• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-3
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• 2003

Hemidesmus indicus var. indicus belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae was screened for its activity against Helicobacter pylori(Hp) human isolates. Flowering and vegetative period samples were analysed. Aqueous (hot and cold) and solvent extracts (acetone, chloroform and methanol) were screened. Among them chloroform extract was observed to recover bioactive principles with low MIC and MLC. MIC was $75\;{\mu}g$ in both seasons and MLC was $100\;{\mu}g$ for vegetative and $75\;{\mu}g$ for flowering periods respectively. Extracts from samples collected during flowering period was better than that of vegetative period.

• 약학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.756-762
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• 1994

To investigate the acute toxicity of Elfvingia applanata$(P_{ers})K_{ARST}$, it was extracted with hot water. EA, the aqueous extract from the carpophores of E. applanata, was lyophilized and a dark brownish powder was obtained. The acute toxicity of EA was investigated in ICR mice of both sexes. Five groups of mice were administered orally and intraperitoneally with 375, 750, 1,500, 3,000, 6,000 mg/kg(p.o.) and 312.5, 625, 1,250, 2,500, 5,000 mg/kg (i.p.) of EA Abnormal clinical signs related to EA were not observed and no deaths occurred. $LD_{50}$ values administered orally and intraperitoneally were evaluated to be over 6,000 mg/kg and over 5,000 mg/kg, respectively. Gross finding of necropsy revealed no evidence of specific toxicity related to EA. There were no significant changes in body weights, serum biochemical values and histopathological changes compared with control group.

• 약학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.742-748
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• 1994

As part of our search for less toxic antimicrobial agents from natural resources, the carpophores of Elfvingia applanata$(P_{ers}.)K_{ARST}.$ was extracted with hot water. EA, the aqueous extract from the carpophores of E. applanata, was lyophilized and a dark brownish powder was obtained. Antimicrobial activity of EA was tested in vitro against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria by serial broth dilution method, and the antimicrobial activity was expressed by minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC). Among fourteen species of bacteria tested, the antimicrobial activity of EA was the most potent against Proteus vulgaris showing MIC of 1.250 mg/ml. To investigate the effect of antimicrobial combinations of EA with four kinds of antibiotics(ampicillin, cefazolin, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol), the fractional inhibitory concentration index(FICI) was determined by checkerboard assay for each strain. The antimicrobial combinations of EA with four kinds of antibiotics resulted in synergism in four instances, but no antagonism was observed. Four instances of synergism were observed when EA was combined with ampicillin against Micrococcus luteus, with cefazolin against Bacillus subtilis, with cefazolin against Micrococcus luteus and with oxytetracycline against Staphylococcus aureus.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2024

