• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.731-741
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• 2000

This paper proposes a method to detect a facial region and extract facial features which is crucial for visual recognition of human faces. In this paper, we extract the MER(Minimum Enclosing Rectangle) of a face and facial components using projection analysis on both edge image and binary image. We use an active contour model(snakes) for extraction of the contours of eye, mouth, eyebrow, and face in order to reflect the individual differences of facial shapes and converge quickly. The determination of initial contour is very important for the performance of snakes. Particularly, we detect Minimum Enclosing Rectangle(MER) of facial components and then determine initial contours using general shape of facial components within the boundary of the obtained MER. We obtained experimental results to show that MER extraction of the eye, mouth, and face was performed successfully. But in the case of images with bright eyebrow, MER extraction of eyebrow was performed poorly. We obtained good contour extraction with the individual differences of facial shapes. Particularly, in the eye contour extraction, we combined edges by first order derivative operator and zero crossings by second order derivative operator in designing energy function of snakes, and we achieved good eye contours. For the face contour extraction, we used both edges and grey level intensity of pixels in designing of energy function. Good face contours were extracted as well.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1014-1032
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• 2020

This work aimed to investigate the psychobiotic effects of six bacterial strains on the mind and behavior of male Wistar rats. The probiotic (PRO) group (n=7) were rats pre-treated with antibiotics for 7 days followed by 14-day probiotic administration, antibiotics (ANT) group (n=7) were rats treated with antibiotics for 21 days without probiotics. The control (CON) group (n=7) were rats that received sham treatment for 21 days. The six bacterial strains with probiotic properties were mostly isolated from Thai fermented foods; Pedicoccus pentosaceus WS11, Lactobacillus plantarum SK321, L. fermentum SK324, L. brevis TRBC 3003, Bifidobacterium adolescentis TBRC 7154 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis TBRC 375. The probiotics were freeze-dried into powder (6×10⁹ CFU/5 g) and administered to the PRO group via oral gavage. Behavioral tests were performed. The PRO group displayed significantly reduced anxiety level and increased locomotor function using a marble burying test and open field test, respectively and significantly improved short-term memory performance using a novel object recognition test. Antibiotics significantly reduced microbial counts in rat feces in the ANT group by 100 fold compared to the PRO group. Probiotics significantly enhanced antioxidant enzymatic and non-enzymatic defenses in rat brains as assessed using catalase activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, respectively. Probiotics also showed neuroprotective effects with less pyknotic cells and lower frequency of vacuolization in cerebral cortex. This multi-strain probiotic formulation from Thai fermented foods may offer a potential to develop psychobiotic-rich functional foods to modulate human mind and behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.473-478
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• 2005

The gastric cancer takes the great part of the cancer occurrence and the mortality from cancer in Korea, and the early detection of gastric cancer is very important in the treatment and convalescence. This paper. for the early detection of gastric cancer, Proposes the analysis system of endoscopic image of the stomach that detects the abnormal region by using the change of color in the image and provides the surface tissue information to the detector. While the advanced inflammation and the cancer may be easily detected, the early inflammation and the cancer have a difficulty in detection and require the more attention lot detection. This paper, at first, converts the endoscopic image to the Image of IHb(Index of Hemoglobin) model and removes noises incurred by illumination, and next, automatically detects the regions suspected as cancer and provides the related information to the detector, or provides the surface tissue information for the regions appointed by the detector. This paper does not intend to provide the final diagnosis of the detected abnormal regions as gastric cancer, but provides the supplementary mean that reduces the load and mistaken diagnosis of the detector by automatically detecting the abnormal regions being not easily detected by human eyes and providing the additional information for the diagnosis. The experiments using practical endoscopic images for performance evaluation showed that the proposed system is effective in the analysis of endoscopic image of the stomach.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.79-94
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• 2004

