• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.908-915
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• 1996

Protein concentration in human from 39 well-norished American women and its adequacy for growth of exclusively breastfed infants(BF) and breastfed infants fed supplementary foods(BFS)from 1-6 months postpartum were studied. Mean protein concentration of breast milk measured by Lowry et al., using human serum albumin as a standard, over the first 6 months lactation was 1.31$\pm$0.13g/dl. Concentration of protein was singnificantly higher at the first month of lactation (1.55$\pm$0.23g/dl)(P<0.05) than any other month studied. Mean volume of breast milk ranged from 662-848ml/day in the BE group and from 415-661ml/day in the BFS group during the first 6 months of lactation. Mean protein intake of infants ranged from 1.3-2.2g/kg in the BF group and from 1.4-2.1g/kg in the BFS group. Mean protein intake (g/kg body weight) of both BF and BFS groups was less than Recmmended Dietary Allowance(1989, USA) of 2.2g/kg except at 1 month of age. However, mean growth of the infants was normal according to NCHS reference, suggesting that the RDA for protein was unrealistically high for infants during 2-6 months of age. Protein provided by breast milk alone appeared adequate for normal growth during this time.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.87-91
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• 1997

식혜에 함유된 이소말토올리고당과 밥알에 30unit/ml의 $\alpha$-아밀라아제, 글루코아밀라아제, $\alpha$-글루코시다아제, $\beta$-아밀라아제를 가하여 작용시킨 결과 글루코아밀라아제 외에는 일부밖에 가수분해하지 못하였다. 그리고, 인체의 효소인 $\alpha$-아밀라아제와 $\alpha$-글루코시다아제를 함께 작용시켜도 25% 이상 가수분해하지 못하므로 비피두스균의 활성인자로 작용할 것으로 보인다. 밥알은 물에 녹지 않기 때문에 식이섬유로도 작용할 것으로 보인다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권11호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2005

This study investigated the recognition and preference of native local foods in area by students living in Jeonju. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SPSS 10.0 program. The recognition of native local foods was generally poor: Among 56 kinds of native foods only Jeonjubibimbab, Jeonjukongnamulkukbob and Sunsoonsabockbunjasul were highly recognized, whereas the other native foods (such as Pungchyunjangaguvi. Namwonchuatang, Jeonjukongnamulkukbob, Sunsoonsabockbunjasul, Pungchyunjangaguyi, Namwonchuatang, Minmulgokiajuk etc.) were very poorly recognized by students. About $48.6\%$ of the students acquired the knowledge on cooking the native local foods from their mother or grandmother. About half of the students had eaten the native local foods in a restaurant, but not at home. The reasons to eat the native local foods were 'curiosity', 'favorite' and 'consider about health and nutrition'. The most common frequency of consumption of the native foods by the students was once a month($24.0\%$). However $74.9\%$ of the students did not eat local foods because they did not have a opportunity to eat them. About $49.1\%$ of the students responded that the 'unknown cooking method' was an important problem for the further development for native local foods. Most of the students($97.3\%$) responded, somewhat hypocritically, that native local foods were a very important part of our culture, so they must be maintained. In conclusion, the further development of native local foods was dependent on the cooperation with different institutions (e.g. marketing of local mass media, local events, family education).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.445-454
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• 2003

Concept and establishment of essential amino acids in animals and human beings rendered immeasurable contributions to animal production and human health. In ruminant animals, however, essential amino acids have never been completely established. The present review proposes a hypothesis that histidine may not be an essential amino acid for normal growing cattle (Japanese black) at least at the growing stage after about 450 kg of body weight on the basis of the experimental results of histidinol dehydrogenase activities in some tissues of the cattle together with hints from which the hypothesis was derived. At the same time, histidinol dehydrogenase activities in liver, kidney and muscle of swine, mouse, fowl and wild duck will be shown and the essentiality of histidine in these animals will be discussed. Finally, the essentiality of histidine for adult human will briefly be discussed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.585-591
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• 2006

The amount of sodium in the processed foods was evaluated by the information on the nutrition label. One-meal type foods as Ramen, Woodong, Naengmyon provide the most sodium reaching 30 - 70% DV per serving size. In Ramen not much difference was observed for the sodium content by food companies though each company provides various amount of sodium reducing as much as 25% DV. The proportion of female college students who read the nutrition information reached 62% but it remained 32% on the sodium information. They purchase low sodium foods rarely however their intention to buy low sodium foods increased up to 40% in condition that sodium information is given on the food label. Nevertheless 50% of them would not buy low sodium food if the taste is undesirable. Low sodium ramen cooked with 80% soup-base was acceptable by the subjects. Majority of them responded the soup was rather salty indicating the reduction of sodium in ramyeon is possible.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.48-57
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• 1991

