• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.885-896
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• 2013

사람이 개입할 필요 없이 기기 및 사물들을 셀룰러 망(cellular network)으로 연결하여 언제 어디서나 다양한 서비스를 제공하는 MTC(Machine Type Communications)는 차세대 통신의 주요 이슈로 고려되고 있다. 현재, 다수의 MTC 단말들이 동시적으로 망에 접속하려고 하면 각 MTC 단말들은 독립적인 접근 인증 절차를 수행해야 된다. 이로 인해 LTE-Advanced 네트워크에서 인증 시그널링(authentication signaling) 혼잡(congestion)과 부하(overload)의 문제가 야기된다. 본 논문은 그룹 기반의 인증 프로토콜과 키 관리 프로토콜을 제안한다. 그룹 단위로 MTC 단말들을 관리하기 위해 제안하는 프로토콜은 그룹 리더(leader)를 선출하고, 리더만이 코어 망(core network)과의 인증에 참여한다. 인증이 완료된 후, 그룹 리더는 이진트리(binary tree)를 구성하여 나머지 구성원(member)들과 MME(Mobility Management Entity)를 관리한다. 마지막으로 제안 프로토콜 분석은 제안하는 프로토콜이 MTC 단말들과 코어 망 사이에서 발생되는 인증 시그널링을 줄여줄 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 효율적으로 MTC 단말들을 관리할 수 있음도 보여준다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

According to "Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑)", "the Shinnong Herb Bible(神農本草經)", "Chamdonggo(參同攷)", come to the conclusion about medical thought of "the Zhouyi Cantongxie(周易參同契)". Alchemy is a common field both on the eastern and western civilization, but a process of development is different. Ancient chinese alchemist made a study on external alchemy, but harmful consequences of external alchemy was consecutive, many scholars had turned their interest on internal alchemy which is related in human meridian biology and spirit. In the western alchemy has developed to make a study on analytic psychology and science of religion. Most importantly, the eastern and western alchemy have something in common what at the point of the perfection of self is similar, but the name is different, for example in the eastern alchemy we can be immortals and take a spiritual enlightenment with the elixir of life, in the western we can take a cure of souls as a christian. As for internal alchemy, "Cantongxie(參同契)" gives influence to the theories such as the theory of danjeon(lower part of the abdomen), evolution, aging, and life nurturing. Especially, the theory of danjeon shows such merit for studying since it is similar to triple energizers(三焦) and the theory of qi street(氣街) of oriental medicine. The study on "Cantongxie(參同契)" was achieved in Korea too, especially Chosun dynasty. "Candongkao (參同攷)" by Seo Myung-eung(徐命膺, 1716~1787) are representative. According to "Candongkao(參同攷)", Geon(乾), Gon(坤), Gam(坎), and Ri(離), the four trigrams for divination, each are affiliated with lungs, spleen, kidneys, and heart. Nowadays the study on alchemy correspond with modern trends, which are anti-aging and living without any disease. If processed mineral drugs is assured for stability, it can be used for incurable diseases such as cancer.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.629-648
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• 2017

Purpose: The world faces a great turning point fundamentally rebuilding the future, and human lives, by embracing the 4th industrial revolution era. This paper aims to seek new and various business models in the 4th industrial revolution era, and to examine the evolution of quality management in the changing of the industrial ecosystem. Methods: This paper examines the various strategies of approaching the 4th industrial revolution in Germany, the USA, Japan, China, and Korea. This paper also draws detailed items by classifying the six major items of Malcolm Baldridge into large, medium, and small scale classifications, researches items from the technical perspective by applied fields, and the four major factor perspectives of quality management, as well as analyzes the relevant items in a multidimensional method. After a questionnaire survey targeting 200 quality experts was conducted, the important quality management factors were selected by applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Results: The importance of the general criteria was analyzed in the order of customers, MAKM (measurement, analysis, and knowledge management), workforce, strategy, operations, and leadership. As for the importance analysis results of the secondary subcriteria, the following items are highly analyzed: senior leadership, searching business model's innovation opportunity, customer satisfaction improvement, big data utilization, systematic management of workforce, and, planning and design quality. Conclusion: In the era of the Internet of everything, when complexity increases, this study presented a quality management direction suitable for new business methods challenging existing orders by drawing on quality management priorities.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권10A호
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• pp.960-967
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• 2006

