• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2005년도 한국식물병리학회 임시총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.57.1-57.1
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• 2005

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.223-230
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• 1991

The structural specificity and the chemical dynamics between ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ and aspirin were studied by FT-IR UN, $^1H$ NMR. $^{13}C NMR$. and FAB-MS spectroscopy in solution and solid state, A stable solid inclusion complex was prepared by the recrystallization method, From the spectral changes of the host and guest molecules, orientational preference for binding in the cyclodextrin cavity was determined.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.740-747
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• 2014

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a very serious disease in rice-growing regions of the world. In spite of their economic importance, there are no effective ways of protecting rice plants from this disease. Bacteriophages infecting Xoo affect the population dynamics of the pathogen and consequently the occurrence of the disease. In this study, we investigated the diversity, host range, and infectivity of Xoo phages, and their use as a bicontrol agent on BLB was tested. Among the 34 phages that were isolated from floodwater in paddy fields, 29 belonged to the Myoviridae family, which suggests that the dominant phage in the ecosystem was Myoviridae. The isolated phages were classified into two groups based on plaque size produced on the lawn of Xoo. In general, there was a negative relationship between plaque size and host range, and interestingly the phages having a narrow host range had low efficiency of infectivity. The deduced protein sequence analysis of htf genes indicated that the gene was not a determinant of host specificity. Although the difference in host range and infectivity depending on morphotype needs to be addressed, the results revealed deeper understanding of the interaction between the phages and Xoo strains in floodwater and damp soil environments. The phage mixtures reduced the occurrence of BLB when they were treated with skim milk. The results indicate that the Xoo phages could be used as an alternative control method to increase the control efficacy and reduce the use of agrochemicals.

• Mycobiology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.401-408
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• 2017

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is an economically important fungal pathogen causing substantial yield losses indifferent host plants. To understand the genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of this fungus, we have developed a novel, high-resolution multi-locus microsatellite typing (MLMT) method. Bioinformatic analysis of C. gloeosporioides unannotated genome sequence yielded eight potential microsatellite loci, of which five, CG1 $(GT)_n$, CG2 $(GT1)_n$, CG3 $(TC)_n$, CG4 $(CT)_n$, and CG5 $(CT1)_n$ were selected for further study based on their universal amplification potential, reproducibility, and repeat number polymorphism. The selected microsatellites were used to analyze 31 strains of C. gloeosporioides isolated from 20 different host plants from India. All microsatellite loci were found to be polymorphic, and the approximate fragment sizes of microsatellite loci CG1, CG2, CG3, CG4, and CG5 were in ranges of 213-241, 197-227, 231-265, 209-275, and 132-188, respectively. Among the 31 isolates, 55 different genotypes were identified. The Simpson's index of diversity (D) values for the individual locus ranged from 0.79 to 0.92, with the D value of all combined five microsatellite loci being 0.99. Microsatellite data analysis revealed that isolates from Ocimum sanctum, Capsicum annuum (chili pepper), and Mangifera indica (mango) formed distinct clusters, therefore exhibited some level of correlation between certain genotypes and host. The developed MLMT method would be a powerful tool for studying the genetic diversity and any possible genotype-host correlation in C. gloeosporioides.

• Mycobiology
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.461-468
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• 2021

The genus Laccaria (Hydnangiaceae, Agaricales) plays an important role in forest ecosystems as an ectomycorrhizal fungus, contributing to nutrient cycles through symbiosis with many types of trees. Though understanding Laccaria diversity and distribution patterns, as well as its association with host plants, is fundamental to constructing a balanced plant diversity and conducting effective forest management, previous studies have not been effective in accurately investigating, as they relied heavily on specimen collection alone. To investigate the true diversity and distribution pattern of Laccaria species and determine their host types, we used four different approaches: specimen-based analysis, open database search (ODS), NGS analysis, and species-specific PCR (SSP). As a result, 14 Laccaria species have been confirmed in Korea. Results regarding the species distribution pattern were different between specimen-based analysis and SSP. However, when both were integrated, the exact distribution pattern of each Laccaria species was determined. In addition, the SSP revealed that many Laccaria species have a wide range of host types. This study shows that using these four different approaches is useful in determining the diversity, distribution, and host of ECM fungi. Furthermore, results obtained for Laccaria will serve as a baseline to help understand the role of ECM fungi in forest management in response to climate change.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.496-508
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• 1992

