• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 1996

Mobility in housing is a normative way to satisfy family needs for· better· living conditions. In the context of relative decisions. mobility can be understood as forced relocation or unforced relocation In making relocation. the household chooses a particular 'environmental quality profile. Therefore. the understanding of mobility and relocation in housing is needed for· the developing and planning of housing evnironment. The major findings are s follows ;1. The motives of mobility are composed of 4 factors('material porseperity’, 'convenience· safety'. environmental improvement' and 'forced relocation'). Especially, 'material prosperity' was defined the most fundamental factor· for. 2. The components of housing environment quality were composed of 3 factors related to the scale of home environment. They were 'neighborhood character factor', 'dwelling character· factor·'. And 'location character· factor'. The factor 'neighborhood character' was defined the basic factor· to choose for the housing environmental quality profile.3. It was examined that the motives of mobility and the components of home environmental quality were significantly different by the household characteristics (income. family life cycle. and tenure type).

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1999

The subject of this study is housing environmental design of single family housing in urban, which intends to study the way of enhancing the quality of our housing environment through comparative research and analysis in Cheong-ju & Tama. The elements of the environmental design were reviewed for forming of street, open space and park, housing utilities, and environmental facilities. The results are as follows: 1. The plans require informally related influential factor. 2. To make street in housing area as not traffic facilities but a space residents life. 3. In order to improve housing environment, We have to design the elements efficiently for comfort of life.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

Ammonia ($NH_3$) is an important pollutant that plays a key role in several air pollution problems. It can create odors and have negative impacts on animal and human health. The largest source contributing to Ammonia emission is the agricultural production, in particular animal operation, in Korea. The present study evaluated flux profiles of Ammonia emitted from the cattle housing using a dynamic flux chamber. We have developed the emission factor of Ammonia from the cow housing. Analysis of Ammonia flux variation was made with respect to manure surface temperature, pH, and ammonium concentration. Ammonia has been measured from calf and cattle housing between October and December in 2007. In the fall, average Ammonia flux from calf and cattle housing was estimated 1.342(${\pm}0.728$) and 1.323(${\pm}0.655$)mg/$m^2$/min, respectively. In the winter, average Ammonia flux was estimated 0.889(${\pm}0.362$)mg/$m^2$/min from the calf housing and 0.925(${\pm}0.511$)mg/$m^2$/min from the cattle housing. The correlation coefficient between Ammonia flux and ammonium concentration showed stronger relationship than the relationship between manure pH and temperature. In the fall, Ammonia emission factor from calf and cattle housing was estimated 4.46(${\pm}2.39$) and 6.03(${\pm}3.27$)kg-$NH_3$/animal/yr, respectively. In the winter, average Ammonia flux was estimated 2.88(${\pm}1.53$) from the calf housing and 4.24({$\pm}1.63$)kg-$NH_3$/animal/yr from the cattle housing.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2010

Atmospheric ammonia is a very important constituent of the environment because it is the dominant alkaline gaseous species present in the atmosphere. Ammonia is known to affect ecosystems at relatively low concentration. In this study flux profiles of ammonia emitted from the cattle housing were evaluated using a dynamic flux chamber (DFC). We have developed the emission factor of $NH_3$ from the cattle housing. Analysis of ammonia flux variation was made with respect to such variables as manure surface temperature, pH, and ammonium concentration. Ammonia flux has been measured up to summer in 2007 at calf and cattle housing. In the fall, average ammonia flux from calf and cattle housing was estimated as 1.406 (${\pm}0.947$) and 1.534 ((${\pm}0.956$) $mg\;m^2\;min^1$, respectively. In the winter, average ammonia flux was estimated 1.060 ((${\pm}0.569$) from the calf housing and 1.216 ((${\pm}0.655$) $mg\;m^2\;min^1$ from the cattle housing. The correlation coefficient (R=0.732) between ammonia flux and manure surface ammonium concentration exhibited stronger relationship than manure surface pH and temperature. In the fall, ammonia emission factor from calf and cattle housing was estimated as 3.94 ((${\pm}2.66$) and 11.41 ((${\pm}5.86$) kg-$NH_3$ animal$^1\;yr^1$, respectively. In the winter, ammonia average flux was estimated as 2.89 ((${\pm}1.59$) from the calf housing and 6.51 ((${\pm}3.67$) kg-$NH_3$ animal$^1\;yr^1$ from the cattle housing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.93-96
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• 2006

Environmental problems caused by rapid industrialization and environmental issues have emerged worldwide. The Green Building Certification Policy has been introduced. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the environment-friendly planning factors in Environment-friendly Housing Certification. Six multi-family housing in Environment-friendly Housing Certification have been analyzed. The findings of this study are as follows. While outdoor planning factor is focused on building arrangement and ecological environment, its application in building material and environment plan is inadequate. In ecological environment, various green planting systems such as green zone and plant inhabitation area are utilized.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.118-133
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• 1998

