• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.496-508
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• 1992

한국산 쌍자엽식물아강에 속하는 잡초가해곤충과 기주특이성을 조사한 결과 잡초 39속 54종으로부터 곤충이 가장 많이 채집된 것은 마디풀목으로 22속 24종이었고 쐐기풀목과 중심자목에서는 17속 17종이 채집되었다. 그외의 목에서는 쥐방울덩굴목의 1속 1종에서 통화 식물목의 12속 12종까지 다양하였다. 쐐기풀목에서 채집된 17종의 곤충중 삼과의 환삼덩굴에서 Bares sp. 바구미가 기주특이성을 나타내면서 잎을 산공형으로 가해하고 있었고, 마디 풀목에서는 참소리쟁이와 소리쟁이에서 소리쟁이진딧물과 좀남색잎벌레의 가해능력이 뛰어났으며 기주특이성이 있었다. 여뀌류와 고마리에서는 잎벌레인 Lypesthes japonicus의 가해능력이 가장 우수하였고 길쭉바구미류(Lixus spp.)도 빈번하게 채집되었다. 그리고 개여뀌에서는 처음으로 백합관총채벌레가 채집되었다. 며느리밑씻개에서는 미동전된 자나방이, 며느리 배꼽에서는 털꼭지바구미(Miarus atricolor)의 가해가 심하였다. 중심자목에서는 흰명아주와 명아주에서 애남생이잎벌레가 기주특이성을 나타내면서 잎을 가해하고 있었다. 한편, 콩밭에서 콩잎을 가해하고 있던 담배거세미나방 유충이 하층식물인 명아주와 개비름의 잎을 심하게 가해하고 있었는데 잡초가 해충발생에 영향을 미친다는 것이 확인되었다. 도금양목의 달맞이꽃류에서는 벼룩잎벌레(Altica oleracea)가 종종 채집되었고 통화식물목의 까마중은 목화진딧물의 피해를 받고 있었으며 홍다리줄벼룩잎벌레(Phylliodes brettinghami)가 처음으로 채집되었다. 질경이목의 질경이에서는 노린재류외에 줄무늬긴발벼룩잎벌레(Longitarsus scutellaris), 보라잎벌레(Hemipyxis plagioderoides)가 처음으로 기록되면서 기주특이성을 나타내었다. 노린재류도 많은 잡초에서 빈번하게 채집되었으나 가해유무는 확인하기 어려웠고 섬서구메뚜기도 많은 종류의 잡초를 가해하고 있었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.146-156
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• 1993

그물버섯속(屬)(Boletus)의 버섯은 대부분이 소나무과(科), 참나무과(科), 자작나무과(科) 수목과 공생하는 것으로서 기주선택성이 강한 것이 있으면서 기주식물의 생장을 촉진하기도 한다. 또한 맛과 향기가 특이하여 기호식품으로 즐겨 채집되는 것도 있지만 국내에서는 이런 면에서 전혀 인기가 없으며 그물버섯(B.edulis)는 국내에서는 아직 채집된 바가 없다. 현재 우리나라에서는 그물버섯속(屬)에서 26종(種)이 보고되어 있으나 새로운 종(種)이 계속 보고되고 있다 . 여기서는 국내외에서 발표된 기존 논문을 참고로 하여 귀신그물버섯과(科)와 그물버섯과(科)에 이르는 검색표(檢索表), 그물버섯과(科)의 속(屬)에 대한 검색표(檢索表) 그리고 국내 분포 종(種)을 포함하는 111종(種)의 그물버섯속(屬)의 종(種)에 대한 검색표(檢索表)를 제시하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

