• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.63-79
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• 1999

The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationships between food expenditures and household socio-economic characteristics. Data used were taken from the 1996 National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure Survey. This study revealed that total food expenditures for urban salary and wage earner households were 347,798 won, which accounted for 27.0 percent of the total consumption expenditures and food away from home expenditures marked for 8.4 percent of the total consumption expenditures. Household income, household size, age of household head, occupation of household head, education of household head, housing tenure, wife's employment status, gender of household head, and children's age were all important factors in predicting the food consumption expenditures for urban salary and wage earner households.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.67-76
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• 2003

This study was to investigate the needs for the community in the elderly institution and the related factors. The raw data, collected in 2000, from the Study for the Silver Industry in Ulsan were used for the analysis. The sample consisted of 292 elderly aged 65 and over living in Ulsan, and the purpose was accomplished using frequencies, percentages, and chi-squared test with cross-tabulations. The results indicated that the elderly tends to have negative responses to the discriminations by health conditions and sharing the public spaces with neighbors. However it was more likely that the elderly wants to have separate public spaces and facilities by gender. They prefer private residential units rather than public spaces for the meals, baths, and receptions. It was also found that gender, with or without spouse, education level, and economic condition of the elderly have significant effects on the needs for the community in the elderly housing.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.43-52
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• 2002

This study explores the types of lifestyle of females living in urban areas, and examines the relationship between the types of lifestyle and the preference for interior design images. The research sample is 301 adult females in Kwangju City, Korea. The sample is divided into two groups by employment status. Based on eight lifestyles by related factors, four major lifestyle types are classified: traditional type, private and sensible type, passive and private type, and environment-oriented and sensible type. The portions of these types are 32.6% of passive and private type, 21.6% of environment-oriented and sensible one, 21.6% of active and sensible one, and 16.6% of traditional one. The research of the lifestyle types reveals that they differ by age, marital status, education, and dwelling types. There are negligible differences among four types in preference for three interior design images.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.87-100
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• 1990

This study was carried out in an attempt to establish a preliminary scale for measuring $\boxDr$Quality of Life$\boxUl$ of Korean farm households, Data from randomly selected 318 farm households through our the country were analysis. The main results of this study were summarized as follows; 1) The objective levels of living conditions were relatively low in dietary life, healthy & sanitation, and financial stability and were relatively high in family relationship, household work and housing environment. 2) The subjective satisfaction level was lowest in leisure and were relatively high in family relationship and health & sanitation. 3) A comparison of objective level of living conditions and subjective satisfaction level suggested th score of the latter were higher than the former in dietary life and health & sanitation. In the contrary to this, the scores of the former were higher than the latter in housing environment, household work, child education, leisure and family relationship. In particular, the score of the subjective satisfaction level were much higher in housing environment and household work.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.283-288
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• 2003

This study has analyzed the environmental characteristics of Cheong-Ju city and the priority of residential choice elements by residents. The results of analysis are as follows. 1) The rate of housing supply in Cheong-ju city is low at 80.2%, concentrated on small sized apartments. Furthermore educational and traffic facilities are much insufficient. 2) While residential choice in Chong-ju is heavily characterised by educational surroundings, it is less affected by both economy such as housing prices, the value of investments and accessibility to public transportations, distance to working places. 3) It is affected by residents' general characters like the sell age, life cycle, education level, properties, home ownership, number of room and type of house they want.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.25
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• pp.321-337
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• 2008

The house price rise suddenly is not only Economic stability but economic, mental state of a heavy burden to people. This paper is a house finance environment analyzed in this research about the rise factor of the house price and the result to present the plan to the natural disposition. The financial institute has an influence on the disguised demand extension of the house and The mortgage Lending in commercial Banks with the earnings as the stability high than the industry loaning. A house finance environment changes and will go from economic factor of the variety of the life style, the housing conditional according to the income level, a children education condition, and the population structure many this little. The disposition of the house need changes according to this and will have an influence on the house price. Necessary for a house market environment house policy of the market need which the consistency reflects so that we are suitable and is desired.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.49-56
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• 2003