The longitudinal changes on human milk volume per day and lactational performance of Korean primiparae(n=9) and multiparae(n=6) from 0.5 month to 5 months after parturition have been studied by test-weighing method. The human milk volume per day tended to increase during lactation. The mean volume to the 3rd month of lactation was 643m1 for primiparae and 654m1 for multiparae, and it was 647 $\pm$ 182m1 for both of them. The mean volume to the 5th month of lactation was 648m1 for primiparae and 668m1 for multiparae, and it was 658$\pm$186$m\ell$ for both of them. The peak volume was observed at the 1st month of lactation in 8 women of 15 lactating women, that is, 53.3% . The high distributions of the individual mean volume to the 5th month were found 550~650$m\ell$(40.0% ) and 650~750$m\ell$(26.7% ). and 13 women of 15 lactating women(86.6% ) were observed below 750m1. The number of feeding per day was 7.7~9.3 to the 5th month and the mean volume per feeding was 65~101$m\ell$. While the former tended to decreased, the latter increased during lactation. The human milk volume was correlated with the peak volume. but not with maternal age. weight before delivery. maternal height and birth weight. As mentioned above, the human milk volume of Koreans was about 658$\pm$ 186$m\ell$ and 86.6% of it was below 750$m\ell$. So the human milk volume, referred to as 800$m\ell$ in recommended dietary allowances for Koreans might be estimated over real amount. It is necessary to study according to regions. socioeconomic levels. maternal nutritional status and the early stage of lactation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.440-447
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• 2004

In this study the in vitro protective effects of several antioxidant vitamins (vitamin C, $\alpha$-tocopherol, $\beta$-carotene), fruits and vegetables (strawberry, tangerine, orange and 100％ orange juice, carrot juice), on the levels of isolated human lymphocyte DNA damage was measured using Comet assay. Comet assay has been used widely to assess the level of the DNA damage in the individual cells. Lymphocytes were pre-treated for 30 minutes with antioxidant vitamins (10, 50, 100, 500 $\mu$M) or fruits$.$vegetables (10, 100, 500, 1000 $\mu$g/ml), an4 then oxidatively challenged with 100 $\mu$M $H_2O$$_2$ for 5 min at 4$^{\circ}C$. The protective effect of antioxidant vitamins against DNA damage at a concentration of 50 $\mu$M were 50％ in vitamin C, 32％ in $\alpha$-tocopherol, whereas, fJ-carotene showed a 55％ protection at a dose as low as 10 $\mu$M. The inhibitory effects of DNA damage by strawberry, tangerine, orange, orange juices, carrot juices were 50 - 60％ with wide ranges of doses. The results of the present study indicate that most the antioxidant vitamins and fruits$.$vegetables juices produced a significant reduction in oxidative DNA damage.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.707-714
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• 1998

This cross-sectional study was designed to describe in nutritional and health status of the Korean elderly residing in America using demographic variables, dietary, anthropometric and functional status indicators, and to investigate possible relationships among these variables. Sixty elderly persons aged 61-91 years were assessed in their homes. Dietary intake was estimated by the 24-hour recall and brief dietary questionnaire. The following anthropometric measures were taken : weight, height, knee height, triceps skinfold, and midarm circumference. Functional status was measured by activities of daily living(ADLs), instrumental activities of daily living(IADLs) questionnaires, and a measure of psychosocial status as "happiness score"(a life satisfaction questionnaire). Intakes of energy, calcium, magnesium, folacin, vitamin B6, and zinc were low in this elderly sample. Females 75 years of age and older had extremely low energy intakes. A large percentage of subjects reported difficulty with both activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living. Subjects over 75 years of age reported more difficulty than younger subjects for most activities. Gender differnces were seen in anthropometric variables and energy intake. Happiness scores were similar in subjects, regardless of age or gender, however, happiness score was significantly correlated with the energy and protein intake(p<0.05). Several difficulties were encountered during the assessment of this elderly sample. The conditions in the home were unpredictable and often inadequate for the anthropometric measures in particular. Further research is needed to improve current methodologies so that they may be more adaptable to the conditions found in homes. in homes.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2003

This study investigated the effects of dietary phyate reduction on the apparent absorption and biochemical parameters of iron status in young Korean women. Fourteen healthy, young women consumed low and high phytate diets for ten days of each experimental period. Duplicate diet samples, a fasting blood sample on day 9, and complete fecal samples for five consecutive days starting from day 5 of each diet period were collected. The iron content of diet and fecal samples were analyzed to calculate apparent absorption. Serum samples were analyzed for iron, ferritin, transferrin receptor and TIBC; transferrin saturation was also calculated. The apparent absorption of iron tended to increase in the low phytate period (32.51%) compared to the high phytate period (17.91%), but the difference was not significant (p=0.06). Serum ferritin decreased and serum transferrin receptor increased significantly during the low phytate diet although the mean values were within the normal range. Serum iron and transferrin saturation did not change significantly. In conclusion, the results indicated that reducing dietary phytate for ten days negatively affected iron nutritional parameters, but it moderately and positively affected apparent iron absorption in young Korean women. Further research on the long-term effects of a low phytate diet with an adequate iron content for vows Korean women is necessary.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.72-82
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• 2003

We here outlined our study on the variations in intake of nutrients based on four season 7 consecutive day weighed diet records (WDRs) from 80 Japanese female dietitians in 1996 - 1997. Furthermore, we reviewed Japanese, Korean and international articles investigating variability in consumption of foods as well as nutrients. The relative contributions of variation for all nutrients by person were greater than those by day, week and season. Within individual variances were greater than that between individual variances, being generally observed in Korea and in the world. The ratios of within- vs. between-individual variations ranged from 1.3-26.9 in our study, the ratios being greatest in Korean, followed by Japanese and western people. Based on within individual coefficients of variation, minimal days necessary for estimating nutrient consumption per person within 10％ (20％) of the true mean with 95％ confidence intervals were estimated. They ranged from 10-35 (3-9) days for energy and major nutrients and 15-640(4-160) days for micro-nutrients. Two Japanese studies reported that the ratios for foods were as a whole greater than those for nutrients, except for cereals, rice and milk. (J community Nutrition 5(2) : 72-82,2003).