Leptotrombidium scutellare is one of the 6 main vectors of scrub typhus in China. It has been found in more than 15 provinces of China. Especially in Yunnan, it was found to be mainly distributed in some mountainous areas with high altitude, low temperature and low precipitation. Rodents and some other small mammals were the most common hosts of L. scutellare. To date, more than 40 host species of L. scutellare have been recorded with very low host specificity, and the main hosts varied in different geographical regions. L. scutellare had a strong resistance against the cold environment, and the temperature and humidity were 2 important factors affecting its growth and development. Among different individuals of their rodent hosts, L. scutellare mites often showed an aggregated distribution pattern, which reflected the interspecific cooperation of the mites. The chromosome karyotype of L. scutellare was 2n=16 and all the 8 pairs of chromosomes were short rod-shaped with metacentric or sub-metacentric types. The isozyme spectrum supported that L. scutellare, L. deliense and L. rubellum were in the same species group. Based on the natural infection, experimental transmission and epidemiological evidence, L. scutellare has been eventually confirmed as the second major vector of scrub typhus in China, which is second only to L. deliense.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.385-393
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• 2016

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causes bacterial canker disease in kiwifruit. Owing to the prohibition of agricultural antibiotic use in major kiwifruit-cultivating countries, alternative methods need to be developed to manage this disease. Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect target bacteria and have recently been reconsidered as potential biological control agents for bacterial pathogens owing to their specificity in terms of host range. In this study, we isolated bacteriophages against P. syringae pv. actinidiae from soils collected from kiwifruit orchards in Korea and selected seven bacteriophages for further characterization based on restriction enzyme digestion patterns of genomic DNA. Among the studied bacteriophages, two belong to the Myoviridae family and three belong to the Podoviridae family, based on morphology observed by transmission electron microscopy. The host range of the selected bacteriophages was confirmed using 18 strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae, including the Psa2 and Psa3 groups, and some were also effective against other P. syringae pathovars. Lytic activity of the selected bacteriophages was sustained in vitro until 80 h, and their activity remained stable up to 50℃, at pH 11, and under UV-B light. These results indicate that the isolated bacteriophages are specific to P. syringae species and are resistant to various environmental factors, implying their potential use in control of bacterial canker disease in kiwifruits.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2021

Parasitic infection is among the most common problems for carp cultivation. They are also important for the principal entrance of other hazardous infections as well. This study was carried out for determining of parasitic fauna of two major carp known as silver and grass carp with the comparison of prevalence value and intensity rate of parasites among them, alongside the relationship between the biometric characteristics and host sex with the infection level. For this purpose, a total of 94 fish samples were caught randomly using a fishing net, from Guilan ponds during spring and summer of the year 2018 and transported alive to the laboratory. Upon arriving, the biometric characteristics and genus of each carp were measured individually. Specimens were then acquired from the skin, gills, and eyes of the carp and examined according to standard parasitology methods. Recovered parasites were observed under a light microscope and then fixed for identification. As the result, the occurrence and intensity in the higher length group were comparatively greater than the lower one. Also, the prevalence and intensity of total parasites in male carp were higher than in females. In this research, Dactylogyrus hypophthalmichthys and Dactylogyrus aristhichtys were observed in silver carp and Dactylogyrus lamellatus was detected in grass carp. In the paper below, we found that the host specificity varies in different species of Dactylogyrus isolated from grass carp and silver carp.

• 식물병연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2021

Xylella fastidiosa is the most damaging pathogen in many parts of the world. To increase diagnostic capability of X. fastidiosa in the field, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay were developed to mqsA gene of citrate-synthase (XF 1535) X. fastidiosa and evaluated for specificity and sensitivity. Both assays were more robust than current published tests for detection of X. fastidiosa when screened against 16 isolates representing the four major subgroups of the bacterium from a range of host species. No cross reaction with DNA from healthy hosts or other species of bacteria has been observed. The LAMP and PCR assays could detect 10-4 pmol and 100 copies of the gene, respectively. Hydroxynaphthol blue was evaluated as an endpoint detection method for LAMP. There was a significant color shift that signaled the existence of the bacterium when at least 100 copies of the target template were present.

