• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.110-118
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• 2018

Purpose: Reminiscence therapy is a widely used intervention for older adults and those with dementia. However, the attributes of the concept of reminiscence is not clearly proposed. The aim of this study was to clarify the concept of reminiscence in Korean older adults with dementia. Methods: The study applied the concept analysis method of Walker and Avant. The literature review included the previous studies of reminiscence from philosophy, literature, art, neuroscience, medicine, psychology, sociology, and nursing. Results: A total of 43 Korean or international papers were analyzed in this study. Attributes of reminiscence in Korean older adults with dementia were regeneration of memories, internal and external communications, expression of suppressed emotions, and recognition of ego identity. The suppressed emotions and ego identity may result from Korean cultural characteristics based on the suppressed environments of many wars and dictatorships in the past. The consequences of reminiscence in Korean older adults with dementia are cognitive enhancement, relief of depression, and improvements of social interactions, ego integrity, and quality of life. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the historical and cultural characteristics should be considered to develop effective nursing interventions including reminiscence for Korean older adults with dementia.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.105-117
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• 1997

The result of this paper runs as follows: 1. The theory of preclinic phase (=mibyung) was scientifically completed as one basic philosophy in "NAEKYUNG(內經)" and on influenced in the coming generations. Two principles for mibyung is to grow good energy and to avoid etiological cause. 2. So far oriental medicine has responded to already diseases, while to recognize the importance of mibyung is to convert it into preventive medicine which study and improve health. In spite of the opinion that no disease is health and no health is disease, the contrite of medical approch by the relative importance is necessary by understanding the steps of mibyung between health and disease with subdividing the steps of the occurance therefore, the scope of oriental medicine may be recognized from every disease to mibyung, that is, health. 3. Diagnosing and treating in the step of mibyung has more important meaning than suffering step because the checkup of mibyung means early examination and treatment. Mibyung can make an opportunity that improve scientific contradiction and defect of oriental medicine. However, scince the theory and practice lack the arrangement and study, much exertion and discussion is necessary.4. The diagnosis and cure in mibyung doesn't have many methods for treating, its index and standard isn't nified, and related theory is of small quantity. But the most prominent means of solution. with combination with other sciences and through the convertion into modem clinical examination, is to accomplish moderization, objectivity and indexation, etc. 5. The representive mibyungs are a hereditary disease, immune lack, mutation, early tumor, incubation of hepatitis and each infectious diseases, stress, etc. Since every science is the product of the times, it has the historical limits. As the times develop, the desire for good health is growing. Therefore we should consider above request in this times.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.109-131
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• 1994

This study developed and proposed a lesson plan for the area of “Human development and family relationship”in secondary home economics curriculum. In current educational practice in secondary home economics curriculum, the employed goal and the nature of home economics are neither stated specifically nor closely interrelated. This problem has led us not being able to achieve pursuing goal of home economics education and to employ appropriate teaching methods. In view of this situation, the purpose of this study was to propose a lesson plan reflecting the contents and teaching methods to overcome difficulties and inefficiency in the current practice of secondary home economics education. The theoretical background of the lesson plan was based on the Marjorie M. Brown’s philosophy of home economics which can be summerized as follows: 1. The goal of home economics is to help individuals and families to become autonomous in their own family life and to be more capable of interacting with others in behalf of well-being of the family and of social evolution toward a free society. 2. The characteristics of home economics is conceptualized as practical science and personal service profession. 3. the nature of problems which home economics should deal with is perennial and practial. 4. Practial reasoning composed of historical understanding, critical action, and reflective thinking is appropriate for the previously mentioned goal and characteristics of home economics and for dealing with perennial practial problems. The lesson plan was proposed for one of perennial problem, “How should we understand, create, and maintain our family culture\ulcorner”by employing practial reasoning and teaching models such as “role play”and “classroom meeting.”

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.6
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• pp.51-75
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• 2004