한국산 쌍자엽식물아강에 속하는 잡초가해곤충과 기주특이성을 조사한 결과 잡초 39속 54종으로부터 곤충이 가장 많이 채집된 것은 마디풀목으로 22속 24종이었고 쐐기풀목과 중심자목에서는 17속 17종이 채집되었다. 그외의 목에서는 쥐방울덩굴목의 1속 1종에서 통화 식물목의 12속 12종까지 다양하였다. 쐐기풀목에서 채집된 17종의 곤충중 삼과의 환삼덩굴에서 Bares sp. 바구미가 기주특이성을 나타내면서 잎을 산공형으로 가해하고 있었고, 마디 풀목에서는 참소리쟁이와 소리쟁이에서 소리쟁이진딧물과 좀남색잎벌레의 가해능력이 뛰어났으며 기주특이성이 있었다. 여뀌류와 고마리에서는 잎벌레인 Lypesthes japonicus의 가해능력이 가장 우수하였고 길쭉바구미류(Lixus spp.)도 빈번하게 채집되었다. 그리고 개여뀌에서는 처음으로 백합관총채벌레가 채집되었다. 며느리밑씻개에서는 미동전된 자나방이, 며느리 배꼽에서는 털꼭지바구미(Miarus atricolor)의 가해가 심하였다. 중심자목에서는 흰명아주와 명아주에서 애남생이잎벌레가 기주특이성을 나타내면서 잎을 가해하고 있었다. 한편, 콩밭에서 콩잎을 가해하고 있던 담배거세미나방 유충이 하층식물인 명아주와 개비름의 잎을 심하게 가해하고 있었는데 잡초가 해충발생에 영향을 미친다는 것이 확인되었다. 도금양목의 달맞이꽃류에서는 벼룩잎벌레(Altica oleracea)가 종종 채집되었고 통화식물목의 까마중은 목화진딧물의 피해를 받고 있었으며 홍다리줄벼룩잎벌레(Phylliodes brettinghami)가 처음으로 채집되었다. 질경이목의 질경이에서는 노린재류외에 줄무늬긴발벼룩잎벌레(Longitarsus scutellaris), 보라잎벌레(Hemipyxis plagioderoides)가 처음으로 기록되면서 기주특이성을 나타내었다. 노린재류도 많은 잡초에서 빈번하게 채집되었으나 가해유무는 확인하기 어려웠고 섬서구메뚜기도 많은 종류의 잡초를 가해하고 있었다.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.217-222
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• 1987

남부지방의 고추, 오이, 대추, 딸기, 수도 등에 발생한 모잘록병 이병주에서 분리한 9가지 Rhizoctonia solani 균주의 고추, 오이, 무, 대추에 대한 병원성을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. AGI 균주는 공시한 모든 기주에 대해 강한 병원성이 있었고, AG2군 1형 균주는 무와 배추에 대해서는 강한 병원성을, 고추에 대해서는 묘령이 증가함에 다라 발병이 적어 중정도의 병원성이 있었으나, 오이에 대해서는 병원성이 매우 약한 경향이었다. AG2군 2형 균주는 고추를 제외한 나머지 작물에는 병원성이 없거나 약하였고, AG5 균주는 공시한 모든 기주에 대해 중정도의 병원성이 있었다. 각 균주의 병원성 정도는 균계융합군(AG)간에는 차이가 있었으나, 같은 균사융합군(AG)내에서는 큰 차이가 없었다. 즉, AG1은 공시한 모든 기주에 강한 병원성을 보였으며, AG2군 1형 균주는 오이에 대해서만 약한 정도의 병원성을, 다른 기주에 대해서는 강한 병원성을 나타내었다. 각 기주의 묘령별 발병율은 살균토나 비살균토에서 묘령이 많을수록 감소하는 경향을 보였으나, 오이 뿌리와 수도줄기에서 분리한 병원성이 강한 균주에 대해서 각 기주는 묘령에 따른 발병율의 차이가 없었다. 살균토와 비살균토에서 병원성을 비교하면 병원균이 분리된 기주 및 근록의 작물에 대해서는 비살균토보다 살균토에서 더 강한 병원성을 보였으나, 병원균이 분리된 작물과 원록의 작물에 대해서는 살균토보다 비살균토에서 더 강한 병원성을 보였는데, 전반적으로는 다른 토양전염성병과는 달리 살균토보다 비살균토에서 병원성이 더 강하였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