The Internet is now an ubiquitous technology in business and possesses the potential to make the concept of value chain into an attainable reality. We posit that the way the Internet is utilized, the extent of the Internet's impact on business performance, and the extent the firms are prepared to take advantage of the Internet varies from country to country and from industry to industry. Based on data collected from 54 firms in the U.S. and 135 in South Korea, we compared the two countries (U.S. and South Korea) and two major industry groups (manufacturing and service) regarding the pattern of Internet utilization on the Internet from a value chain perspective. The findings show that U.S. companies utilize the Internet more extensively in such areas as human resources management, automation, sales, and advertising than the South Korean counterparts. However, we did not find a statistically significant difference in the way the two countries use the Internet within a value chain model. We also compared Internet practices by industry sector (i.e., service vs. manufacturing) within each country. The results show that firms in the service sector tend to use the Internet more extensively than the manufacturing counterparts in both countries. Particularly in Korea the difference between the sectors was significant in the extent to which they utilized the Internet to support such business activities as inter-organizational alliance, communication, and marketing.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 2017

The person Re-identification is the most challenging part of computer vision due to the significant changes in human pose and background clutter with occlusions. The picture from non-overlapping cameras enhance the difficulty to distinguish some person from the other. To reach a better performance match, most methods use feature selection and distance metrics separately to get discriminative representations and proper distance to describe the similarity between person and kind of ignoring some significant features. This situation has encouraged us to consider a novel method to deal with this problem. In this paper, we proposed an enhanced recurrent neural network with three-tier hierarchical network for person re-identification. Specifically, the proposed recurrent neural network (RNN) model contain an iterative expectation maximum (EM) algorithm and three-tier Hierarchical network to jointly learn both the discriminative features and metrics distance. The iterative EM algorithm can fully use of the feature extraction ability of convolutional neural network (CNN) which is in series before the RNN. By unsupervised learning, the EM framework can change the labels of the patches and train larger datasets. Through the three-tier hierarchical network, the convolutional neural network, recurrent network and pooling layer can jointly be a feature extractor to better train the network. The experimental result shows that comparing with other researchers' approaches in this field, this method also can get a competitive accuracy. The influence of different component of this method will be analyzed and evaluated in the future research.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Watermelons (Citrulus vulgaris Schrad) are usually sorted manually by weight, appearance, and acoustic impulse, so grading of maturity and internal quality is subject to inaccuracies. It was necessary to develop a nondestructive evaluation technique of internal watermelon quality to reduce human error. Thus, acoustic characteristics related to internal quality factors were analyzed. Among these factors, three (ripeness, presence of an internal cavity, and blood-colored flesh) were selected for evaluation. The number of peaks and the sum of peak amplitudes for watermelons with blood-colored flesh were lower than for normal fruits. The portable evaluation system has an impact mechanism, a microphone sensor, a signal processing board, an LCD panel, and a battery. A performance test was conducted in the field. The internal quality evaluation model showed 87% prediction accuracy. Validation was conducted on 72 samples. The accuracy of quality evaluation was 83%. The quality of samples was evaluated by an inspector using conventional methods (hitting the watermelon and listening to the sounds), and then compared with prototype results. The quality evaluation accuracy of the prototype was better than that of the inspector. This nondestructive quality evaluation system could be useful in the field, warehouse, and supermarket

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.335-340
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• 1997

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques allow the enumeration of chromosome abnormalities and from a great potential for many clinical applications. In order to produce quantitative and reproducible results, expensive tools such as a cooled CCD camera and a computer software are required. We have developed a Chromosome Image Processing System (Chips) using FISH that allows the detection and mapping of the genetic aberrations. The aim of our study, therefore, is to evaluate the capabilities of our original system using a black-and-white video camera. As a model system, three repetitive DNA probes (D18Z1, DXZ1, and DYZ3) were hybridized to variety different clinical samples such as human metaphase spreads and interphase nuclei obtained from uncultured peripheral blood lymphocytes, uncultured amniocytes, and germ cells. The visualization of the FISH signals was performed using our system for image acquisition and pseudocoloring. FISH images were obtained by combining images from each of probes and DAPI counterstain captured separately. Using our original system, the aberrations of single or multiple chromosomes in a single hybridization experiment using chromosomes and interphase nuclei from a variety of cell types, including lymphocytes, amniocytes, sperm, and biopsied blastomeres, were enabled to evaluate. There were no differences in the image quality in accordance with FISH method, fluorochrome types, or different clinical samples. Always bright signals were detected using our system. Our system also yielded constant results. Our Chips would permit a level of performance of FISH analysis on metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei with unparalleled capabilities. Thus, it would be useful for clinical purposes.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.47-56
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• 2010

