone of this aquifer. A numerical analysis is performed which has an 1-dimemsional explicit finite difference scheme to show the head variation of groundwater with tidal stage and hydraulic conductivity, etc. The stability of the numerical scheme is validated by using the analytic solution. The head variation of groundwater is observed for various tidal amplititude and hydraulic conductivity, mean hydraulic gradient and pumping at any point. The range of influence corresponding to the parameters used in this study is about 60m. This value is not beyond a wave length (equation omitted). There was a pumping at a constant rate out of aquifers affected by tide and not affected by tide. Because pumping head in aquifer affected by tide is short, the expense of electric power is economized in this zone. These results are applicable to trace of contaminant transport, efficient operation of groundwater, and examination of the safety and stability of works in the tidal compartment.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.16 no.1 s.47
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• pp.69-83
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• 2006

This study aims to evaluate a complex groundwater flow system around the underground oil storage caverns using the concept of hydraulic compartment. For the hydrogeological analysis, the hydraulic testing data, the evolution of groundwater levels in 28 surface monitoring boreholes and pressure variation of 95 horizontal and 63 vertical water curtain holes in the caverns were utilized. At the cavern level, the Hydraulic Conductor Domains(fracture zones) are characterized one local major fracture zone(NE-1)and two local fracture zones between the FZ-1 and FZ-2 fracture zones. The Hydraulic Rock Domain(rock mass) is divided into four compartments by the above local fracture zones. Two Hydraulic Rock Domains(A, B) around the FZ-2 zone have a relatively high initial groundwater pressures up to $15kg/cm^2$ and the differences between the upper and lower groundwater levels, measured from the monitoring holes equipped with double completion, are in the range of 10 and 40 m throughout the construction stage, indicating relatively good hydraulic connection between the near surface and bedrock groundwater systems. On the other hand, two Hydraulic Rock Domains(C, D) adjacent to the FZ-1, the groundwater levels in the upper and lower zones are shown a great difference in the maximum of 120 m and the high water levels in the upper groundwater system were not varied during the construction stage. This might be resulted from the very low hydraulic conductivity$(7.2X10^{-10}m/sec)$ in the zone, six times lower than that of Domain C, D. Groundwater recharge rates obtained from the numerical modeling are 2% of the annual mean precipitation(1,356mm/year) for 20 years.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.189-190
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• 2005

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.238-242
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• 2009

This study investigated the effects of organic loading rates on simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal in an innovative fixed-film aerobic bioreactor. The fixed-film bioreactor (FFB) was composed of a two-compartment aeration tank, in which a synthetic filamentous carrier was submerged as biofilm support media, and a settling tank which polyvinylidene media (Saran) was used as settling aid for suspended solids. Three different organic loading rates, ranging from 0.92-2.02 kg chemical oxygen demand/$m^3$/day were applied by varying hydraulic retention time (HRT). The total soluble organic carbon removal efficiencies were in the range of 90-97%. The removal efficiency of ammonia was found to be in the range of 70-84%. Total nitrogen removal efficiency was found to be in the range of 40-45%, which indicates that denitrification reactions occurred simultaneously in the attached biofilm on the fibrous media in the aeration tank. The settling performance of suspended solids was significantly improved due to the presence of Saran media in the settling compartment, even for a short HRT. The fixed-film aerobic bioreactor used in this study demonstrated efficient treatment efficiency even at higher organic loading rates and at short HRTs.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.93-104
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• 2004

This paper intended to assess the hydro-structure characteristics of volcanic rocks based on the hydrogeological data obtained from the underground storage cavern during construction. The variation of groundwater levels was periodically measured from the 28 surface monitoring holes(NX size) and the hydraulic pressures and injection rates were daily monitored from the water curtain holes(95 horizontal holes and 63 vertical holes). The hydraulic interference tests were performed in whole water curtain holes. The distribution patterns of hydraulic pressure are closely related to the dip angles of fracture intersected to the water curtain holes. Three domains can be grouped by the distribution of hydraulic pressures in the horizontal water curtain holes. The initial hydraulic pressures measured immediately after drilling of water crutain holes are high in ascending order of the cavern C-2, C-1, and C-3. The priliminary hydrochemical data also indicate that the portions of the deep groundwater composition is relatively great in the cavern C-3 area. Some of the horizontal water curtain holes in the cavern C-3 show a steady higher groundwater pressure with the composition of shallow groundwater indicating the outer boundary as constant hydraulic boundary. The water curtain holes in the cavern C-2 is characterized as low initial hydraulic pressure and less injection rates, suggesting poor hydraulic connectivity to a shallow groundwater system. The results of the study can help to understand a hydraulic compartment concept in a fracture hydro-geology and be utilized during the surface investigation for a groundwater system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.1461-1466
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• 2000

This paper investigates the noise reduction scheme in tractor cabin by using various steps of experiment. The experiments were performed in the field as well as in the lab to facilitate the detail test procedure. Some of the test results were compared with computational results. Several noise sources and paths were identified including the engine compartment (cooling fan and timing gear cover), hydraulic system and its components (hoses, tubes and there mount) and structural characteristics of the cab, window, mounting bracket and machine frame including steps. Throughout the several design changes, cab noise level was reduced from 80.2dBA to 74.8dBA.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.247-255
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• 2004

The majority of real world frontal collisions involves partial overlap (offset) collision, in which only one of the two longitudinal members is used for energy absorption. This leads to dangerous intrusions of the passenger compartment. Excessive intrusion is usually generated on the impacted side causing higher contact injury risk on the occupants compared with full frontal collision. The ideal structure needs to have extendable length when the front-end structure is not capable to absorb crash energy without violating deceleration pulse requirements. A smart structure has been proposed to meet this ideal requirement. The proposed front-end structure consists of two hydraulic cylinders integrated with the front-end longitudinal members of standard vehicles. The work carried out in this paper includes developing and analyzing mathematical models of two different cases representing vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-barrier in full and offset collisions. By numerical crash simulations, this idea has been evaluated and optimized. It is proven form numerical simulations that the smart structures bring significantly lower intrusions and decelerations. In addition, it is shown that the mathematical models are valid, flexible, and can be used in an effective way to give a quick insight of real life crashes.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.528-534
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• 2005

Ozone, a powerful oxidant, is widely used to remove microorganisms, pesticides, taste and odor compounds effectively. Dissolved air flotation (OAF) has been known as an economical process for treating algae and low turbid water quality. An ozoflotation system, combining ozone and OAF processes, has a merit which can operate the ozonation and flotation process simultaneously in a single compartment. This study investigated the application of the ozoflotation process for advanced water treatment by carrying out the pilot-plant experiment. During the test, ozone microbubbles were generated through a OAF pump and many kinds of parameters were evaluated under several conditions, such as raw water flow rate and ozone dose. As a result of the test, the optimum operating conditions of ozoflotation were decided to be 1.2 mg/L ozone dose and about 34 minute Hydraulic retention time (HRT). Finally, it could be demonstrated that the ozoflotation system can effectively improve the drinking water quality.