• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 1985

The purpose of this study was to provide the proper nutritional management, and help to improve the health of girl students in a rural area. The nutritional survey, and blood sampling was conducted for five days, from April 26 to 30, 1983. The subjects of this survey were 110 students of girl's high school in Cheongyang area. The results were summerized as follows; 1) The daily food intake was 842.3g and that of animal foods was 34.4g. The average intake of calorie, protein, Ca, Fe, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin except Vit. A and Vit. C was below the RDA. Total calorie intake was l,802kcal. The ratio of carbohydrate, protein and fat was 81:11:8. 2) The extent of malnutrition was explained in terms of the amount of calorie, protein, Ca, Fe, and Vit. C. The predicted percentage of deficiency was 47.3% in calorie, 46.4% in protein, 61.8% in Ca, 48.2% in Fe, and 15.5% in Vit C of total subjects. 3) The mean values of Hgb, Hct and MCHC were 13.15g/dl, 39.57% and 33.2%, thus, the anemic prevalences were 10.9%, 2% and 78.2% respectively. The mean values of SI.TIBCand TS were $109.86{\mu}g$/61, $317.11{\mu}g/dl$ and 34.59%. 4) The correlation between the economic levels and nutrients intake was significant. Correlation between weight and nutrients intake was also significant but nutrients intake was not significantly correlated to blood contents.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.175-186
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the body weight control, attitudes, lifestyles and dietary habits according to the obesity index of elementary school students. This study utilized questionnaires and body composition measurements collected with a bio- electrical impedance analyzer(Inbody 4.0). Specifically, differences between the underweight group, normal group, and overweight group were tested by a $x^2$-test or ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The subjects consisted of 571 elementary school students residing in Chonbuk Province. The average age, height, weight, and BMI of the male subjects was 11.5 years, 150.0 cm, 45.2 kg and $20.0\;kg/m^2$, respectively. The average age, height, weight, and BMI of the female subjects was 11.5 years, 152.2 cm, 46.1 kg and $19.8\;kg/m^2$, respectively. Twenty percent of the subjects were in the underweight group, 52.2% were in the normal weight group, and 27.8% were in the overweight group according to the Korean Pediatrics Society standards. A total of 50.2% of the subjects were dissatisfied with their body weight, while 36.8% of underweight, 42.3% of normal weight, and 81.1% of overweight subjects were dissatisfied with their weight. Fifty two percent of the subjects had attempted to reduce their body weight, including 50% of the normal weight group. The main reason for wanting to reduce body weight was to maintain health. The percentage of subjects who had received body weight control education was 41.3%, but 77.6% of the subjects thought it was necessary. Poor time management, lack of physical activity, portion size of meals, unbalanced diet, frequent consumption of convenience foods, and frequent snacking all affected the obesity index. Overall, the results of this study indicate that it is necessary to develop weight control programs for all elementary school students who are underweight, normal weight, and overweight.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.79-88
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• 2012

In this paper, we design a mutual authentication protocol which divided sessions from an authenticated session are updated periodically. And in order to minimize the traffic overhead for session authentication, we also introduce dynamic session management according to sampling rate of medical sensor type. And randomize the divided session time. This model has the effect of blocking the integrity and confidentiality intrusion of rogue gateway. Moreover, efficiency is provided through medical data to be transmitted have different sampling rate. In order to evaluate this model, it was embodied and experimented in TinyOS 2.1 environment. The result, we got an overall validity from three types of experiment.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.98-108
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was designed to explore the effects of core competencies on adaptation of the major, career identity and career search ability in nursing students. Methods: A correlational research design was used with the convenient sample of 360 nursing students. After explaining the purpose of this study to the participants, those who signed the consent form were provided with a self-descriptive questionnaire. Results: The highest average score of leadership of core competencies was 5.5 on 7 point-scale. The lowest average score of problem-solving ability was 4.4. There were significant correlations between adaptation of the major, career identity, and career search ability and core competencies, with the exceptions of nursing students. Adaptation of the major could be explained 25% by the instrument application ability, leadership, organizational structure, teamwork and career development. Career identity could be explained 13% by leadership, responsibility, teamwork, and career development. Career search ability could be explained 12% by responsibility, conflict management, teamwork, communication ability and career development. Conclusion: Based on the results, core competencies showed statistically significant effects on adaptation of the major, career identity and career search ability in nursing students. Thus, it is necessary to develop an educational curriculum to improve core competencies, career identify and career search ability.