이동통신은 시간과 장소의 제약없이 유비쿼터스하게 인간 중심의 서비스를 제공할 수 있는, 차세대 시스템을 향하여 진화하고 있다. 특히, 사용자의 요구와 사용자 주변 상황들이 동적으로 변화하고 있는 차세대 이동통신 환경에서 다양한 센서 및 장치 그리고 관련 기술들에 의해 상황 인식(Context Awareness)이 실현될 것이다. 이러한 상황 인식을 바탕으로 차세대 이동통신 환경에서는 사용자의 요구와 사용자 주변 상황에 가장 적절한 서비스가 제공되는 상황 인식 서비스가 핵심 서비스로 부상될 것이다. 본 논문에서는 서비스 사용자와 서비스 제공자들을 연결시켜 주는 차세대 이동통신 서비스 플랫폼을 기반으로 제공되는 차세대 이동통신 서비스 환경을 기술한다. 그리고, 이러한 서비스 환경에서 차세대 통합망, 센서 및 센서 네트워킹 기술, 단거리 통신 기술의 발전에 따른 상황 정보수집 범위의 확대, 서비스 이용 범위의 다양성 등에 따라 분류된 상황 인식 서비스의 진화 단계를 제시한다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2009

The CHRM3 gene is a member of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor family that plays important roles in the regulation of fundamental physiological functions. The evolutionary mechanism of exon-acquisition and alternative splicing of the CHRM3 gene in relation to transposable elements (TEs) were analyzed using experimental approaches and in silico analysis. Five different transcript variants (T1, T2, T3, T3-1, and T4) derived from three distinct promoter regions (T1: L1HS, T2, T4: original, T3, T3-1: THE1C) were identified. A placenta (T1) and testis (T3 and T3-1)-dominated expression pattern appeared to be controlled by different TEs (L1HS and THE1C) that were integrated into the common ancestor genome during primate evolution. Remarkably, the T1 transcript was formed by the integration event of the human specific L1HS element. Among the 12 different brain regions, the brain stem, olfactory region, and cerebellum showed decreased expression patterns. Evolutionary analysis of splicing sites and alternative splicing suggested that the exon-acquisition event was determined by a selection and conservation mechanism. Furthermore, continuous integration events of transposable elements could produce lineage specific alternative transcripts by providing novel promoters and splicing sites. Taken together, exon-acquisition and alternative splicing events of CHRM3 genes were shown to have occurred through the continuous integration of transposable elements following conservation.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.592-597
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• 2014

The cell membrane provides critical cellular functions that rely on its elaborate structure and organization. The structure of turtle membranes is an important part of an ongoing study of erythrocyte membranes. Using a combination of atomic force microscopy and single-molecule force spectroscopy, we characterized the turtle erythrocyte membrane structure with molecular resolution in a quasi-native state. High-resolution images both leaflets of turtle erythrocyte membranes revealed a smooth outer membrane leaflet and a protein covered inner membrane leaflet. This asymmetry was verified by single-molecule force spectroscopy, which detects numerous exposed amino groups of membrane proteins in the inner membrane leaflet but much fewer in the outer leaflet. The asymmetric membrane structure of turtle erythrocytes is consistent with the semi-mosaic model of human, chicken and fish erythrocyte membrane structure, making the semi-mosaic model more widely applicable. From the perspective of biological evolution, this result may support the universality of the semi-mosaic model.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2018

해양생물에는 육상생물자원에서는 존재하지 않는 다양한 화합물이 많이 존재하는데 이들 화합물은 새로운 치료제 및 대체 치료법을 개발하는데 유용하게 이용될 수 있다. 현재 해조류의 다양한 생리활성에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있으며 최근에는 여러 병원성 및 인체 감염균에 대한 항균효과를 나타내어 신약개발의 보고로 다양한 연구가 진행이 되고있다. 즉, 해조류는 천연물신약 또는 새로운 치료제 개발에 중요한 생물자원이다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.625-636
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• 2013

