• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2018

Objective: To compare head and hand movement patterns during squash forehand motions between experts and less-skilled squash players. Method: Four experts and four less-skilled squash players participated in this study. They performed squash forehand swings and a VICON motion analysis system was used to obtain displacement and velocity data of the head and right hand during the movement. Mann-Whitney U-tests were performed to compare head and hand range of motion and peak velocity, and cross-correlation was performed to analyze the head-hand coordination pattern between groups in three movement directions. Results: In terms of head and hand kinematic data, experts had greater head range of motion during down swings than less-skilled squash players. Experts seemed to reach peak hand velocity at impact by reaching peak head velocity followed by hand peak velocity within a given temporal sequence. In terms of head-hand coordination patterns, both groups revealed high positive correlations in the medial-lateral direction, indicating a dominant allocentric coordination pattern. However, experts had uncoupled coordination patterns in the vertical direction and less-skilled squash players had high positive correlations. These results indicate that the head-hand movement pattern likely an important factor squash forehand movement. Conclusion: Analysis of head and hand movement patterns could be a key variable in squash training to reach expert-level performance.

• Korean Architects
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• s.612
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• pp.140-143
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• 2020

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5440-5445
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• 2014

Many studies have examined robot control using human bio signals but complicated signal processing and expensive hardware are necessary. This study proposes a method to recognize a human's hand motion using a low-cost EMG sensor and Flex sensor. The method to classify movement of the hand and finger is determined from the change in output voltage measured through MCU. The analog reference voltage is determined to be 3.3V to increase the resolution of movement identification through experiment. The robotic hand is designed to realize the identified movement. The hand has four fingers and a wrist that are controlled using pneumatic cylinders and a DC servo motor, respectively. The results show that the proposed simple method can realize human hand motion in a remote environment using the fabricated robotic hand.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2017

We propose classification algorithms for human and dog movement. The proposed algorithms use micro-Doppler signals obtained from humans and dogs moving in four different directions. A two-stage classifier based on a support vector machine (SVM) is proposed, which uses a radial-based function (RBF) kernel and $16^{th}$-order linear predictive code (LPC) coefficients as feature vectors. With the proposed algorithms, we obtain the best classification results when a first-level SVM classifies the type of movement, and then, a second-level SVM classifies the moving object. We obtain the correct classification probability 95.54% of the time, on average. Next, to deal with the difficult classification problem of human and dog running, we propose a two-layer convolutional neural network (CNN). The proposed CNN is composed of six ($6{\times}6$) convolution filters at the first and second layers, with ($5{\times}5$) max pooling for the first layer and ($2{\times}2$) max pooling for the second layer. The proposed CNN-based classifier adopts an auto regressive spectrogram as the feature image obtained from the $16^{th}$-order LPC vectors for a specific time duration. The proposed CNN exhibits 100% classification accuracy and outperforms the SVM-based classifier. These results show that the proposed classifiers can be used for human and dog classification systems and also for classification problems using data obtained from an ultra-wideband (UWB) sensor.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1919-1931
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• 2005

Human joint motion can be kinematically described in three planes, typically the frontal, sagittal, and transverse, and related to experimentally measured data. The selection of reference systems is a prerequisite for accurate kinematic analysis and resulting development of the equations of motion. Moreover, the development of analysis techniques for the minimization of errors, due to skin movement or body deformation, during experiments involving human locomotion is a critically important step, without which accurate results in this type of experiment are an impossibility. The traditional kinematic analysis method is the Angular-based method (ABM), which utilizes the Euler angle or the Bryant angle. However, this analysis method tends to increase cumulative errors due to skin movement. Therefore, the objective of this study was to propose a new kinematic analysis method, Position-based method (PBM), which directly applies position displacement data to represent locomotion. The PBM presented here was designed to minimize cumulative errors via considerations of angle changes and translational motion between markers occurring due to skin movements. In order to verify the efficacy and accuracy of the developed PBM, the mean value of joint dislocation at the knee during one gait cycle and the pattern of three dimensional translation motion of the tibiofemoral joint at the knee, in both flexion and extension, were accessed via ABM and via new method, PBM, with a Local Reference system (LRS) and Segmental Reference system (SRS), and then the data were compared between the two techniques. Our results indicate that the proposed PBM resulted in improved accuracy in terms of motion analysis, as compared to ABM, with the LRS and SRS.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.446-459
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• 2010

