• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.922-940
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• 2019

Obesity, represented by abnormal fat accumulation due to an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, is a major public health issue worldwide, leading to multiple noncommunicable diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Diverse solutions have been proposed to combat obesity. Attention has focused on two types of adipose tissues as a promising therapeutic target in obesity: traditional brown and beige or brite. Unlike energy-storing white adipose (endocrine) tissue, traditional brown adipose tissue and beige adipose tissue have energy-dissipating thermogenic properties. Both types of tissue are present in adult humans and inducible through external stimuli, such as cold exposure, ${\beta}3$-adrenergic receptor agonists, and phytochemicals. Among these stimuli, microbiota present in the human intestinal tract participate in multiple metabolic activities. Modulation of gut microbiota may offer a potent and possibly curative strategy against various metabolic diseases. Numerous studies have focused on the effects of established antiobesity treatments on the gut microenvironment or brown-adipose-tissue activation. In this review, we focus mainly on stimuli known to alleviate obesity, weight gain, and metabolic diseases, in addition to known and possible inter-relations between gut microbiota modulation and similar interventions and adipose tissue browning. The findings may pave the way toward new strategies against obesity.

• Korea and Global Affairs
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.107-150
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• 2019

The article is intended to examine the four main vocalists, including Freddie Mercury, of the legendary rock group Queen, whose movie has generated a "Queen Syndrome" all over the world, and is widely shared by nearly 10 million viewers in Korea. In today's era of cultural content, this paper studied the relationship between their personality and character in the sense of storytelling for the four Queen members who left charismatic voices and beautiful pop music harmonies. As a theoretical background, I will focus our research on the members' psychological and human factors for the popularization of rock music, but I will apply the environmental factors that each member has been born and lived in, as well as the factors of family relations, such as parents. Queen is a band that has performed throughout the world for about 20 years, from the early 1970s to the birth and disappearance of a rock group. In sum, the four members of Queen, who have strong personalities, showed various musical possibilities by combining completely different genres such as acafella, ballad, opera and hard rock, depending on their taste and imagination, and achieved legendary fame that transcended generations by displaying excellent skills in communicating with the public. The four personality and characters, the rock group Queen and its main vocal Freddie Mercury, were the feet of association calculated by correlation from internal to external influences.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.163-177
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• 2019

This study is concerned with "fiction" as a new form of writing over the limits of the post-modernist theater/arts. Fiction is not something illusory that demands the audience's empathy but something that unveils form's disinterest in content. Thus, in this paper, I examine a fiction as the opposition of any representational norm and words' old mimesis. Rebutting the crisis of post-modern art and the end of images, philosopher Jacque $Ranci{\grave{e}}re$ mentions the possibility of appropriating similarity in an imitative way by twisting Platonic mimesis. The image of this similarity wanders alongside the loss of signification, unmasking the form's indifference to content. These wandering words represent their own truth "in a way fossils or grooved stones encapsulate histories" as hieroglyphics. This "fiction" as an alternative of post-modernist plays is not any confrontation of reality but the "movement of thinking" that allows the human spirit to play in a way of shaping "some substantiality." In this sense, I examines works by two French writers, $Jo{\ddot{e}}l$ Pommerat (1963~) and Jean-Claude Grumberg (1939~ ) who have carried out their writing practices of appropriating similarity that dissolves any simple "immediate reflection" for non-intermediate relations between the producing and the produced. Their writing is a cross of literary creation and "le politique" as a new aesthetic practice of writing and reveals the movement of thinking, departing from the preexisting concept of fiction.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.434-443
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze hotel chefs' perceptions of each type of leadership, to help improve teamwork and work efficiency through the improvement of job satisfaction and work skills by hotel cooks and the impact of leadership on human relations. In particular, by conducting Q methodological analysis on the subjectivity of the total chef's leadership type recognized by hotel chefs in vertical command systems according to the nature of the work in the hotel company. The analysis of leadership types showed that Type 1 (N=4): both transformative and servent leadership is a combination of preferences or non-preferences, Type 2 (N=4): transformative leadership preference, Type 3 (N=3): both transformative and non-preferred leadership. The leadership of the executive chef, recognized by hotel chefs, is believed to prefer leadership that is considered for individual situations that match each other's experiences and work skills (ability values) rather than uniform leadership such as transformational or servent leadership. Along with the theoretical discussion of Q methodology, the leadership type is explained, and based on the subjectivity research analysis method of Q analysis, the subjectivity of hotel chefs will be identified in various ways and new leadership will be presented.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.1409-1419
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• 2021

