• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.301-305
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• 2012

The odontoma is a hamartoma of odontogenic origin and consists of enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp tissue. Two types of odonotma are histologically recognized: complex and compound. Odontoma may be the cause of noneruptoin or impaction of teeth, formation of cyst and resorption of adjacent bone. The recommended treatment for an odontoma is conservative surgical excision. No propensity for recurrence has been noted. Peripheral odontoma is relatively rare lesion and shows the histological characteristics of an intraosseous odontoma. This report described a 3-year-old Korean girl with a firm gingival mass in the posterior mandibular area, which had been gradually enlarging over 18months. Radiographic examination showed a radiopaque mass but no evidence of underlying intraosseous lesion. Excisional biopsy was performed for the mass removal and histopathological examination. The result of histopathological study was identified as hamartous supernumerary tooth germ. Based on the clinical presentation, radiographic and histopathologic findings, we concluded that the final diagnosis was peripheral odontoma. For three years after surgery, there is no clinical sign of recurrence.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.650-657
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• 2011

The object of this study was to obtain acute information (single oral dose toxicity) of Taraxaci Herba (Dried total parts of Taraxacum platycarpum. H.Dahlstedt (Compositae)), has been traditionally used in Korean medicine for treating various inflammatory diseases. In order to observe the 50% lethal dose (LD 50), approximate lethal dosage (ALD) and target organs, test articles were once orally administered to female and male ICR mice at dose levels of 2,000, 1,000, 500 mg/kg according to the recommendation of Korea Food and Drug Administration Guidelines. The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored during 14 days after single oral treatment of Taraxaci Herba aqueous extracts according to KFDA Guidelines with organ weights and histopathological observations of 12 types of principle organs. After single oral treatment of Taraxaci Herba aqueous extracts, we could not find any mortality and toxicological evidences up to 2,000 mg/kg treated group, the limited dosages in rodents at body and organ weights, clinical signs, gross and histopathological observations. Except for slight soft feces, which were detected in male mice treated with 2,000 mg/kg of Taraxaci Herba aqueous extracts at 1 day after end of treatment. The results obtained in this study suggest that the LD 50 and ALD of Taraxaci Herba aqueous extracts in both female and male mice after single oral treatment were considered as over 2,000 mg/kg because no mortalities were detected up to 2000 mg/kg that was the highest dose recommended by KFDA and OECD. However, it also observed that the possibility of digestive disorders, like diarrhea when administered over 2,000 mg/kg of Taraxaci Herba aqueous extracts in the present study, but these possibilities of digestive disorders can be disregard in clinical use because they ate transient in the highest dosages male only.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

Objectives : Present study investigated hepatoprotective effects of four types of Taraxaci Herba water extract (TL-F, Taraxaci Herba leaf originated from foreign country; TR-F, Taraxaci Herba root originated from foreign country; TL-K, Taraxaci Herba leaf originated from Korea; TR-K, Taraxaci Herba root originated from Korea) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced acute liver injury. Methods : Mice were administered orally with 200 mg/kg of TL-F, TR-F, TL-K, or TR-K for seven days, and intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 mL/kg of CCl₄ 1 h after last Taraxaci Herba treatment. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was used as a positive drug. Body weight gain, relative liver weight, serum biochemistry, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses, and hepatic antioxidant capacity were determined to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of four extracts. Results : Administration of four types of Taraxaci Herba extract increased body weight gain, and decreased relative liver weight in CCl₄-injected mice. As compared to CCl₄ group, TL-F and TR-F significantly decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase activity, while four extracts reduced CCl₄-induced alanine aminotransferase activity. In addition, TL-F and TR-F significantly decreased the numbers of degenerated hepatocytes, infiltrated inflammatory cells, cleaved caspase-3 positive cells, and cleaved PARP positive cells in hepatic tissues. Moreover, TL-F, TR-F, and TR-K administration reduced the lipid peroxidation and nitrotyrosine, and increased glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities in hepatic tissues. There were no statistical differences between TL-F- and silymarin-treated group. Conclusion : Of four extracts tested, present results suggest that TL-F is the most favorable candidate against CCl₄-induced acute liver injury through enhancing antioxidant activity.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.426-430
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• 2019

