• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.13-24
• /
• 2019

Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical development which occurs during the period from puberty to adulthood. Going through this period, various parts of an adolescent's body grow at different rates, leading to different body shapes and proportions when compared to adults. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the body sizes and shapes of junior high school boys from ages 13-15 based on body measurement items that are used as the basis for school uniform designs including jackets, shirts, and pants. For this, the study sought the basic data needed to develop body shapes and school uniform patterns for junior high school boys using the data from the 6th Size Korea Survey (2010). Specifically, it provided basic data for the development of school uniform patterns that fit well through the classification of bodies into particular types. After extracting body shape componen a cluster analysis using ANOVA was performed. According to the factor analysis conducted to determine body shape components, 5 factors were obtained as follows: Factor 1: bulk and horizontal size, Factor 2: body height and length, Factor 3: shoulder shape and length, Factor 4: characteristics of horizontal size, Factor 5: shape of the upper body with a variance of 82.62%. To classify junior high school boys' body shape was determined using various characteristics, and a cluster analysis was performed with the variables obtained by the factor analysis. For this, body shapes were classified into 3 different types: Type 1 accounted for 33.4%, with a total of 463 subjects. This type was a tall, long body individual with the smallest bulk and size. Type 2 accounted for 22.7%, with a total of 315 subjects. This type was large in bulk and horizontal size, but the lowest in height and length. Type 3 accounted for 43.9%, with a total of 610 subjects. This type was close to average in terms of horizontal size, length, and height. To develop well-fitting school uniforms for junior high school students, there should be further studies on changes in body shape and their associated causes. The study results will be available as basic data for comparing branded school uniform patterns for junior high school boys and developing school uniform patterns based on body shape, using 3D virtual clothing simulations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2002.03a
• /
• pp.557-564
• /
• 2002

Discharge capacity test is carried out to find out influencing factors on discharge capacity of prefabricated horizontal drains to improve weak dredged clay. Four representative prefabricated horizontal drains are selected based on the size of drain as well as the shape of core. Test is carried out for 10 days at each three level of confining pressure for all drains. Effects of elapsed time, confining pressure, hydraulic gradient and strength of filter and core on discharge capacities are examined. It is found that discharge capacity of drain, which has deformable core or has a possibility of squeezing filter into core, decreases more with time due to its low strength. As confining pressure increases, discharge capacity decreases due to the squeezing of filter into core.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.273-280
• /
• 2015

Delays in horizontal well drilling when encountering heterogeneous sediments can have negative effects on the construction process at a riverbank filtration site. Grain size analysis, including calculation of the coefficient of uniformity and the coefficient of curvature, was conducted on soil samples collected at each drilling depth during the process of drilling horizontal wells. These results were then used to develop a linear equation for estimating drilling velocity using the coefficient of uniformity and the coefficient of curvature as inputs. Testing of the linear equation in other horizontal wells indicates that the equation is most appropriate for coarse-sand-sized and well-sorted sediment. Because this study was conducted in a region with small- to medium-sized streams, more data are needed from larger rivers to modify the general equation. Our results will provide better estimates of drilling velocity, in turn enabling more detailed design and more effective construction management at riverbank filtration sites.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.327-337
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is for size suitability and fitness improvement for Korean 20's women. This study has classified hip types of 20's women by the 6th Korean Anthropometric Survey(Size Korean), then compared their lower body-type by hip types each other. The results are as follows. Factor analysis in sorting hip types can be explained 77.72% by nine factors. And cluster analysis can be divided into three types. Type 1 is referred to as a general type which has the largest size in the 'Hip circumference', but the buttocks's horizontal sizes are in the middle size besides the hip line. Type 2 is referred to as a protruding type in upper buttocks which is large in protruding volume of upper buttocks, but the buttock's horizontal sizes are small including 'Hip circumference', and buttock's horizontal section form close to circle. Type 3 is referred to as a type which is contrary to Type 2. Type 3 is small in protruding volume of upper buttocks, but large in lower buttocks, and the protrusions in whole buttocks are small, so the side view of Type 3 made gentle fit shape. By these results, the study could classify lower body of 20's women, and it can be basic data for new sizing systems and pattern development of bottoms.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.20 no.8
• /
• pp.5-12
• /
• 2019

A pile group, that consists of several piles connected by a pile cap, is used as the superstructure. The pile supports vertical and horizontal load to design the pile group, but the effect of bearing capacity of the pile cap has not considered. Various researches have been conducted to reflect the effect of bearing capacity of the pile cap in order to reduce the amount of piles in the range of the stability under the vertical load of the superstructure. However, the effect of bearing capacity under the horizontal seismic load has not been studied adequately. Therefore, a shaking table test was carried out with different-sized pile caps that support the superstructure in this study. This test was to verify the influence of the size of the pile cap in the group pile under the horizontal load. The result shows that the size of the pile cap affects to the dynamic behavior of the superstructure and the pile group. Also, the bigger size of the pile group makes the larger constraint effect of ground, and it results that both the ground and the pile moves as a whole.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2004.11a
• /
• pp.24-32
• /
• 2004