A growing number of healthy dietary ingredients in fruits and vegetables have been shown to exhibit diverse biological activities. Phloretin, a dihydrochalcone flavonoid that is abundant in apples and pears, has anti-inflammatory effects on ulcerative colitis (UC) mice. The gut microbiota and metabolism are closely related to each other due to the existence of the food-gut axis in the human colon. To investigate the interplay of faecal metabolites and the microbiota in UC mice after phloretin treatment, phloretin (60 mg/kg) was administered by gavage to ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in mice. Gut microbes and faecal metabolite profiles were detected by high-throughput sequencing and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, respectively. The correlations between gut microbes and their metabolites were evaluated by Spearman correlation coefficients. The results indicated that phloretin reshaped the disturbed faecal metabolite profile in UC mice and improved the metabolic pathways by balancing the composition of faecal metabolites such as norepinephrine, mesalazine, tyrosine, 5-acetyl-2,4-dimethyloxazole, and 6-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4(1H)-pyridinone. Correlation analysis identified the relations between the gut microbes and their metabolites. Proteus was negatively related to many faecal metabolites, such as norepinephrine, L-tyrosine, laccarin, dopamine glucuronide, and 5-acetyl-2,4-dimethyloxazole. The abundance of unidentified Bacteriodales_S24-7_group was positively related to ecgonine, 15-KETE and 6-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4(1H)-pyridinone. The abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group was negatively related to the levels of 15-KETE and netilmicin. Stenotrophomonas and 15-KETE were negatively related, while Intestinimonas and alanyl-serine were positively related. In conclusion, phloretin treatment had positive impacts on faecal metabolites in UC mice, and the changes in faecal metabolites were closely related to the gut microbiota.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.3-10
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• 2019

In school facilities, space is the basic framework. The structure and arrangement of space will provide the form and feel of school facilities. In order to become a high-quality school facility, it is necessary to focus on the educational, human and ecological aspects of the instructor and learner until the space is conceived, designed and completed. However, even when public education was introduced in the past, it did not become a school space considering this aspect. The school space, which focuses on efficiency and labor production, is a school space that reflects the characteristics of a factory-type school, which has been occupied by a large number until recently. Although efforts to improve the quality of school facilities have been attempted in recent years, there is also a need to pursue more active changes. Future-oriented and progressive school spaces include flexibility, connectivity, individualization, diversity(creativity). In other words, space should be flexible so that it can be used faithfully according to the educational situation, not the fixed and limited school space as in the past. In the future, the school space should be open and securely linked to the place where it is essential to complete community relations with the community. In addition, space should be flexible so that the school can meet the needs of each student as much as possible. And the school space should be transformed from the space design of the past fixed pattern to reflect the close relationship between spatial, psychological, physiological, and behavioral areas. When school space needs to shift away from the past and change in a new future-oriented direction, the remaining tasks should be presented with specific characteristics and content of the direction. And the function of the consignment should be handled by related research. Although the text of this study reveals the characteristics of future-oriented school space, more concrete and empirical research results should be presented by subsequent research at home and abroad. It is necessary to reduce trial and error in creating a future-oriented school space where both professors and learners can be satisfied by analyzing the common points and differences between the results of the study. In order to do this, it is necessary to make efforts to approach such research based on the participation of the subjects who teach and learn directly at the school site.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.33
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• pp.195-222
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• 2016

This study says that giving a life through the mixed power of motions which can not be fixed. It is a fundamental activity of the art of dance. In the fact, the art of dance is defined as the most instinctive and intuitive arts show that dance is a harmony of emotion on the body, thus, this view wants to discuss the relations between "sense and body". This view doesn't focus on the mere motions of dancing form, but characterizes dance as an art of another vitality through the mixture and combination of these motions. In other words, this study emphasizes that dance transcends time and space on stages, and that dance, as an expression of identity, is an art which shows a sense from inside of human. Therefore, when we want to understand the true meaning of the art of dance, we should attend what attributes of dance define it as an art and show its creative. This study, thus, seeing those attributes as the life-giving function of dance, aims to help understand the principle meaning of the art of dance that realizes creation as well as the attitudes of audience who appreciate the art of dance. And by doing so, this study contemplates how we should see the creative idea of choreography, forming sympathy and the art of dance.

