• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2018

As the industries become more developed, the amounts of hazardous materials have been increased. Because of that, the possibility of accidents in plants is expected to increase. Especially, the dispersions of toxic materials cause serious effect to human life and environment, So it is very important to confirm safety distance of discharge accident. For this paper, we proposed new algorithms for toxic liquid, such as benzene and acrylonitrile. and using this argorithm, we are going to predict safety distance. The scenario of accidental release was assumed to be the release of entire quantity in 10 minutes is defined as worst-case scenario and Instantaneous release. Also the release from a partial rupture of line is used as an alternative case scenarios as NICS(National Institute of Chemical Safety) guidelines. Using ALOHA program and the algorithm for liquid toxic materials and suggested the graph, as well as correlated equations which can utilize emergency responders.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 2015

Exposure to cold sea water can be life-threatening to the drowned individual. Although appropriate life jacket can be usually be provided for the buoyance at the drowning accident, heat loss can make the drowned individual experience the hypothermia. Inflatable life jackets filled with inflatable air pocket can increase the thermal protection as well as the buoyancy force. Because it is important to know how the human body behaves unde the different life jacket, present study compares the thermal insulation capacity of solid type life jacket with that of inflatable life jacket. In order to represent the insulation capacity of life jacket, thermal resistance is estimated based on the assumption of steady-state. Also, a transient three-dimensional thermal distribution of the thigh is analyzed by using finite element method implementing the Pennes bioheat equation. The finite element model is a segmental, multi-layered representation of the body section which considers the heat conduction within tissue, bone, fat and local blood flow rate.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.158-170
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• 2012

Citizens'income has been increased along with the trend of rapid changes in society, and the quality of their lives has been improved as well. As much as the degree of increase of quality of life, the number of spectators for performing art events, etc. who desire to fulfill their needs for enjoyment of varied cultural performances have been increasing, and also a large number of spectators enjoys a variety of festivals being held in each provincial area as well as international events: we still remember such frantic rooting shown by citizens during 2002 World Cup drawing attention and interest of entire nation. There are always risks of loss of human lives if accidents occur as there sult of close-packed crowd gathered at the same time. Therefore, it is required to prepare adequate security measures in order to prevent various accidents before hand. It is hoped that this research work would be of help for further efficient and systematic security management for the performing arts centers or public theaters encouraging the event organizer and the private security firm and the Korea Private Security Association to exert great effort and investments in further projects for development of security technology. Also, it is required to build a performance culture to consider audience's safety first from the beginning to the end of the event on the basis of efficient security management. Furthermore, spect at or sare required to recognize the fact that safety in the site for performing arts should be guaranteed for everyone's sake, and, to achieve this, they are obliged to be more cooperative with the event organizer and the private security firm, forming a trinity all together, in order not to have safety threatening situations in the site of performing arts events.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.485-491
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• 2015

The technology review about risk of hypothermia of victim according to heat transfer characteristic of life raft and sea state can use accident correspondence of standing and sinking of ship. This study studied heat transfer characteristics required for the design of life raft and thermal insulation property analysis and evaluation methods. In addition, it is study for comprehend the risk of hypothermia and suggest analysis result that is experiment of thermal insulation property and body temperature property for decide of prediction the body temperature decline Thermal Analysis apply the finite element analysis method is comprehended the property of heat conductivity, convective effect of sea water and properties changes according to property of insulation material. it measure the heat flux with attach temperature sensor on body in order to comprehend the variation of body temperature with boarding a life raft experiment on a human body. This study validate results by comparing variation of temperature measured from experiment on a body with variation of temperature from finite element analysis model. Also, the criteria of hypothermia was discussed through result of finite element analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.459-466
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• 2018

Hazardous and Noxious Substances (HNS) are defined as substances that are likely to create a significant impact on human health and marine ecosystem when they are released into the marine environment. Recently, as the volume of HNS transported by ships increases, the rate of leakage accidents also increases. Therefore, research should be conducted to control and monitor sunken materials from the viewpoint of technology development for hazardous material leakage accident response. In this paper, acoustic detection experiments were carried out using HNS substitute materials in order to confirm the possibility of acoustic detection of sunken HNS on the sediment. The castor oil, which has a similar acoustic impedance with chloroform, is used as a substitute. 200 kHz high frequency signals were used to discriminate the reflected signals and measure reflection loss from the interface between water and castor oil. The reflection loss measured is in good agreement with the modeling results, showing a possibility of acoustic detection for sunken HNS.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.550-560
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• 2018

