• 디자인학연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2005

지금까지 감성어휘에 대한 연구는 감성공학분야에서 많이 진행되었는데, 기존의 감성어휘에 대한 연구들은 대부분 제품의 외관에서 느끼는 인간의 감성을 표현하는 어휘나 제품의 외관 자체를 감성적으로 표현할 수 있는 어휘들에 관련된 것이 많았다. 하지만 제품을 사용하면서 표출되는 인간의 감성에 관련된 감성어휘에 대한 연구는 아직 많이 이루어지고 있지 않는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에 써는 사용자가 제품을 사용하는 도중에 유발될 수 있는 인간의 감성 변화를 나타낼 수 있는 감성어휘들을 추출해 보았다. 우선 심리학, 언어학, 감성공학 등의 분야에서 수집된 기존의 감성어휘들을 조사하여 통합하는 과정을 거쳤다 또한 쇼핑몰 사이트 및 매니아들을 대상으로 하는 전문 사이트 등에서 사용자들이 남긴 제품 사용후기를 통해 감성어휘를 수집하였다. 마지막으로 소리내어 생각하기(Think Aloud)를 활용하여 실험실에서 사용자들로 하여금 일련의 태스크를 수행하게끔 하고 제품을 사용하면서 느끼는 자신의 감성을 말로 표출하게 하였다. 수집된 어휘들을 일정한 기준에 따라 삭제 또는 통합하고, 적합성 평가를 위한 두 차례의 설문조사를 실시하여 최종적으로 제품을 사용하는 도중에 유발될 수 있는 인간의 감성을 파악하기 위한 88개의 감성어휘를 추출하였다. 추출된 감성어휘들을 요인분석을 통해 '심미성', '사용적 만족성', '신규성', '불편성', '유쾌성', '우수성' 등 6개 감성 카테고리로 구분하여 사용자들이 제품을 사용하면서 표출하는 대표감성을 추출하였다. 본 연구를 통해 추출된 감성어휘와 대표 감성은 제품을 사용하면서 표출되는 인간의 감성을 측정하는 데에 필요한 주관적 평가자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.7-22
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• 2011

This study primarily aims to illuminate the characteristics of $Meoreum$ in Korean traditional fitting system according to the respective types and its periodical changes. Using the research findings as a chronological indicator by which to estimate the construction date of the building is the secondary purpose. In this study 42 of $Byeoldang$ and pavilion architecture remaining in $Yeongnam$ district were examined through the field surveys and methods of documentary research. The research results are as follows. First, $Meoreum$, which is located below the windows or doors, provides protection against the outer wind and has the function to prevent some warm air of the room from flowing outside. Second, $Meoreum$ was recorded as $Yoeum$(了音), $Woneum$(遠音), and $Maleum$(末音) in $Yeong-geon-ui-gwe$(營建儀軌) of Joseon period. While $Yoeum$(了音) was used in $Yeong-geon-ui-gwe$(營建儀軌) of 1776 and 1856, $Woneum$(遠音) had been also used continuously since the year of 1800. The word, $Maleum$(末音) can be seen in $Lim-won-gyeong-je-ji$(林園經濟志), published in 1827. $Woneum$(遠音) and $Maleum$(末音) seem to be the $Yi-du$(吏讀) types of expression of $Meoreum$ which is being extensively used now. Third, the kinds of $Meoreum$ can be classified as $TohMeoreum$, $TongMeoreum$, $TongpanMeoreum$, and $JjaneunMeoreum$. $TongMeoreum$ and $TohMeoreum$ were mostly used at the front part of $Ondol-rooms$, the backside of main floor called $Daechung$(大廳), and at the space between $Daechung$ and rooms in the Pavilions and $Byeoldangs$(Annexes) that had been built in the early Joseon dynasty. $TohMeoreum$ was usually used at the bottom parts of windows between $Daechung$ and $Ondol-rooms$. $TongpanMeoreum$ was mainly used in the mid-Joseon period and relatively high height was the distinctive feature of $Meoreum$ at that time. $Jjaneun$ $Meoreum$, used mainly in the late Joseon dynasty, has become lower and lower gradually in height since 19th century, so people could enter the room through the windows(fittings). Such changes in $Meoreums$ types has brought about the flow of human traffic directly from $Toenmaru$, narrow wooden porch running along the outside of a room to $Ondol-rooms$.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.221-235
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• 1998