Is there a pattern in history? How and why does social change occur? Are we to distinguish between the methods to be employed in the study of man and the study of nature? How does linguistic, or 'philological', knowledge contribute to unearthing historical facts? These are the queries that Vico grappled with throughout his life. Vico, however, was an outsider to the intellectual atmosphere of his own day, dismissed as obscure, speculative, and unsound. Only after his death did he begin to inspire enthusiasm among diverse readers, and as long as we remain concerned with the queries mentioned above, Vico's reflections will come alive with contemporary relevance. Actually he has been regarded as the founder--unrecognized by his contemporaries--of the philosophy of history and as a thinker whose ideas anticipated such later intellectual movements as historicism, pragmatism, existentialism, and structuralism. There are many among modern minds who find Vico fascinating for his view of myth as concrete thought and of an age of myth as a necessary age in the intellectual evolution of the human race. James Joyce, for one, was deeply impressed by Vico's view on myth, on metaphor, on Homer, on language, on psychology, and much else besides. 'My imagination grows when I read Vico,' he once confessed, 'as it doesn't when I read Freud or Jung.' Some philosophers, critics, psychologists, social scientists and even geographers would describe themselves as 'Vichians', sharing the view that Vico was a poet and a lawyer, a platonist and a baconian rolled into one. His refusal to be confined within any one discipline, his imaginative effort to understand different cultures, and his insight in dealing with some fundamental problems in the study of humanity all compel admiration and deserve to be emulated in our age--an age when the split between the literary and the scientific approaches to the understanding of society is widening into a chasm. Vico has left some of his most important ideas underdeveloped or even undeveloped, to be excavated and polished by us afier our own fashion. It is surprising that Vico is still a man of obscure name in the academia of our country, Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.201-212
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• 2023

The inscription of Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido (天象列次分野之圖) has the sun's locations at the equinoxes, which must have been copied from the astronomical treatises in Chinese historical annals, Songshu (宋書) and Jinshu (晉書). According to the treatises, an astronomer Wang Fan (王蕃, 228-266 CE) referred those values from a calendrical system called Qianxiangli (乾象曆, 223 CE), from which it is confirmed that it adopted the sun's location at the winter solstice of the $(21{\frac{1}{4}})^{th}$ du of the 8th lunar lodge Dou (斗) as the reference direction for equatorial lodge angles. This indicates that the sun's locations at equinoxes and solstices in the calendrical system are the same as those in Jingchuli (景初曆, 237 CE). Hence, we propose that the sun's location at the autumnal equinox in Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido should be corrected from 'wu du shao ruo' (五度少弱), meaning the $(5{\frac{1}{6}})^{th}$ du, to 'wu du ruo' (五度弱), meaning the $(4{\frac{11}{12}})^{th}$ du, of the first lunar lodge Jiao (角), as seen in Jingchuli. We reconstruct the polar coordinate system used in circular star charts, assuming that the mean motion rule was applied and its reference direction was the sun's location at the winter solstice. Considering the precession, we determined the observational epoch of the sun's location at the winter solstice to be t_o = -18.3 ± 43.0 adopting the observational error of the so-called archaic determinatives (古度). It is noteworthy that the sun's locations at equinoxes inscribed in Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido originated from Houhan Sifenli (後漢 四分曆) of the Latter Han dynasty (85 CE), while the coordinate origin in the star chart is related to Taichuli (太初曆) of the Former Han dynasty (104 BCE).

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.9
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• pp.115-144
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• 1982

In ordinary modern wester expression 'the Renaissance' was used to denote the impact made by dead Hellenism civilization in western Christendom, particularly Italian literary and artistic movement at Northern and central Italy in the late medieval period. However, A.J. Toynbee examined the renaissance from the different aspect of view. In his great work "A Study of History" in vol. IX, he succeeded in establishing the theory of historic civilization encounters in space and in time; and in time, civilization of the present and the past or between dead and infant successor contacts on the analogy of parenthood and sonship in the relation of A n.0, pparentation-and-Affiliation. The distinguished his view of 'Renaissance' was illustrated in the sense of encounters between a grown-up civilization and the 'ghost' of its long-dead predecessor. The renaissances (by the process of evocation of ghost of its parent society) has not only one single aspect of literary and artistic field but also in politics, law, science and philosophy, languages and literatures and visual arts, and religion. The main theme of this study is to examine the development of libraries and its historical meaning through Toynbee's literary renaissance. His renaissance of Languages and Literatures has three typical steps: They are: 1st step-to restive the dead literature's remains: 2nd step-to remaster their meaning: 3rd step-to reproduce them in counterfeits... Through its first and second steps, collecting and editing, annotating by compiling an anthology, thesaurus, lexicon or encyclopedia, and in its third step publishing mostly imitation of classics took place. Toynbee depicted the five outstanding eminent representatives of literary renaissance who had a n.0, ppeared on the state of history down to the time of writing. They are: Assurbanipal, Constantine prophyrogenitus, Yung Lo, K'ang Hsi, and Ch'ien Lung and the last four had all been emperors of imperia rediviva. As the result of the examination of these five emperors with three steps of literary renaissance, the common result may be summarized as follows: 1. Those emperors of imperia rediviva interested in intellectual work and study, they also were deeply involved in collecting classics in an ostensible reason. 2. There were strong political intention of collecting materials as an a n.0, ppeasement policy of civilization by transferring scholars energies to an intellectual field. 3. Under the rulers of a resuscitated universal state, the literary renaissance were a product of political plane and that the total size of collection and work were huge. 4. Since there were strong exercise of sovereign power, an active censorship by distortion and elimination was inevitable. 5. There existed newly developed strained atmosphere between grown-up and long-dead parent civilization, whenever the book collection movement had occurred. 6. Over adhesion to the parent civilization caused imitation of classic work and the creative activities were stagnated.stagnated.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.17
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• pp.113-134
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• 2004