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and apply simulation-based education, and to verify the effects of this type of education on nursing students' presence in education, systems thinking, and proactivity in problem solving. Method: Subjects were 69 senior college students recruited through convenient sampling. This study used a one-group pre-posttest quasi-experimental design. A structured survey was administered a week before and after provision of the simulation-based education once a week for 4 weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-tests. Results: Teaching presence increased after the educational intervention; instructional design and organization, and aspect of direct facilitation subscales improved. Learning presence increased after the educational intervention; although cognitive presence did not change, emotional presence increased. With regard to emotional presence, perception and expression of one's emotional status increased, although emotional management did not change. Moreover, systems thinking increased. Among the subscales, team learning showed an increase after the educational intervention. However, there was no significant difference in proactivity in problem solving, although it showed an increase after the educational intervention. Conclusion: Based on the aforementioned study results, there is need to establish educational environments for qualitative teaching and learning presence, and devise strategies to increase learning effects with various teaching methods and type of content.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.250-258
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nursing work environment, patient safety culture, and patient safety nursing activities in hemodialysis units at primary care centers. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 116 nurses working in hemodialysis units at 22 primary care centers were enrolled as participants. They were selected them by the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using structured questionnaires that included questions on general characteristics, nursing work environment, patient safety culture, and patient safety nursing activities. Results: The nursing work environment was relatively good; however, the patient safety culture and patient safety nursing activities were poor. A positive correlation was found between nursing work environment, patient safety culture, and patient safety nursing activities. Factors that affect patient safety culture were rated high in the order of nursing work environment and patient safety nursing activities, and factors affecting patient safety nursing activities were rated high in the order of patient safety culture and age. Conclusion: This study showed that the development of tailored patient safety training for nurses in hemodialysis units working in primary care and administrative support from those institutions are needed. In particular, strategies accounting for nurses' characteristics such as age are required to strengthen patient safety nursing activities.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.159-174
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to provide information searching for health promotion, nutrition improvement, and health care of the impaired elderly by ADL(Activity of Daily Living) and IADL(Instrumental Activity of Daily Living). The subjects were divided into the Assistant Needed Group and No Assistant Needed Group for living in line with the responses of ADL(10 items like dressing, washing, move etc.) and IADL(10 items like housekeeping, using transportation, shopping, Phone call etc.). Survey was made for health behavior, health risk habit, dietary management status and diet intake by 24 hr-recall and questionnaire method. 242 subjects were collected in 12 cities or Gun districts in Gyeonggi Province, S. Korea. Survey was carried out by regional home extension workers using interview method. Statistical analyses were made using SAS (Version 8.1). Chi-Square Tests and General Linear Models. The subjects of impaired ADL elderly was 26.5% and it composed 30% of the total male and 22.2% of the total female. The demographic status of the impaired ADL elderly showed no difference from that of the normal elders, elementary school educated (73.4%), with spouse (43.8%) or with adult children(37.5%), using monthly living cost of 500-1,000 thousand won(35.9%). Mean age was 74.05 years compared to 72.25 years of normal elders. However, there was no significant difference from the normal and impaired ADL group, regular exercise(60.0%), with walking (90.0%), no-smoke(54.7%) and no-drink(48.4%). Kind of disease was not different from the one in impaired and normal group, with cardiovascular disease(32.3%), with diabetes mellitus(8.1%), joint lumbago neuralgia(32.3%) and osteoporosis(9.7%). Gastrointestinal complaints of the impaired ADL group were nausea(57.8%), chronic indigestion (23.4%), constipation (14,0%) and vomiting(3.7%). Sleeping time required for the impaired was longer than that for the normal group by 10hours(4.7%) or 8-10hours(20.3%), which consisted 1.7% and 16.6% respectively. Nutrient intake of the impaired ADL group was low compared to normal range elders: Energy(1260kca1), Protein(52.75g). There was gender difference in nutrient intake; the male impaired group showed no significant difference from the normal group but it was significantly lower in female impaired group. These results suggest that low quality of life and low economic status of the impaired ADL elderly require congregate meal in village hall to cover the lack of side dishe variety. And nutrition education program including community assistance would be required for the impaired ADL elderly together with the sufficient food and exercise practice. By operating nutrition education program, the impaired ADL elderly would maintain more enhanced quality of life and ameliorate the ADL capability.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.155-172