Background: Stingless bee propolis is a popular traditional folk medicine and has been employed since ancient times. This study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive activities of the chemical constituents of aqueous propolis extract (APE) collected by Trigona thoracica in a nociceptive model in mice. Methods: The identification of chemical constituents of APE was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ninety-six male Swiss mice were administered APE (400 mg/kg, 1,000 mg/kg, and 2,000 mg/kg) before developing nociceptive pain models. Then, the antinociceptive properties of each APE dose were evaluated in acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction, hot plate test, and formalin-induced paw licking test. Administration of normal saline, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 100 mg/kg, orally), and morphine (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) were used for the experiments. Results: HPLC revealed that the APE from Trigona thoracica contained p-coumaric acid (R² = 0.999) and caffeic acid (R² = 0.998). Although all APE dosages showed inhibition of acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction, only 2,000 mg/kg was comparable to the result of ASA (68.7% vs. 73.3%, respectively). In the hot plate test, only 2,000 mg/kg of APE increased the latency time significantly compared to the control. In the formalin test, the durations of paw licking were significantly reduced at early and late phases in all APE groups with a decrease from 45.1% to 53.3%. Conclusions: APE from Trigona thoracica, containing p-coumaric acid and caffeic acid, exhibited antinociceptive effects, which supports its potential use in targeting the prevention or reversal of central and peripheral sensitization that may produce clinical pain conditions.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.179-183
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 바우미 상황버섯의 열수 추출물의 항염증 기능에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 대식세포주인 RAW264.7을 lipopolyssacharide (LPS)로 활성화 시킨 후, 바우미 상황버섯에서 복수의 조건에서 추출한 추출물을 처리하여 면역 및 염증 발생 경로의 활성도를 측정하여 바우미 상황버섯의 면역증강기능 및 항염증기능을 검증하였다. RAW264.7을 LPS로 처리하였을 때 전형적인 소포체 스트레스를 수반한 염증 반응이 시현되었다. 전형적인 마커인 Grp78, Grp94 및 CHOP의 과발현을 시현하였고, 인터루킨 6 (IL-6)과 염증발현의 표시인자인 nitric oxide(NO) 발현을 증진한 것으로 나타났다. 위와 같이 처리된 세포에 바우미 상황버섯의 추출물을 처리하였을 때, 전반적으로 소포체 스트레스는 경감된 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 염증유발의 신호인자인 NO의 발생량과 이를 생성하는 효소인 iNOS의 발현량이 현격하게 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 이를 종합적으로 분석하면 바우미 상황버섯의 추출물은 유도된 소포체스트레스를 경감하는 효능을 보임과 동시에 항염증의 기능을 보이는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.392-399
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 합성 요소억제제나 질산화억제제와는 달리 쑥(Artemisia asiatica)과 같은 천연물에 의한 토양중 요소분해와 질산화작용에 대한 저해효과를 검토하고저 하였다. 이를 위 위하여 쑥의 열수추출액과 유기용매 분획추출물을 준비하여 밭토양에 처리하였고 2일, 5일 동안 배양후에 요소태질소와 암모늄태질소, 질산태 질소를 측정하고 요소분해균과 urease 효소활성에 대한 각 추출액과 분획추출물의 영향도 검토하였다. 이번 실험을 통하여 얻은 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 쑥잎의 열수추출액은 요소분해를 미약한 수준으로 촉진하였으나 반면 질산화작용은 억제하였고, 쑥잎 열수추출액을 0.5ml, 3.0 ml를 가하였을 때 질산태 질소함량은 무처리구에 비하여 각각 65.2%, 68.8% 줄어들었다. 쑥잎의 유기용매 분획추출물 중, chloroform분획을 제외한 모든 분획물이 요소분해에 대해 저해효과를 나타내었고 chloroform/methanol 분획을 2.0 ml 가했을 때, 잔존한 요소태질소 함량은 무처리구의 5.8배로 요소분해억제효과가 가장 좋았다. 한편 유기용매 분획추출물들의 질산화작용 억제효과 유무는 불명확 하였다. urease activity의 경우, 요소분해율이 무처리구와 비교시 97.5%에서 99.50%로 높게 나타났기 때문에 분획물이 urease의 활성을 저해하지 않는 것으로 생각되었다. 요소분해 bacteria 수는, 쑥의 chloroform 분획을 처리한 경우를 제외하고 모든 처리에 의해 감소하였다 (적요 2의 결과와 일치). 이로서 요소분해 저해효과는 urease의 활성을 저해하기 보다는 요소분해균을 저해하기 때문에 나타나는 것으로 생각되었다. 각 추출물 성분에 대한 예비시험과 박층 chromatogram을 통해, 그 조성이 복잡하고 다양한 화합물들이 요소분해와 질산화작용 억제과정에 관여할 것으로 추측되며 이를 분획 또는 단일활성 물질을 추적하여 그 효과를 확인할 일이다.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2020