The residents, living in multi-family housing, prefer to have healthy and natural outdoor environmental for better human and environment quality. Thus, providing the high qulity of amenity has become a popular word in site planning and housing developments field. However, the scope and definition of amenity have not yet clearly identified and it becomes and issue in planning and development field. The purpose of this study isto examine and to evaluate the amenity and its implicationi for site planning so that analysis methods such as to interview and survey with residents were carried out. The results of this study are summarized below; The amenity of residential environment means total environmental quality to the residents in a broad sense. Abundent green environment would be very important factor to increase the amenity of residential environment so that the expansion of green field would improve the quality of multifamily housing. The expansion of green environment and biotope was the most important factor to increase the symbiosis system between residents and outdoor environment. And the amenity should be conformed to the certain standand of environmental quality and the high quality of amenity would be increased significantly in the future for residental developments. Thus, it should be accomplished by preparing practical methods in means of discriminative strategy products planning principle.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between the exterior environmental factors and sensibility responses in apartment housing estates. The finding of the study may be summerized as follow: 1) The method of analysis was that the adequacy of 214 sensibility vocabularies primarily drawn were analyzed by the evaluation group through questionnaire. As a result of factor analysis on them, 36 sensibility vocabularies were finally drawn and used as a tool for evaluation. 2) 22 elements were drawn as physical elements that shows sensibility responses according to residential complexes and classified roughly into five factors; the architectural factor, the rest space, the horizontal system, the design factor, and the annexed facilities. 3) The average score for sensibility items by complexes suggested that the sensibility contents would vary depending on the physical conditions of facilities by complexes. 4) It was shown that the percentages of sensibility responses by physical structural elements were 50.7% for the rest space, 24.1% for the design factor, 13.7% for the architectural factor, 8.1% for the annexed facilities, and 3.2% for the horizontal system. 5) The analysis of relation between the physical elements and the sensibility contents showed that the sensibility contents such as 'emotions', 'comfortable', 'luxury', 'symbolic', and 'intimate', had a positive relation with the physical elements such as the entrance of a complex, design element, artistic structures, and kindergarten facilities but a negative relation with the physical elements such as the shape of buildings, walkways, and separate garbage collection yards.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the environmental factors having a influence on the preference of residential district and to furnish basic information for the successful settlement. For the purpose, residential preference and values on the residential district were estimated according to the housing life cycle. Data were collected through questionnaires designed for this study, and the objects of this research were university students. To analyze the data were used spsswin program. The major results were as follows. 1. According to the housing life cycle, there were significant differences in the preference of the residential district, living area and housing type in the future. Metropolitan and seoul, residential area and commercial area, apartment, office-hotel and row house were preferred in the housing formative. In the stable period, seoul and metropolitan, tower apartment, residential area were preferred. But in the housing reductive period, they preferred a green zone in the rural, the detached house. 2. The degree of consideration of living convenience facilities was high in the housing formative period. Both education-leisure, business facilities and marketing facilities were highly valuated in the housing stable period. But the value of welfare facilities was high in the housing reductive period. 3. The 4 dimensions of values in environmental conditions were extracted through factor analysis. They were natural, human, social, and economic factors. According to the housing life cycle, there were significant differences in factors being considered as the environmental conditions. The values of human and economic factors were high in the housing formative and stable period. Natural factor were highly considered in the housing reductive period.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.139-151
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• 1996

The Purpose of this study is to examine residents' subjective satisfaction of the elderly housing environment and to suggest some major factors which can be used as basic design guidelines for the elderly housing. as the number of the elderly is growing in Japan For this purpose. data were collected through a questionnaire survey method, Some questions on their hope for the conditions of the elderly housing were asked to 265 old People living in the suburbs of Chiba city. Japan. Based on the findings of the statistical factor analysis, the major factors which affected on the elderly housing environment of the study can be summarized as follows ;(1)Factor1 is correlated with the space design element represented by the elderly dwelling performance and overall efficiency for the dwelling exterior space design (2)Factor2 is relative to the interior environmental element with Physiological and sensitive performance for borne services system. (3)Factor3 can be explained the moving and communication performance for Physical uneasiness of outdoor activities and request of public cultural spaces. (4)Factor4 is relative to the mental rest element with safety accidents for moving activities etc. and psychological isolation for the elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.249-257
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• 1998

This study was to evaluate residents' environmental cognition, satisfaction and needs of distinctive outdoor space in apartment housing estates. Distinctive outdoor space of 75 apartment estates throughout the country were investigated. And the residents of 16 apartment estates were asked how they cognize disticntive outdoor space qualities, and what activities they prefer in apartment's outdoor space. Thre important factors were extracted in residents' cognition of distinctive outdoor space qualities. First factor was naturalness of the greenery, second factor was outdoor activities especially related to fitness and exercise, and third factor was design of street furniture. Residents' satisfaction degree of distinctive outdoor space tended to increase as high as the occupied housing area. Places with water, tree shades, pedestrian way, greenery with flowers, playlots, fitness places and entrances of the estates were evaluated high in the order named. And places full with greenery, places related to fitness and exercisem, playlots were prefered by the residents.