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to examine the relation between the later personality adjustment types and the elderly percepted conflict with their married children. The subjects for this study are the aged over 60 years in Seoul both having the eldest sons' couples and perceiving their own economics level as the middle-upper. The results based on this are as followed: 1) The Active Integrated Coper is appeared in the higher educational level group in the better health condition in the 11-30 thousand won of personal expense in the professional and management occupation and in the more vigorous for social activity. The Failing Overcoper the Dependent Passive Coper and the Self-negating Undercoper is appeared in th female elder group in the later group of the older age in the lower educational level in the worse health condition in the group without spouse in one without income in the below 10 thousand won in the less preparation for the later life. 2) The problems of emotion and iew of values bring about the conflicts between them and theirs rather than the financial problem. when they are in the worse health condition in the group without religion in the group not cohabiting their eldest sons' couples and in the group not well-prepared for their later life as the socio-demographic variables the old recognized the seriousness of the conflict with their eldest sons' couples. 3) The lower the Active Integrated Coper is and the higher the Failing Overcoper is the more intense the conflict between them and their eldest sons' couples is. 4) The t-test to examine the difference in the old's conflict with their eldest sons' couples among the later groups shows that it is in the less the Active Integrated Coper and in the more the Failing Overcoper that the conflict is more surfaced. 5) The educational level the level of the later life preparation the contact frequency with their daughter the level of their social activity as the socio-demographic variables and the Failing Overcoper as the later personality adjustment type answer for 22 percentage of the conflict.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between cognition, depression and leisure activity in elderly people above 65 years of age, and to improve their health and quality of life by providing baseline data for occupational therapy intervention. This investigation was performed on 118 elderly people above 65 years of age who lived in local community and two senior welfare centers. In order to collect the data, we used MMSE-K, KDS, Questionnaire for leisure activity. The depression of elderly people was negatively correlated with their cognition(p<.01) and leisure activity(p<.001), whereas cognition was positively correlated with their leisure activity(p<.01). In conclusion, the correlation between cognition, depression and leisure activity of elderly people appeared statistically significant. Therefore, leisure activity program should be designed through additional research and effectively provided in nursing home and community senior welfare center to prevent depression increase and cognitive decline.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.105-120
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• 2002

In the United States, the prospective payment system(PPS), under which diagnosis related groups (DRGs) are used to reimburse hospitals for the care of Medicare patients since 1983, Study results showed that the PPS is having a major impact on the quantity of services especially of hospital length of stay. The PPS has increased the likelihood that a patient will be discharged home in an unstable condition and the use of nursing homes or long term care facilities increased. Still, it is insufficient to conclude that the PPS has decreased the Medicare total expenditure, but relatively sufficient to conclude that the quality of care hasn't changed. The maintenance of the quality resulted from the systemic "check-and-balance" composed of three factors; (1) The doctors are reimbursed based on the fee-for-service system, (2) hospitals contact with doctors under the attending system, and (3) there are some public hospitals. In Korea, the reimbursement for hospitals and doctors are not divided, the hospitals have doctors as employees, and 90% of hospitals are private. These differences may weaken the "check-and-balance" existing in the U.S. system. And there are few long term care facilities and the diagnostic coding system using in pilot test are not suitable for Korean situation. In conclusion, for successful implementation of the DRG payment system in Korea, the government should establish the "check-and-balance" system in the health sector to make sure the quality of care before the implementation.