The technological convergence of IT, BT and NT is expected to drive technological revolution in the twenty first century, so a large amount of R&D expenditure is being concentrated on the development of fusion technology worldwide. Researches on how to direct and manage fusion technology development, however, are rare up to the present. This study investigates technology development and S&T human resources practices in the fusion technology are a focusing on the career path movement of researchers. On the basis of case study and a field survey of 209 scientists and engineers from academia, research institutes and industry, four strategic directions are recommended for improving human resources development in convergence technologies. The limitations and contributions of the study are also discussed.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.645-653
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• 2014

A Bridge Navigational Watch Alarm System (hereafter 'BNWAS') is to monitor and detect if an officer of watch(hereafter 'OOW') keeps a sharp lookout on the bridge. The careless lookout of an OOW could lead to marine accidents. For this reason on June 5th, 2009, IMO decided that a ship is equipped with a BNWAS. However, an existing BNWAS gives the OOW a lot of inconvenience and stress in its operation. It requires that the OOW should press reset buttons to confirm their alert watch on the bridge at every three to twelve minute. Many OOWs have complained that at some circumstances they cannot focus on their bridge activities including watch-keeping due to a lots of resetting inputs of BNWAS. Accordingly, IMO has allowed the use of a motion sensor as a resetting device. The motion sensor detects the movements of human body on the bridge and subsequently sends reset signals directly to BNWAS automatically. As a result, OOWs can work uninterrupted. However, some of classification societies and flag authorities have a slightly different stance on the use of motion sensor as a resetting method for BNWAS. The reason is that the motion sensor may trigger false reset signals caused by the motion of objects on the bridge, especially a slight movement such as toss and turn of human body which can extend the period of careless watch. As a basic study to minimize the false reset signals, this paper proposes a simple configuration of BNWAS, which consists of only three motion sensors associated with 'AND' and 'OR' logic gates. Additionally, several considerations are also proposed for the implementation of motion sensors. This study found that the proposed configuration which consists of three motion sensors is better than an existing one by reducing false reset signals caused by a slight movement of human body in one's sleep. The proposed configuration in this paper filters false reset signals and is simple to be implemented on existing vessels. In addition, it can be easily installed just by a basic electrical knowledge.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.7
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• pp.134-147
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• 2013

Today, the convergence of fashion design and digital technology has become a popular method and accordingly been tried variously in the fashion area. This study aimed to analyze the character of the collaboration with fashion and technology, and the meaning of technology as emotional expression methods. Selected designer's collections, literature and other related studies were reviewed in order to analyze the generative structure of the meaning and the binary-opposition in the convergence of body, fashion design and technology. Literatures and selected designer's collections were reviewed and quantitatively studies were performed to classify the convergence of human bodies, fashion design and technology through Greimas Semiotics rectangle based on binary-opposition of meaning and isotophy analysis. The research presents three types of fashion technology methods: mechanical movement, light/digital media, and virtual image. The convergence of fashion and technology was classified as the direct convergence and the indirect convergence. The direct convergence was characterized by variability and has automatic, independent movement, but the indirect convergence was shown closed and to have contradistinctive images.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1998 no.11
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• pp.86-87
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• 1998

To understand the developmental process of the gait pattern from infancy to the adult, a gait analysis for a 14 months female infant has been performed for ten weeks. The gait parameters has been measured every other week since the week when she was able to walk without aid. The infant gait data at the tenth week of the test shows a similar pattern to the adult gait in many aspects including initial knee flexion, initial ankle dorsiflexion, the push-off pattern, etc. There is not a significant change in the hip flexion angle from week to week from the two weeks after the test started. To check the individuality in the collected data, more infant subjects are being tested presently.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.199-206
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to conduct a biomechanical analysis of a one-legged jump in a traditional Korean dance (Wae Bal Ddwigi) according to breathing method. Method : Participants for this study were 10 dancers with experience for at least 10 years in traditional Korean dance. Independent variables for this test were two different types of breathing methods. Dependent variables were ground reaction force and lower extremity kinematic variables. The jumping movement was divided into three separate stages, take off, flight, and landing. The subjects were asked a questionnaire regarding the degree of impact force and stability of landing posture after the experiment. The Kistler Force Plate (9281B, Switzerland) was used to measure ground reaction force. A digital camera was used to look into angles of each joint of the lower part of body. SPSS was used for statistical analysis via the dependent t-test(p<.05). Results : There were significant differences in jumping according to breathing method. The inhalation & exhalation method yielded significantly longer flight times combined with greater ground reaction force. The breath-holding method required more core flexion during landing, increasing movement at the hips and shoulders. Conclusion : Consequently, there was more flexion at the knee to compensate for this movement. As a result, landing time was significantly higher for breath-holding.