The object of this study is to analyze the influential factors of characteristics of residential locations by age, and to offer a groundwork that can be utilized to direct setting of residential development and housing policies. The main findings are drawn as follows: First, it determines the age groupings which can describe the distribution pattern of residential location, which is broken down into two social subgroups - the older group aged 50 and over, and the younger group, being our educational target. Second, actuality of our education is to influence residential location. Third, four groups that can describe residential location are abstracted. Fourth, the prime of manhood and old age prime of life have been superior within inner zone, while middle age and those who are obliged to support the older group have been superior around the outer zone.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.125-134
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• 2011

The research is a survey and analysis of female apparel preferences, and recognition of the KS sizing system for adult female garments. The practical surveys in this research are examined by total number of subjects, 200 women who are living in Seoul, South Korea. The homogeneity test using Chi-square statistics, and the analysis of frequencies and ratios of contingency tables were performed with the data which are classified by age, education level, income level and housing modalities. The findings in this study are as follows: 1. Women's preferences for purchasing female garments indicate significant differences between subjects, such as age, education level, income level and housing modalities. Moreover, the following five types of adult female garments were analyzed in this study: upper garment, lower garment, one-piece apparel, sportswear and sleepwear. The results of the preference study show an indirect understanding of the KSK 0051 classification system for subjects of the survey. Therefore the preference study can be used as a pilot study for the sizing recognition survey. 2. Women's recognition of the KSK 0051 sizing system for adult female adult garments do not indicate significant differences based on the characteristics of age, education level, income level and housing modalities. The low recognition of the KS sizing system is due to too many details and complex numbers of application for users. Therefore, the sizing system should be simplified and rearranged to be more effective and have more recognizable categories.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.748-754
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• 2018

Objective: The preference evaluation of cattle is an important factor for estimation and improvement of the grazing amounts of newly introduced or bred grasses or cultivars in barn. This study was performed to assess the grazing behavior (the amount of grazing and/or the grazing speed) of cattle as indirect method using newly bred Brachiaria ruziziensis tetraploid strain 'OKI-1'(BR) hay as treatment group and Cloris gayana 'Callide' (CG) hay as control group. It also compared the feasibility of using behavioral differences between two groups as one criteria for evaluating preference by Japanese black cattle in barn. Methods: Three experiments were carried out using 12 growing Japanese Black cattle including 6 males and 6 females. In each experiment, the four Japanese Black cattle (2 males and 2 females) were placed in separated stall and allowed to graze BR and CG in manger that was separated into two portions for about 30 min. The position and behavior of the cattle were recorded, and weighed the residual of each gay at 15 and 30 minutes after experiment start. Results: The BR was superior to CG in chemical composition such as protein, fibers and non-fibrous carbohydrate. The cattle, over all, tended to prefer BR over CG in the first half 15 minutes in terms of the time spent and amount of grazing. Additionally, growing cattle exhibited neophilia for BR bred newly. Conclusion: These findings indicated the current approach could be applied for one of criteria to evaluate the preference of hay by Japanese black cattle under indoor housing environment.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.49-60
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the recognition of the Children's Rights Guarantees among parents and child service providers in a local community, and to explore ways to organize Child Friendly Cities. To this end, I analyzed survey data collected from a municipality based in Seoul, Korea, and discovered certain differences in recognitions of play and leisure, citizen and participation, safety and protection, health and social service, education, and housing. Among the six categories, the parents and child service providers recognized that education and housing were relatively well guaranteed whereas citizen and participation was less secure. Child service providers were more negative in the physical environment for building child-friendly community, while parents were more negative about the institutional / cultural environment, such as participation rights. Based on these findings, I suggested the following: First, the physical environment should refer to the standards of child welfare officers, and the institutional and cultural environment should refer to the parents' standards. Second, the participation of parents and child service providers as well as children should be expanded in the community decision-making process.