According to Hans Kippenberg, the foundation of an academic study of religions coincided with the beginnings of modernization. Since the second half of the nineteenth century most European countries were involved in a process of rapid social change. The repercussions that this had for daily life were momentous. Instead of working for their traditional needs, people now had to produce goods for a market. Old customs ceded to private contracts and political laws. The superior knowledge of science replaced the inherited worldview. This deep changed severed societies from their ties to the past. Many educated people in Europe believed in an imminent end of all religions. Had not the scientific progress superseded the religious worldview? Historians had to come to terms with that expectation when they directed their attention to historical religions. Friedrich Max Muller introduced a new science, so-called Religionswissenschaft through the study of the ancient Vedic sources. He thought that genuine religion was a taste for, and sense of, the infinite. From his point of view, the Indian sources confirm that nature is more than mechanical laws. Thus his interpretation sought to contradict the materialist ideology of his day. Edward Burnett Tylor described religions as a kind of natural philosophy. His notion of 'soul' functioned to explain natural events. This legacy of the past cannot be missed even in modern society. Only the concept of the soul may preserve human dignity in an age of materialism. Gerardus van der Leeuw, also tried to perform the same function of the cultural critique for the renewal of the religious imagination in modern, rationalized Europe imprisoned in the iron-cage. In this respect, we could think that the interpretations of the history of the History of Religions in the light of the intellectual history are very suggestive for the korean student of religion. It helps them to describe the early history of the study of religion in Korea. For example, Yi Neung Wha(李能和) is regarded as 'a father of korean religious studies, but no one could present a proper answer for the question of why and through which connection of his intellectual milieu he was interested in the religious history and the study of religion. We would discover its signification in his confrontation of the prevailing social thought, such as social evolutionism.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14
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• pp.121-138
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to develop a new architectural language and design strategies that would anticipate and incorporate new historical situations and new paradigms to understand the world. It consists of four sections as follows: First, it presents a new interpretation of space, human body, and movement that we find in modern art and tries to combine that new artistic insight with environmental design to provide a theoretical basis for performance-event architecture. Second, it conceives of architectural environment as a combination of space, movement, and probabilistic situations rather than a mere conglomeration of material. It also perceives the environment as a stage for performance and the act of designing as a performance. Third, in this context, man is conceived of as an organic system that responds to, interacts with, and adapts himself to his environment through self-regulation. By the same token, architecture should be a dynamic system that undergoes a constant transformation in its attempt to accommodate human actions and behaviors as he copes with the contemporary philosophy characterized by the principle of uncertainty, fast-changing society, and the new developments in technology. Fourth, the relativistic and organic view-point that constitutes the background for all this is radically different from the causalistic and mechanistic view that characterized the forms and functions of modernistic design. The present study places a great emphases on dematerialistic conception of environment and puts forth a disprogramming method that would accommodate interchangeability in the passage of time and the intertextuality of form and function. In the event, performance-event architecture is a strategy based on the systems world-view that would enable the recovery of man's autonomy and the reconception of his environment as an object of art.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.3 s.61
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• pp.117-128
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• 2005

The French Belle Epoque is a period where the literary and artistic movement was very activated. The birth of the cubism reflects this atmosphere of the times and the change of paradigm in all fields. The Bergsonism is often designated as one of the important backgrounds of cubism. The problem consists in knowing if Bergsonian ideas gave real influence on the cubist movement and up to what point. Our analysis will show that it is not homogenous and very variable according to painters. In the case of Picasso and Braques it seems be a simple inspiration of Zeitgeist. But the influence upon Metzinger and Gleizes is explicit. The text of 1912, Du cubism, prove their attachment to his thought. The key concept of cubist theory, influenced by Bergsonian philosophy, is the concept of simultaneity. Cubist simultaneity is in one hand a reflection of an artist's psychological experience and the other hand a synthesis of multiple views for grasping the object in itself by the way of conceptual representation. The temporal simultaneity could be identified with the notion of memory, which is a temporal continuity connecting the past to dynamic present. The spatial simultaneity is a juxtaposition of multiple views obtained by the movement around the object. But the dose reading of Bergson's text shows that there is a divergence between the notion of cubist simultaneity and his ideas. The biased interpretation is often, as well as the strict understanding, like the history shows us well, a great source of inspiration and creativity. The cubist mouvement is not far from this case.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.10
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• pp.161-181
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• 2006