The characteristics of heat transfer from horizontal cylinder immersed in both a riser and downcomer of a circulating fluidized beds were investigated experimentally under different values of solids mass flux, superficial air velocity, particle size diameter, and different bed materials. The test results indicated that local heat transfer coefficients in both riser and downcomer are strongly influenced by angular position, and mass flux, as well as by particle size and bed materials. The local heat transfer coefficients around a circumference of the cylinder inside a riser and downcomer of a CFB exhibited a general tendency to increase with decreasing particle size and increasing solids mass flux and vary with different bed materials. Also the averaged heat transfer coefficient calculated from local heat transfer coefficient exhibited the same trend as a local i.e increase with decrease particle size and increasing solids mass flux and vary with varying bed materials. The general trend for a riser local heat transfer coefficient is decrease with increase angle until ${\Phi}$ = 0.5-0.6 (Where at angle =180$^{\circ}$ ${\Phi}$ =1). Also the general trend for a local heat transfer coefficient in downcomer is to increase with increase the angle until ${\Phi}$= ${\theta}/{\Pi}$ = 0.3-0.5 (Where at angle =180$^{\circ}$ ${\Phi}$ =1). Comparison the results of the heat transfer in the riser and downcomer of a circulating fluidized beds shows that they have approximately the same trend but the values of heat transfer coefficients in riser is higher than in downcomer.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.319-332
• /
• 2001

This study attempts to measure body sizes and somatotypes of 844 female middle and high students girls in their growth period and to investigate characteristics of each of the measured somatotypes. The data used for this study were 50 items of body sizes obtained from anthropometric measurements. The purposes of the study are as follows: 1. to analyze physical characteristics according to age. 2. to extract factors of somatotypes using factor analyses. 3. to classify somatotypes according to physical characteristics using cluster analyses. The study results were as follows: 1. TH anthropometric measurements indicated that three existed collective patterns of somatotypes across Group I(12∼13 years old), Group II(14∼15 years old), and Group III(16∼18 years old). 2. Through factor analyses, 6 factors were yielded from each age group. The cumulative proportions of these factors were 77% for Group I, 75% for Group II, and 72% for Group III. Factor I indicates a horizontal size factor and Factor 2 indicates a vertical size factor. 3. Group I and Group II ere classified into 5 types and Group III was classified as 3 types. In Group I, middle height and a little slim types were most prevalent(28%). In Group II, low height and very slim types were most prevalent(28.9%). Finally, In Group III, low height and slim types were most prevalent(4.6%)

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.335-348
• /
• 2010

Cutouts are often provided in structural and aircraft components for ventilation, for access, inspection, electric lines and fuel lines or sometimes to lighten the structure. This paper addresses the effects of cutout shape (i.e., circular, square, diamond, elliptical-vertical and elliptical-horizontal) and size on buckling and postbuckling response of quasi-isotropic (i.e., $(+45/-45/0/90)_{2s}$) composite laminate under uni-axial compression. The finite element method is used to carry out the investigation. The formulation is based on first order shear deformation theory and von Karman's assumptions are used to incorporate geometric nonlinearity. The 3-D Tsai-Hill criterion is used to predict the failure of a lamina while the onset of delamination is predicted by the interlaminar failure criterion. It is observed that for the smaller size cutout area there is no significant effect of cutout shape on load-deflection response of the laminate. It is also concluded that the cutout size has substantial influence on the buckling and postbuckling response of the laminate with elliptical-horizontal cutout, while this effect is observed to be the least in case of laminate with elliptical-vertical cutout.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.391-404
• /
• 2011

This study investigates the impact of cumulus parameterization scheme (CPS) with different horizontal grid sizes on the simulation of the local heavy rainfall case over the Korean Peninsula. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-based real-time forecast system of the Joint Center for High-impact Weather and Climate Research (JHWC) is used. Three CPSs are used for sensitivity experiments: the BMJ (Betts-Miller-Janjic), GD (Grell-Devenyi ensemble), and KF (Kain-Fritsch) CPSs. The heavy rainfall case selected in this study is characterized by low-level jet and low-level transport of warm and moist air. In 27-km simulations (DM1), simulated precipitation is overestimated in the experiment with BMJ scheme, and it is underestimated with GD scheme. The experiment with KF scheme shows well-developed precipitation cells in the southern and the central region of the Korean Peninsula, which are similar to the observations. All schemes show wet bias and cold bias in the lower troposphere. The simulated rainfall in 27-km horizontal resolution has influence on rainfall forecast in 9-km horizontal resolution, so the statements on 27-km horizontal resolution can be applied to 9-km horizontal resolution. In the sensitivity experiments of CPS for DM3 (3-km resolution), the experiment with BMJ scheme shows better heavy rainfall forecast than the other experiments. The experiments with CPS in 3-km horizontal resolution improve rainfall forecasts compared to the experiments without CPS, especially in rainfall distribution. The experiments with CPS show lower LCL(Lifted Condensation Level) than those without CPS at the maximum rainfall point, and weaker vertical velocity is simulated in the experiments with CPS compared to the experiments without CPS. It means that CPS suppresses convective instability and influences mainly convective rainfall. Consequently, heavy rainfall simulation with BMJ CPS is better than the other CPSs, and even in 3-km horizontal resolution, CPS should be applied to control convective instability. This conclusion can be generalized by conducting more experiments for a variety of cases over the Korean Peninsula.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.351-354
• /
• 2015

In this study, alumina plates 9~25 μm in size were used as thermal fillers, and epoxy resin was used as a polymer matrix. Oriented alumina plate/epoxy composites were prepared using a rolling method. The effect of ordering alumina plates increased with alumina plate size. The thermal conductivity and flexural strength of the composites were investigated. The horizontal thermal conductivity of the oriented composite was significantly higher than the vertical thermal conductivity. The horizontal thermal conductivity of the 75 wt% alumina content was 8.78 W/mk, although the vertical thermal conductivity was 1.04 W/mk. Ordering of the alumina plate using a rolling method significantly improved the thermal conductivity in the horizontal direction. The flexural strengths of the ordered alumina/epoxy composites prepared at different curing temperatures were measured.