• Mycobiology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.263-269
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• 2017

The genus Peronospora, an obligate biotrophic group belonging to Oomycota, causes serious damage to a variety of wild and ornamental plants, as well as cultivated crops, such as beet, rose, spinach, and tobacco. To investigate the diversity of Peronospora species parasitic to Stellaria and Pseudostellaria (Caryophyllaceae) plants in Korea, we performed a morphological analysis on dried herbarium specimens and molecular phylogenetic inferences based on internal transcribed spacer rDNA and cox2 mitochondrial DNA sequences. As a result, it was confirmed that there are four species of Peronospora parasitic to specific species of Stellaria and Pseudostellaria, all of which were hitherto unrecorded in Korea: P. alsinearum (ex Stellaria media), P. stellariae-aquaticae (ex Stellaria aquatica), P. stellariae-uliginosae (ex Stellaria alsine), and P. pseudostellariae (ex Pseudostellaria palibiniana). In addition, Peronospora specimens parasitic to Pseudostellaria davidii differed morphologically from P. pseudostellariae owing to the large and ellipsoidal conidia; this morphological discrepancy was also validated by the high genetic divergence between the two species. Peronospora casparyi sp. nov. is described and illustrated here.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2020

The chigger mite Leptotrombidium sialkotense is one of the 6 main vectors of scrub typhus in China. Before present study, L. sialkotense was found in some parts of Hunan province, China with a narrow geographical distribution. During field investigation 2016-2017, we found L. sialkotense in Jingha, southern Yunnan, China. Of 15 small mammal host species, L. sialkotense were collected from 6 species of the hosts. Rattus brunneusculus was a dominant host of L. sialkotense, from which 98.3% of the mites were collected. The chigger mite showed a relatively high infestation prevalence (P_M =11.7%) and mean abundance (MA=0.5) in comparison with the rest 5 host species. These results reveal a certain host specificity of L. sialkotense to a rat R. brunneusculus. The mite L. sialkotense showed an aggregated distribution on the host (P<0.05). A positive correlation observed between L. sialkotense and the body length of hosts. There was a positive interspecific association between L. sialkotense and 2 other dominant vectors, L. deliense and L. scutellare.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.10-24
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• 2014

Genetic diversity and differentiation of 50 Colletotrichum spp. isolates from legume crops studied through multigene loci, RAPD and ISSR analysis. DNA sequence comparisons by six genes (ITS, ACT, Tub2, CHS-1, GAPDH, and HIS3) verified species identity of C. truncatum, C. dematium and C. gloeosporiodes and identity C. capsici as a synonym of C. truncatum. Based on the matrix distance analysis of multigene sequences, the Colletotrichum species showed diverse degrees of intera and interspecific divergence (0.0 to 1.4%) and (15.5-19.9), respectively. A multilocus molecular phylogenetic analysis clustered Colletotrichum spp. isolates into 3 well-defined clades, representing three distinct species; C. truncatum, C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides. The ISSR and RAPD and cluster analysis exhibited a high degree of variability among different isolates and permitted the grouping of isolates of Colletotrichum spp. into three distinct clusters. Distinct populations of Colletotrichum spp. isolates were genetically in accordance with host specificity and inconsistent with geographical origins. The large population of C. truncatum showed greater amounts of genetic diversity than smaller populations of C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides species. Results of ISSR and RAPD markers were congruent, but the effective maker ratio and the number of private alleles were greater in ISSR markers.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.539-546
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• 2019

The major cultured marine fishes in sea off the coast Gyeongsangnam-do Province, South Korea, were assessed and included 9.3% rockfish Sebastes schlegelii, 7.8% red seabream Pagrus major, and 2.1% rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus. The number of insurance payments related to disease mortality in cultured fish in 2017 was fourfold that in 2016. Economic loss in aquaculture due to disease in cultured fish is high and represents an important inhibitory factor affecting marine fishery productivity. In 2018, diseases led to severe production losses in several aquaculture species: 40.0% in rockfish, 11.4% in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, 10.0% in filefish Thamnaconus modestus, and 9.3% in red seabream. Fish-parasitic pathogens such as Microcotyle sebastis, Alella spp., and Dactylogyrus spp. enter mainly via the gills and skin surface. Among bacterial pathogens, Vibrio species were most common, with Vibrio harveyi being the dominant species causing infections in these fishes. The bacterium Lactococcus garvieae is thought to exhibit host specificity in fish. The fish species in the present study exhibited a higher tendency for infection by heterologous pathogens than by a single pathogen; therefore, it is necessary to devise new strategies for treating diseases in cultured fish.