Many countries have provided support for research and development and implemented policies for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) for enhancing the safety of vehicles. With such efforts, the toll of casualties due to traffic accidents has decreased gradually. Korea has exhibited the lowest toll of casualties due to traffic accidents and is ranked 32nd in mortality among the 35 OECD members. Traffic accidents typically fall into three categories depending on the cause of the accident: vehicle to vehicle (V2V), vehicle to pedestrian (V2P), and vehicle independent. Most accidents are caused by drivers' mistakes in recognition, judgment, or operation. ADAS has been proposed to prevent and reduce accidents from such human errors. Moreover, the global automobile industry has recently been developing various safety measures, but on-road tests are still limited and contain various risks. Therefore, this study investigated the international standards for evaluation tests with regard to the assessment techniques in braking capability to cope with the limitations of on-road tests. A theoretical formula for braking force and a control algorithm are proposed, which were validated by comparing the results with those from an on-road test. These results verified the braking force depending on the functions of ADAS. The risks of on-road tests can be reduced because the proposed theoretical formula allows a prediction of the tendencies.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.231-236
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• 2019

As ships become bigger, faster, and diverse, transportation has increased the usage of marine vehicles. However, ship accidents are increasing. Ship accidents cause loss of life and property as well as environmental disasters. The occurrence of ship accidents causes enormous economic and environmental impacts. Notably, in the case of passenger ships, methods for preventing ship accidents are being discussed to avoid losing numerous human lives. The purpose of this study is to provide essential data for evacuation before reaching the dangerous time by predicting the time to reach the risk of capsizing based on the heeling angle of the passenger ship. Based on sinking accidents between 2012 and 2016, we set up specific scenarios and simulated the PRR1 data using commercial software MOSES V20. In the case of the linear equation, the simulation results showed a low error rate because the simulation data showed the linear graph. In the case of the quadratic equation, the error rate was low at the beginning but showed a high error rate at the subsequent angle.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2019

This study analyzed operating condition and the problems of damage compensation insunace (property insurance) for qualified architect and derived some suggsetions for improvement. The Certified Architects Act requires all building design and construction supervision to buy property insurance. This study proposes following suggestions to solve problems of current architect property insurance. Firstly, we need to increase the insurance purchasing rate of damage compensation insurance for qualified architect. It is necessary to clearly specify the matters concerning the submission of insurance policies by the architects, which is currently carried out by the Minister's official letter, in the form of official announcement. Secondly, proper insured amount should be adjusted. In order to insured substantial compensation capacity, total amount of insurance should be enlarged. Thirdly, the insurance period should be extended to one year after completion of building to allow compensation for accidents due to design negligence. Generally, the design defect can mostly be identified within one year after completion. Fourthly, insurance coverage should be extended. In the long run, it is essential to enlarge the scope of the security not only to property damage but also to human losses. Finally, an accident record sharing system should be established among insurance companies, so that proper insurance premiums or discounts can be made based on the system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.857-862
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• 2020

In March 2011, a tsunami off Japan caused radioactive material that had seeped into the sea from the Fukushima nuclear accident to flow to the Pacific Ocean, causing pollution to sea life. For a comparative evaluation with the area surrounding the site of a nuclear power plant by the release of radioactive materials, an area 20 to 30 km away from the emergency protection plan area was selected as a comparative point considering weather conditions, population distribution, etc. In addition, the government intends to analyze the minimum detection radiation received by residents around the nuclear power plant and evaluate the effective dose. Analysis of tritium radiation from water samples showed that most of the samples were not detected and that 0.0014 % to 0.777 % of the annual legal standard of 1 mSv for the general public had little effect on the human body. Therefore, the measurement and analysis of water samples around the nuclear power plant site is expected to help relieve anxiety, such as exposure to the general public and neighboring residents due to radiation release.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_1
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• pp.1479-1488
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• 2022

Accidents in which oil spills occur intermittently in the ocean due to ship collisions and sinkings. In order to prepare prompt countermeasures when such an accident occurs, it is necessary to accurately identify the current status of spilled oil. To this end, the Coast Guard patrols the target area with a fixed-wing airplane or helicopter and checks it with the naked eye or video, but it was difficult to determine the area contaminated by the spilled oil and its exact location on the map. Accordingly, this study develops a technology for direct ortho-rectification by automatically geo-referencing aerial images collected by the Coast Guard without individual ground reference points to identify the current status of spilled oil. First, meta information required for georeferencing is extracted from a visualized screen of sensor information such as video by optical character recognition (OCR). Based on the extracted information, the external orientation parameters of the image are determined. Images are individually orthorectified using the determined the external orientation parameters. The accuracy of individual orthoimages generated through this method was evaluated to be about tens of meters up to 100 m. The accuracy level was reasonably acceptable considering the inherent errors of the position and attitude sensors, the inaccuracies in the internal orientation parameters such as camera focal length, without using no ground control points. It is judged to be an appropriate level for identifying the current status of spilled oil contaminated areas in the sea. In the future, if real-time transmission of images captured during flight becomes possible, individual orthoimages can be generated in real time through the proposed individual orthorectification technology. Based on this, it can be effectively used to quickly identify the current status of spilled oil contamination and establish countermeasures.