This study is a descriptive survey to explore the health lifestyle of adults. The study subjects are teachers of elementary. middle and high school. and staffs of research institutes located in Chungchung Province and Daejon city. The data was collected from Jan. to march 1997 through self reporte for structured questionnaire. Fantastic check list of Wilson and Ciliska for Health Lifestyle Assessment and DSM-III-R for somatic symptom were used as tools. Data was analysed by frequency, $X^2_test$, t-test and Anova using SAS program. The results are as follows: 1. There were statistically significant differences In drinking(t=7.75, P=.000), exercise(t=-2.99, P=.003)and interpersonal relationship(t=2.22, P=.027) among 10 health lifestyle between smoking group and non-smoking group, in drinking(t=17.98, P=.000), exercise(-4.71. P=.000), and job satisfaction(t=2.22, P=.027) between drinking group and non-drinking group, and in eating habit(t=-2.00, P=.045), drinking (t=4.47, P=000), exercise (t= -16.49, P=000), keeping traffic law(t= -2.68, P=.007), personality (t= -2.05, P=.040) and anxiety/depression(t=-3.47, P=.000) between exercise group and non-exercise group. 2. There was statistically significant difference in cardiovascular symptom(F=4.22, P=.0l) among somatic symptoms of subjects according to exercise level. 3. There was statistically significance difference in lifestyle according to smoking level(F=, 3.33, P=.011), drinking level(F=9.17, P=.0001) and exercise level(F=11.93, P=.000l), and in somatic symptom according to sex(t=-3.93, P=.0001), weight(F=3.83, P=.022), exercise level (F=3.29, P=.03) among general characteristics. 4. There was statistically significant difference between sex in general (t= -3.64, P=.0001), gastrointestinal(t=-2.21, P=.02), musculoskeletal(t=-3.92, P=.001), and total symptom (t= -3.92, P=.0001). 5. There was statistically very highly signigicant difference In weight according to smoking($x^2=25.18,\; P=.001)$ and exercise$(x^2=16.46,\; P=001)$. 6. There was statistically significant difference in frequency between smoking group, drinking group and exercise group$(x^2=24.52,\;P=.001)$. Among a number of habit, smoking, drinking and exercise are important factors of human health to prevent related disease morbidity and death. It is essential for industrial health nurse to committ in this subject considering the influence of those factors and lifestyle on health. There is also a relationship of weight with smoking and exercise, the frequency of overweight/obesiy in smoking/ no-exercise group were high. It is quite necessary for the people having cardiovascular symptom to exercise to lower morbidity and mortality. The industrial health nurse has to keep In mind on this point and consider of time and facilities of fitness of employee. It needs to explore the cause by further research on somatic symptom of women. This research shows that concerning the relationship between smoking, drinking, and exercise, health care provider must take not only management of disease, but health behaviors and lifestyle into consideration.

• 대한한방체열의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2002

Stable Compression Fractures(SCF hereafter) are most often caused by trauma such as traffic accidents. These SCFs usually occur in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord. Human life spans have increased as a result of medical advances, which in turn has led to an increase in the elderly population. SCFs are divided into the categories of stable and unstable. The categories are determined through X-rays and P/Ex tests. The D.I.T.I. is then used to diagnose the severity and prognosis of the fracture injuries, and it allows an objective evaluation of the symptoms. This author researched 40 patients who were treated at Wonkwang University Oriental Medical Center from October 1995 to December 1996. The patients were diagnosed by X-ray as having SCFs and treated primarily with acupuncture. Both the changes in D.I.T.I. and patients' self-diagnoses of their conditions before and after treatment yielded the meaningful results which have been presented here. 1. 75% of those who suffer from Stable Compression Fractures are 60 years of older. Of those, the ratio of male to female is 1 to 4. This is due in part to the fact that many elderly women seek Oriental medicine treatment for conditions associated with advanced age. 2. 53.3% of these injuries occurred between T11 and L2. 3. 65% of patients were hospitalized for 10 to 29 days, and then able to be treated on an outpatiens basis. 4. The D.I.T.I. results showed 50% below $0.2^{\circ}C$, 30% between 0.3 and $0.5^{\circ}C$, 10% between 0.5 and $0.7^{\circ}C$, 10% between 0.7 and $0.9^{\circ}C$, and 0% over $0.9^{\circ}C$. 5. The results of treatment using Modified Evaluation System in Thoracolumbar Vertebral Fractures Method showed that 55% of patients achieved excellent recovery and 40% achived good recovery. After comparing the D.I.T.I. results before and after treatment, we found 50% of patients showed excellent recovery $({\Delta}T{\leq}0.2)$ and 40% showed good recovery$(0.2<{\Delta}T{\leq}0.5)$.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.131-154
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• 2012