Pressing demands of economic competitiveness, the need for large-scale deployment, minimizing the need of human intervention, and experience from the past events and incidents at operating reactors have guided the evolution and innovations in reactor technologies. Indian innovative reactor 'AHWR' is a pressure-tube type natural circulation based boiling water reactor that is designed to meet such requirements, which essentially reflect the needs of next generation reactors. The reactor employs various passive features to prevent and mitigate accidental conditions, like a slightly negative void reactivity coefficient, passive poison injection to scram the reactor in event of failure of the wired shutdown systems, a large elevated pool of water as a heat sink inside the containment, passive decay heat removal based on natural circulation and passive valves, passive ECC injection, etc. It is designed to meet the fundamental safety requirements of safe shutdown, safe decay heat removal and confinement of activity with no impact in public domain, and hence, no need for emergency planning under all conceivable scenarios. This paper examines the role of the various passive safety systems in prevention and mitigation of severe plant conditions that may arise in event of multiple failures. For the purpose of demonstration of the effectiveness of its passive features, postulated scenarios on the lines of three major severe accidents in the history of nuclear power reactors are considered, namely; the Three Mile Island (TMI), Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents. Severe plant conditions along the lines of these scenarios are postulated to the extent conceivable in the reactor under consideration and analyzed using best estimate system thermal-hydraulics code RELAP5/Mod3.2. It is found that the various passive systems incorporated enable the reactor to tolerate the postulated accident conditions without causing severe plant conditions and core degradation.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2014

정보디자인에서 중요하게 다루고 있는 정보의 생성, 전달, 처리하는 문제는 인류의 발전 과정과 함께 진화해오고 있다 현대에는 빅데이터 등과 같이 방대하고 복잡하며 인위적인 형태의 정보가 주류를 이루고 있으며, 이 같은 정보를 어떻게 효과적으로 디자인 할 수 있는지에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 본 연구는 방대하고 복잡한 정보를 사용자가 쉽게 지각하고 인지 할 수 있도록하기 위한 방안의 하나로서 자연물을 모티브로 한 시각화 기법에 관해 탐구하였다. 예로부터 자연은 인간의 많은 조형 활동에 영향을 주고 있다. 또한 자연물은 시각적으로 최적화된 형상을 지니며 제품디자인, 건축디자인 등과 같은 다양한 디자인분야에서 디자이너가 문제를 해결하기 위한 영감과 감성을 제공한다. 본 연구는 문헌연구를 통해 자연 물을 정보디자인에서 활용하기 위한 원리로서 '자연물의 구조적 원리'와 '자연물에 대한 관찰 및 분석 원리'를 제안하였다. 또한 이러한 2가지 원리를 정보디자인의 '시각적 재현요소'와 연결시켜서 자연 물을 모티브로 한 정보디자인 연구모형을 제시하였고 사례연구를 통해 그 가능성을 탐색하였다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2018

Trichophyton rubrum is one of the well-known pathogenic fungi and causes dermatophytosis and cutaneous mycosis in human world widely. However, there are not an available sequence type (ST) classification methods and previous studies for T. rubrum until now. Therefore, currently, molecular biological tools using their DNA sequences are used for genotype identification and classification. In the present study, in order to characterize the genetic diversity and the phylogenetic relation of T. rubrum clinical isolates, five different housekeeping genes, such as actin (ACT), calmodulin (CAL), RNA polymerase II (RPB2), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and ${\beta}$-tubulin (BT2) were analyzed using by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Also, DNA sequence analysis was performed to examine the differences between the sequences of Trichophyton strains and the identified genetic variations sequence. As a result, most of the sequences were shown to have highly matched rates in their housekeeping genes. However, genetic variations were found on three different positions of ${\beta}$-tubulin gene and were shown to have changed from $C{\rightarrow}G$ (1766), $G{\rightarrow}T$ (1876), and $C{\rightarrow}A$ (1886). To confirm the association with T. rubrum inheritance, a phylogenetic tree analysis was performed. It was classified as four clusters, but there was little significant correlation. Even so, MLST analysis is believed to be helpful for determining the genetic variations of T. rubrum in cases where there is more large-scale data accumulation. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the first MLST analysis of T. rubrum in Korea and explored the possibility that MLST could be a useful tool for studying the epidemiology and evolution of T. rubrum through further studies.