Worldwide, rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr. (anamorph, Pyricularia grisea Sacc.), is one of the most economically devastating crop diseases. Management of rice blast through the breeding of blast-resistant varieties has had only limited xuccess due to the frequent breakdown of resistance under field conditions (Bonman etal., 1992; Correa-Victoria and Zeigler, 1991; Kiyosawa, 1982). The frequent variation of race in pathogen populations has been proposed as the principal mechanism involved in the loss of resistance (Ou, 1980). Although it is generally accepted that race change in M. grisea occurs in nature, the degree of its variability has been a controversial subject. A number of studies have reported the appearance of new races at extremely high rates (Giatgong and Frederiksen, 1968; Ou and Ayad, 1968; Ou et al., 1970; Ou et al., 1971). Various potential mechanisms, including heterokaryosis (Suzuki, 1965), parasexual recombination (Genovesi and Magill, 1976), and aneuploidy (Kameswar Row et al., 1985; Ou, 1980), have been proposed to explain frequent race changes. In contrast, other studies have shown that although race change could occur, its frequency was much lower than that predicted by earlier studies (Bonman et al., 1987; Latterell and Rossi, 1986; Marchetti et al., 1976). Although questions about the frequency of race changes in M. grisea remain unanswered, the application of molecular genetic tools to study the fungus, ranging from its genes controlling host specificity to its population sturctures and dynamics, have begun to provide new insights into the potential mechanisms underlying race variation. In this review we aim to provide an overview on (a) the molecular basis of host specificity of M. grisea, (b) the population structure and dynamics of rice pathogens, and (c) the nature and mechanisms of genetic changes underpinning virulence variation in M. grisea.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.442-449
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• 1998

Freeze-dried cortical bones of the goat were transplanted to the experimental fibular defect of 10 dogs for valuating the possibility of xenogeneic bone implantation and the specificity of BM(Bone Morphogenetic Protein). The . freeze-dried cortical bone eliminated antigens and defatted with chloroform and methanol were freeze-dried at $-80{\circ}C$ for preservation of BMP and then sterilized with 50 gas and storaged in room temperature. Ten freeze-dried cortical implants of the goat were transplanted in experimentally defected regions of bilateral fibula of 5 dogs in clinically normal. The transplanted region had been radiographed for observing state of bone union and BALPOone Alkaline Phosphatase) in the serum of the host was measured for valuating activity of oteoblast per 2 week-interval after transplant procedures. New bone formation had been observed early in one of ten regions around implants about the same time as autoimplant regions. It was incorporated with its host bone during 4-12 weeks after transplantation. In another 2 cases of 2 dogs, new bone formation and absorption of implant had been observed from 4 weeks but they were not incorporated completely until 20 weeks. The rest of the freeze-dried bone implants, 7 cases of 4 dogs had not been observed new bone formation nor absorption of implants. The freeze-drying method for implants means to not influence bone incorporation. Although less of union percentages the union form of this experiment were similar to alloimplantation and it may mean to block immunity reaction that disturbs the bone induction by BMP. It demonsknted that the possibility of the xenogenous bone implantation is recognized by reason of the low specificity of BMP between goat and dog.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.212-218
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• 2015

In this study, we developed a species-specific PCR assay for rapid and accurate detection of three Xanthomonas species, X. axonopodis pv. poinsettiicola (XAP), X. hyacinthi (XH) and X. campestris pv. zantedeschiae (XCZ), based on their draft genome sequences. XAP, XH and XCZ genomes consist of single chromosomes that contain 5,221, 4,395 and 7,986 protein coding genes, respectively. Species-specific primers were designed from variable regions of the draft genome sequence data and assessed by a PCR-based detection method. These primers were also tested for specificity against 17 allied Xanthomonas species as well as against the host DNA and the microbial community of the host surface. Three primer sets were found to be very specific and no amplification product was obtained with the host DNA and the microbial community of the host surface. In addition, a detection limit of $1pg/{\mu}l$ per PCR reaction was detected when these primer sets were used to amplify corresponding bacterial DNAs. Therefore, these primer sets and the developed species-specific PCR assay represent a valuable, sensitive, and rapid diagnostic tool that can be used to detect three specific pathogens at early stages of infection and may help control diseases.