In this paper, it is aimed to determine the seismic behaviour of highway bridges by nondestructive testing using ambient vibration measurements. Eynel Highway Bridge which has arch type structural system with a total length of 216 m and located in the Ayvaclk county of Samsun, Turkey is selected as an application. The bridge connects the villages which are separated with Suat U$\breve{g}$urlu Dam Lake. A three dimensional finite element model is first established for a highway bridge using project drawings and an analytical modal analysis is then performed to generate natural frequencies and mode shapes in the three orthogonal directions. The ambient vibration measurements are carried out on the bridge deck under natural excitation such as traffic, human walking and wind loads using Operational Modal Analysis. Sensitive seismic accelerometers are used to collect signals obtained from the experimental tests. To obtain experimental dynamic characteristics, two output-only system identification techniques are employed namely, Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition technique in the frequency domain and Stochastic Subspace Identification technique in time domain. Analytical and experimental dynamic characteristic are compared with each other and finite element model of the bridge is updated by changing of boundary conditions to reduce the differences between the results. It is demonstrated that the ambient vibration measurements are enough to identify the most significant modes of highway bridges. After finite element model updating, maximum differences between the natural frequencies are reduced averagely from 23% to 3%. The updated finite element model reflects the dynamic characteristics of the bridge better, and it can be used to predict the dynamic response under complex external forces. It is also helpful for further damage identification and health condition monitoring. Analytical model of the bridge before and after model updating is analyzed using 1992 Erzincan earthquake record to determine the seismic behaviour. It can be seen from the analysis results that displacements increase by the height of bridge columns and along to middle point of the deck and main arches. Bending moments have an increasing trend along to first and last 50 m and have a decreasing trend long to the middle of the main arches.

• 의료법학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.289-312
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• 2015

감염병의 전파력은 무섭다. 누구를 통해, 어디에서 감염되었는지를 알아내는 것 또한 그리 쉬운 일이 아니다. 오늘날은 교통의 발달로 인해 우리나라에는 없었던 바이러스성 감염병이 유입되고 전파될 확률도 그 만큼 커져있는 상황이다. 감염병은 무엇보다 그것이 유입되기 전에 그 예방과 차단을 철저히 해야 한다. 그럼에도 유입된 경우에는 국가는 조속히 그 확산을 방지할 책무가 있다. 어떤 경우에는 감염병이 지역과 국가를 넘어 세계적 유행 상황이 되는 경우도 있다. 물론 이 경우에는 그 어느 때보다 국가 간의 협력과 세계보건기구 등의 역할이 중요해 진다. 그렇지만 이런 상황에서도 국가의 역할이 감소되는 것은 아니다. 우리 감염병예방법과 검역법은 감염위험이 있는 자 외에, 감염위험 의심자에 대해서도 격리조치를 취할 수 있다고 규정하고 있다. 격리는 더 이상의 감염을 막기 위한 매우 실효적인 수단이지만, 또한 격리의 방법과 내용 등에 비례하여 그 대상자의 자유권은 제한된다. 특히 감염병이 빠르게 유행하고 있는 상황에서는 이에 편승하여 자의적, 불합리한 격리가 발생할 수 있는 가능성도 그만큼 커진다. 이 글은 이런 시각에 기초하여 격리를 통한 공중위생 안전의 확보와 인권의 조화 문제를 생각해 보았다.

• 의료법학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.3-20
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• 2018

약침행위는 한방의료에서 행하여져 오던 침구요법과 약물요법을 결합한 요법으로 최근에 특히 교통사고 환자를 중심으로 한방의료에서 행하여져 오고 있다. 하지만 약침행위에 사용되는 약제가 무엇인지도 분명하지 않으며 약침행위가 어떠한 효능을 가지고 있으며 어떠한 부작용의 위험이 있는지에 대해서도 거의 알려진 바가 없다. 우리나라에서는 양방의료와 한방의료를 구분하여 규율하고 있으며 양자의 규율방식 또한 상이하다. 특히 새로운 의료기술이 개발된 경우 엄격한 임상시험절차를 거쳐 정당한 의료행위로 허가되는 양방의료의 경우와는 달리 한방의료는 그와 같은 절차가 존재하지 아니한다. 한편 <의료법>상 무면허 의료행위는 의료면허가 없는 자가 의료행위를 하는 경우 뿐만 아니라 의료면허가 있는 의료인이 자신의 면허영역 이외의 의료행위를 하는 경우도 포함하고 있다. 따라서 양방의료와 한방의료의 경계가 무엇인가에 대한 논의는 매우 중요한 논의 중 하나이다. 의료행위가 면허에 의하여 허가되며 보호받는 이유 중 가장 큰 것은 의료행위 자체가 가지고 있는 인간의 생명 신체에 대한 침해 가능성 때문이다. 새로운 의료행위가 출현한 경우, 그것이 양방의료의 영역이건 한방의료의 영역이건 정당화의 근거로 인간의 생명 신체에 대한 위험성을 항상 고려하여야 한다. 현재 이루어지는 약침행위는 아직 그러한 검증을 거치지 아니한 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2011