• (The)Korea Educational Review
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.169-192
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relations between religious socialism and education of Martin Buber(1878~1965), a theistic existentialist. Buber suggested religious socialism as an alternative to modern capitalist society which has many problems. Buber's religious socialism is based on the communitarianism of Hasidism. Buber considered 'true' socialism must be based on decentralized associations, not based on centralized state apparatuses. For establishing this kind of socialism, human will and mind are the most important. Thus, education takes a very important role in the process of social transformation. According to Buber, education and pedagogy should contribute to overcoming modern society's problems by pursuing the construction of community(true socialist society). For Buber, education for individuals' character and education for building community are not separated but combined. That is, although education takes a main role in the social transformation, it should not be considered just as an instrument for the social transformation. This is the main distinction between Buber's thought and other key socialists' thoughts on social transformation and education, because many of socialists who stress the role of education in the process of social transformation, tend to regard education as an instrument for the social transformation. According to Buber, education can contribute to social transformation without being an instrument for the social transformation. These ideas of Buber on religious socialism and education have important implications for educators and educationalists who hope education contributes to solving problems of modern society.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.145-171
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• 2018

Laos' 2017 is a year of political "stagnation" and economic "change". In the political arena, despite the achievements such as the improvement of the corruption perception index (CPI), it is necessary to watch the progress of the reform. Diplomatically, the influence of China is expected to increase further. In particular, since November 2017, Xi Jinping's visit to Laos is expected to strengthen the framework of cooperation between the economic corridor and Lanchang-Mekong Cooperation Meeting. And Laos continued to have friendly relations with other neighboring countries, the ASEAN countries. However, the issue of the Laos-Cambodian border issue following the general election in Cambodia may recur. The economic sector maintained a high growth rate due to capital inflows from the construction of large infrastructures and the favorable tourism industry, but structural problems such as deficits in the fiscal and current account should be resolved. Korea and Laos discussed the comprehensive cooperation between the two countries through the Mekong Senior Officials' Meeting in March 2017 and the Ministerial Meeting of the Korean-Lao Foreign Minister in September 2017. Laos is Korea's eighth ODA aid (grant), and ODA will become an important diplomatic cooperation channel between the two countries in the future. In the economic relationship, the trade sector is on a declining trend, but investment and human exchanges are steadily increasing.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.93-135
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• 2017

Due to their geographic proximity to Beijing, the Southeast Asian states under the fallout of the China's growing power are struggling to seek the art of diplomacy to promote their national interests. This study explores why Cambodia previously taking a pro-US strategy after the end of the Cold War has switched to a pro-China one in the context of the rise of G-2 system, the ASEAN regionalism, the country's national interest and Hun Sen's regime legitimation. Theoretically, this study takes a realist constructivist approach and tries to find how realist interests and norms have affected the Hun Sen's regime legitimation. The relationship between China and Cambodia has been deepened by mutual economic interdependence and increasingly stronger Chinese power. Especially, the Chinese massive economic aids and investment have enormously supported the regime legitimation of Hun Sen. On the other hand, The US value diplomacy promoting democracy and human rights has undermined the Hun Sen's legitimacy and strained the two nations' relationship. However, the Hun Sen's pro-China strategy is not to check and balance against US strategic interests and not to recognize the Chinese hegemonic position in Southeast Asia. It is a hedging against the US value diplomacy while maximizing economic and other gains from China. ASEAN has been playing a coordinating role to limit the scope of power politics among big powers and to mitigate its ramifications. Yet, since the US and Chinese interests are so keenly criss-crossing, Cambodia may continue to react to the G-2 system through bilateral relations with them.