A variety of shellfish species sold for human consumption are available for purchase in the domestic fish market. The microalgae families inhabit the ocean, where planktons supply the main nutritional resource for the growth of shellfish. Some phytoplanktons produce toxic compounds that are accumulated in shellfish and ultimately cause toxicity in humans. This article reports the cytotoxicity of commercially available shellfish species. Accordingly, hot water extract (HWE) and an aqueous fraction of 50% methanol extract (MEE-AF) showed no significant cytotoxicity on the two cell lines (i.e., HL-60 and Vero cell lines), but 50% methanol extract (MEE) in 3, 6 samples showed 50% cytotoxic effects on HL-60 cells, and 1, 4 samples showed 40%, 20% cytotoxic effects on Vero cells, respectively. In addition, their consequential dichloromethane fractions (MEE-DF) exhibited significant toxicities at the highest concentration (1,000 ㎍/ml) on HL-60 and Vero cells. Since the shellfish samples showed cytotoxicity in the dichloromethane fraction, it is possible that the dichloromethane fraction contains marine toxins. Further research will be needed to identify the toxic components from each sample.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 1981

To investigate antitumor components of Korean higher fungi, the carpophores of Schizophyllum commune and Auricularia auricula-judae collected in Kyeong Buk Province were extracted with hot water or 0.1N-NaOH solution. The concentrated extracts were precipitated by addition of ethanol, and the precipitates were purified by dialyzing through visking tube and polysaccharide fractions were obtained. They were found to show antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 implanted in mice. Especially, the inhibition ratio of the extract of Auricularia adicula-judae was 90.8% in the doses of 100mg/kg/day for the period of ten days. The tumor in five of the eight mice was completely regressed. The components of these aqueous extracts were found to be polysaccharide and protein. The hydrolysis of the respective polysaccharide yielded four monosaccharides. After hydrolysis of the protein fraction, 15 amino acids were identified in the respective fraction of S. commune and A. auricula-judae.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2008

Background: Angelica dahurica has been used in various clinical cases. Its taste is hot and its property is warm, dry and nonpoisonous. Its efficacy is to remove wind-damp, cure swelling and edema, exhaust pus, stop itching, rhinitis and leukorrhea. Object: To test through experiment Angelica dahurica's analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy. Method: Inject acetic acid as a pain-inducing substance to the mice and measure visceral pain bywrithing reflex. Inject carrageenan that is an edema-inducing substance to the rat's paw and measure volume of edema. Take thermal pain to mice with plantar test and measure paw withdrawal latency. Normal group is non Angelica dahurica-treated group and treated group is Angelica dahurica-treated group. Results: In acetic acid-induced visceral model, treatment with Angelica dahurica suppressed writhing reflex significantlyand dose-dependently. In carrageenan-induced paw edema model, treatment with Angelica dahurica suppressed carrageenan-induced paw edema. In plantar test model, no significant effect on the withdrawal latency of thermal stimulation-induced nociception was observed. Conclusion: Angelica dahurica has analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy.

• Mycobiology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.138-142
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• 2006

Soil cyanobacteria isolated from the rice paddy fields of 10 different locations across Korea were evaluated by agar plate diffusion test for antifungal activity. Aqueous, petroleum ether, and methanol extracts from one hundred and forty two cyanobacterial strains belonging to the 14 genera were examined for antifungal properties against seven phytopathogenic fungi causing diseases in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L). Of total cyanobacteria, nine cyanobacteria (6.34%) exhibited antifungal effects. The nine cyanobacteria selected with positive antifungal activities were two species of Oscillatoria, two of Anabaena, three of Nostoc, one of Nodularia, and one of Calothrix. Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea were inhibited by nine and eight species of cyanobacteria, respectively. Rhizopus stolonifer was suppressed by only methanol extract of Nostoc commune FK-103. In particular, Nostoc commune FK-103 and Oscillatoria tenuis FK-109 showed strong antifungal activities against Phytophthora capsici. Their antifungal activity at the late exponential growth phase is related to the growth temperature and not associated with the growth parameters such as cell biomass and $chlorophyll-{\alpha}$ concentration. The high inhibition levels of antibiotics were 22.5 and 31.8 mm for N. commune FK-103 and O. tenuis FK-109, respectively. The optimal temperature for antibiotic productivity was $35^{\circ}C$.