The words which appeared in my theoretical study and work are image transformation to digital painting, simulation, heterologie and transfiguration, etc. Firstly, let's look into 'digital era' or 'new media era'. Nowadays, the image world including painting within the rapid social and cultural change, which is called as digital era, is having the dramatic change. Together with the development of scientific technology, large number of events which was deemed to be impossible is happening as real in image world Moreover, these changes in image world is greatly influencing to our life. The word which compresses this change of image world and shows is 'digital'. Digit, which means fingers in Latin, indicates separately changing signal, and to be more narrow, it indicates the continual signal of '0' and ' 1' in computer. The opposite word is 'analogue'. As analogue is the word meaning 'infer' or 'similarity', it indicates the signal or form which continuously changes along the series of time when it is compared to digital. Instead of analogue, digital is embossed as a major ruler along the whole area of our current culture. In whole culture and art area, and in whole generalscience, digital is appearing as it has the modernism and importance. The prefix, 'digital', e.g. digital media, digital culture, digital design, digital philosophy, etc, is treated as the synonym of modernism and something new. This advent of digital results the innovative change to the image world, creates the new beauty experience which we could not experience before, and forecasts the formation of advanced art and expansion of creative area. Various intellectual activities using computer is developing the whole world with making the infrastructure. Computer in painting work immediately accomplishes the idea of painters, takes part in simulation work, contingency such as abrupt reversal, extraction, twisting, shaking, obscureness, overlapping, etc, and timing to stimulate the creativity of painters, and provides digital formative language which enables new visual experience to the audience. When the change of digital era, the image appeared in my work is shown in 'transfiguration' like drawing. The word, 'transfiguration' does not indicate the completed and fixed real substance but indicate endlessly moving and floating shape. Thus, this concept is opposite to the substantial consideration, so that various concepts which is able to replace this in accordance with the similar cases are also exist such as change, deterioration, mutation, deformity of appearance and morphing which is frequently used in computer as a technical word. These concepts are not clearly classified, and variably and complicatedly related. Transfiguration basically means the denial of "objectivity' and '(continual) stagnation' or deviation from those. This phenomenon is appeared through the all art schools of art ever since the realism is denied in the 19th century. It is called as 'deformation' in case of expressionism, futurism, cubism, etc, in the beginning of the century, which its former indication is mostly preserved within the process of structural deviation and which has the realistic limit which should be preserved. On the contrary, dramatic transfiguration which has been showing in the modern era through surrealism is different in the point that dramatic transfiguration tends to show the deterioration and deviation rather than the preservation of indicated object. From this point, transfiguration coming out from morphing using computer deteriorates and hides the reality and furthermore, it replaces the 'reality'. Moreover, transfiguration is closely approached to the world of fake or 'imaginary' simulation world of Baudrillard. According to Baudrillard, the image hides and deteriorates the reality, and furthermore, expresses 'not existing' to 'imaginary' under the name of transfiguration. Certain reality, that is, image which is absent from the reality is created and overflowed, so that it finally replaces the reality. This is simulation as it is said by Baudrillard. In turn, Georges Bataille discusses about the image which is produced by digital technology in terms of heterologie. Image of heterologie is the visual signal which is established with the media. Image of media is to have the continuous characteristics of produce, extinction, and transformation, and its clear boundary between images becomes meaningless. The meaning of composition, excess, violation, etc of digital image is explained to heterological study or heteologie suggested as important meaning of Georges Bataille who is a heretic philosopher. As the form and image of mutation shows the shape in accordance with mechanical production, heterologie is introduced as very low materialism (or bas materialisme), in this theory. Heterologie as low materialism which is gradually changing is developing as a different concept and analysis because of the change of time in the late 20s century beside high or low meaning. Including my image, all images non-standardizes and transforms the code. However, reappearance and non-standardization of this code does not seem to be simple. The problem of transformation caused by transfiguration which appears in my digital drawing painting, simulation, heterologie, etc, are the continual problems. Moreover, the subject such as existence of human being, distance from the real life, politics and social problems are being extended to actual research and various expressing work. Especially, individual image world is established by digital painting transfiguration technique, and its change and review start to have the durability. The consciousness of observers who look at the image is changing the subject. Together with theoretical research, researchers are to establish the first step to approach to various image change of digital era painting through transfiguration technique using our realistic and historical image.