본 연구는 PG기법을 적용한 도로환경의 개선이 운전자의 도로이용 만족도 및 주행속도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 도로 개선여부에 따른 만족도나 행동의 차이가 운전자의 주관적 운전부하 수준과 어떠한 관계를 가지는지 알아 보기 위해 시행되었다. 현장조사 결과를 바탕으로 시나리오를 제작하고 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 실험한 결과, 전반적으로 PG기법을 이용한 도로 개선 후 조건에 대해 운전자들이 더 높은 만족도를 보였으며, 위험구간에 접근하는 과정에서 나타나는 감속의 패턴도 더 안정적인 것으로 확인되었다. 주관적 운전부하 수준에 따른 감속 양상은 도로의 물리적 조건에 따라 조금씩 다르게 나타났으며, 주관적 운전부하가 높은 운전자들은 PG기법 이후 정보제공 부문의 개선사항에 대해 오히려 불만족하다는 반응을 보였다. 이는 운전자의 특성에 따라 유익한 정보가 때로는 운전을 방해하는 자극으로 해석될 수 있음을 의미한다. PG기법의 활성화 및 운전자의 안전운전을 유도하기 위해서는 PG기법과 관련을 가지는 인적요인, 특히 교통약자에 집중한 후속 연구가 이뤄져야 할 것이다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2011

최근 IEEE 802.15.6 을 중심으로 표준화가 진행중인 WBAN (Wireless Body Area Network) 은 인체 내부 혹은 인체로부터 3 미터 이내의 주변에서 일어나는 근거리 무선통신을 목적으로 하는 네트워크이다. 근거리 무선네트워크에서 효과적인 QoS 조절기법과 오디오 및 비디오 데이터를 한정된 대역폭에서의 효율적인 관리는 사용자 뿐 아니라, 통신네트워크의 부하측면에서도 중요한 요소이다. 본 논문에서는 IEEE 802.15.6 고속 WBAN 표준에서, 한정된 데이터에 대해 수퍼프레임의 조정을 통해 효율적인 대역관리를 해주는 동적 할당 알고리즘과 가중치 공평 큐잉(WFQ:Weighted Fair Queueing) 알고리즘을 제안한다. 이것은 Quality of Service (QoS)를 기준으로 한 큐잉 알고리즘을 바탕으로 QoS의 질적인 요소에 대해 robust한 성능을 나타내며 공평성을 유지하고 시스템 성능을 최대화하는 효율적인 알고리즘이다. 제안한 알고리즘에 대한 성능평가 결과, 동적 할당을 적용한 경우 전송대역폭은 최대 5배가 확장되었으며, 가중치 공평큐잉을 적용한 경우 throughput은 최대 24.3%가 개선되고, delay bound 문제가 해결됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2004

In general, the patients who transferred to the hospital by 119 rescue service at night go to the emergency room(ER) of general hospital rather than that of their nearby the 1st(clinic) and 2nd(local hospital) hospital. And the hospital is mainly selected not by 119 EMST but by patients or his/her conservators. Therefore we had studied retrospectively with emergency situation diary and medical chart for 697 patients of being transferred to one emergency medical center for 6 months since January 2004, and results are as follows. 1. The 280 patients(42.5%) of being transferred hospital at night by 119 rescue service were not emergency case and their average staying time in hospital was about $7.15{\pm}10.06$ minutes. 2. Transfer time was distributed in each time intervals of 1819, 2021, 2223, and 2401 and patients ratio in each intervals were 15.1%, 17.8%, 16.4%, and 15.2%. 3. In response of ambulance, the average time from the spot to the hospital was $14.53{\pm}9.27min$. and average distance of that was $7.95{\pm}9.21km$. 4. Diseases rather than traffic accidents or traumatic injury were main causes of ambulance calling and its value was 533(76.5%), and accidents were mainly occurred in patients' house and its value was 479(68.7%). 5. In time of transfer by 119 rescue service, hospital was mainly selected by patient/conservator and its value was 648(93.0%). In result. the hospital was selected not by EMST but by patient/conservator. 6. The case that the 1st grade EMT was rode in ambulance was 161(23.1%), and the case that 2nd EMT and emergency team member who educated for emergency were rode in ambulance were 504(72.3%). So the number of the 1st grade EMT was short in fire station of Kwangju metropolitan city than other city. 7. The first aids for patients before reaching hospital were limited to oxygen inhalation, airway control, and BLS for maintaining limbs and spine. So it seems to be a simple patients transfer. Consequently, to establish an efficient emergency medical system, it has been thought that it should be advanced a moderate education and public information about the appropriate use of emergency medical system toward citizen, and also need the hospital selection by the patients categorizing standards for 119 rescue service member, securing the 1st grade EMT, appropriate first-aids education, and securing professional human power in emergency room of the Ist(clinic) and 2nd(local hospital) hospital at night.