The construction of new roads and the consistent extension of already-existing roads or the line-shape revision of those roads are increased with the governmental investment to SOC facilities currently. Accordingly, the road cut slopes are in the trend of rapidly increasing. As the road slope has increased, a lot of human and property damages has entailed consequently and in the local case, numerous studies have carried out aiming at minimizing this damages caused by the rockfall and landslide. In general, standard falling rock prevention facility has employed for most of the local road slope based on "Guide for Installation and Management of Road Safety Facilities" published by MLTM(the Ministry of Land, Transport, and Maritime Affairs) but profound doubt has raised as to whether this rockfall prevention facility would function properly enough to prevent rockfall efficiently without any damages in case of actual occurrence of rockfall. In addition, it is a reality that in most cases, such work is relied on overseas technology as a whole as the local technical level is low and in case of rockfall prevention net, it is judged that a study on rockfall prevention net that is able to endure more powerful rockfall energy is required as the problem including net bursting is taken place as a result of enough bearing force being failed to be demonstrated due to its partial weak point(not uniformly made). Under this background, in this study, three kinds of model depending on mesh size of expanded metal that is considered to have an adoptability as rockfall prevention net, as target are selected and characteristics depending on mesh size of expanded metal is intended to be researched through a pull-out test performance by using pull-out test equipment rockfall prevention net.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.771-782
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• 2017

This paper describes the development of a wearable robot to assist ankle power for the elderly. Previously developed wearable robots have generally used motors and gears to assist muscle power during walking. However, the combination of motor and reduction gear is heavy and has limitations on the simultaneous control of stiffness and torque due to the friction of the gear reducer unlike human muscles. Therefore, in this study, Mckibben pneumatic muscle, which is lighter, safer, and more powerful than an electric motor with gear, was used to assist ankle joint. Antagonistic actuation using a pair of pneumatic muscles assisted the power of the soleus muscles and tibialis anterior muscles used for the pitching motion of the ankle joint, and the model parameters of the antagonistic actuator were experimentally derived using a muscle test platform. To recognize the wearer's walking intention, foot load and ankle torque were calculated by measuring the pressure and the center of pressure of the foot using force and linear displacement sensors, and the stiffness and the torque of the pneumatic muscle joint were then controlled by the calculated ankle torque and foot load. Finally, the performance of the developed ankle power assistive robot was experimentally verified by measuring EMG signals during walking experiments on a treadmill.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.855-865
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• 2018

Sound event detection is one of the research areas to model human auditory cognitive characteristics by recognizing events in an environment with multiple acoustic events and determining the onset and offset time for each event. DCASE, a research group on acoustic scene classification and sound event detection, is proceeding challenges to encourage participation of researchers and to activate sound event detection research. However, the size of the dataset provided by the DCASE Challenge is relatively small compared to ImageNet, which is a representative dataset for visual object recognition, and there are not many open sources for the acoustic dataset. In this study, the sound events that can occur in indoor and outdoor are collected on a larger scale and annotated for dataset construction. Furthermore, to improve the performance of the sound event detection task, we developed a dual CNN structured sound event detection system by adding a supplementary neural network to a convolutional neural network to determine the presence of sound events. Finally, we conducted a comparative experiment with both baseline systems of the DCASE 2016 and 2017.