Currently, molecular diagnostic assays based on nucleic acid amplification tests have been shown to effectively detect mycobacterial infections in various types of specimen, however, variable sensitivity was shown in FFPE samples according to the kind of commercial kit used. The present study therefore used automated PCR-reverse blot hybridization assay (REBA) system, REBA Myco-ID HybREAD 480^®, for the rapid identification of Mycobacterium species in various types of human tissue and compared the conventional one-tube nested-PCR assay for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). In conventional nested-PCR tests, 25 samples (48%) were MTB positive and 27 samples (52%) were negative. In contrast, when conducted PCR-REBA assay, 11 samples (21%) were MTB positive, 20 samples (39%) were NTM positive, 8 samples (15%) were MTB-NTM double positive, and 13 samples (25%) were negative. To determine the accuracy and reliability of the two molecular diagnostic tests, the one-tube nested-PCR and PCR-REBA assays, were compared with histopathological diagnosis in discordant samples. When conducted nested-PCR assay, 10 samples (59%) were MTB positive and seven samples (41%) were negative. In contrast, when conducted PCR-REBA test, three samples (17%) were MTB positive, 10 samples (59%) were NTM positive and four samples (24%) were negative. In conclusion, the automated PCR-REBA system proved useful to identify Mycobacterium species more rapidly and with higher sensitivity and specificity than the conventional molecular assay, one-tube nested-PCR; it might therefore be the most suitable tool for identifying Mycobacterium species in various types of human tissue for precise and accurate diagnosis of mycobacterial infection.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.384-391
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• 2007

This study was conducted to clarify the effects of the Korean raisin (Hovenia dulcis Thunb) extracts and polyherbal extracts consisted of 6 types herbal extracts including HDT (HDTmix) on $CCl_4$ induced organ damages. Extracts were prepared by autoclave ($121^{\circ}C$, 15 psi, 3 hours) and filtered with nylon cloth and filter paper then freezing dried. Male Sprague-Dawley rats $(200^{\circ}{\ae}20g)$ were used as experimental groups, which were divided into 5 groups; intact control group (100 mg/kg), $CCl_4$ dosing group (100 mg/kg), $CCl_4$ dosing after HDT extract dosing group (100 mg/kg), $CCl_4$ dosing after HDTmix dosing group (100 mg/kg), Silymarin dosing group (5 mg/kg) after all test articles were orally dosed once a day for 28 days. They were sacrifiled under ether anesthesia. HDT extracts and HDTmix dramatically inhibits the $CCl_4$ intoxicated hepato/nephropathies with immuno-suppress changes on the spleen. They showed more dramatical protective effects on most of specific organs compared to that of Silymarin 5 mg/kg except for hepatoprotective effects in which, quite similar effects were detected. In addition, HDT extracts showed synergic effects with other types of herbal extracts because HDTmix showed more favorable protective effects on the all specific organs showing $CCl_4-related$ histopathological changes compared to HDT extracts.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.457-459
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• 2002

Sunlight causes various types of adverse skin changes on the sun-exposed areas of the skin, in which the most hazardous one is the induction of malignant skin tumours. FT -IR spectra were obtained from specimens excised from normal skin, BCCs, SCCs, MMs, nevi, lesions of solar keratosis and Bowen's disease. Tissue samples from freshly frozen specimens were cut into 2 sections in strictly sequential order to be stained with H & E for histopathological analysis, and then to be air-dried on CaF$_2$ slide glasses for further spectral data acquisition from defined area of interest. Intra- and inter-sample variations were estimated within grouped lesion categories according to each skin component. Mean spectra for each type of tissue pathology in the 800-1800 $cm^{-1}$ / region was interpreted using the classical group frequency approach that showed the most visible differences in spectra of benign, premalignant and malignant changes directly related to protein conformation and nucleic acid bases. The relative intensity of the nucleic acid peak was increased with progression to malignancy. In addition, PCA was able to evaluate and maximise the differences in the spectra by reducing the number of variables characterizing each patient and pathology category. This type of approach to non-destructively estimate the complexity of IR-spectra of inhomogeneous samples such as skin demonstrates the advantage of FT -IR microspectroscopy to be able to observe diseased states (benign, premalignant, malignant) and distinguish them from normal against a huge background of inter- and intra-subject variability.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.397-402
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• 2009

Kombucha tea(KT) is sugared black tea fermented with a symbiotic culture of acetic acid bacteria and yeasts, which is said to be tea fungus. KT is claimed to have various beneficial effects on human health, but there is very little scientific evidence available in the literature. In the present study, KT along with black tea(BT) and black tea manufactured with tea fungus enzymes(enzyme-processed tea, ET) were evaluated for hepatoprotective and curative properties against $CCl_4$-induced toxicity, using male albino rats as an experimental model by analyzing aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase in plasma and malondialdehyde content in plasma and liver tissues. Histopathological analysis of liver tissue was also included. Results showed that BT, ET, and KT have the potential to revert the $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity. Among the three types of teas tried, KT was found to be more efficient than BT and ET. Antioxidant molecules produced during the fermentation period could be the reason for the efficient hepatoprotective and curative properties of KT against $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 1987

For evaluation on the histopathologic studies and age distribution of the testicular tumors in the Taegu area, the inguinal orchiectomized materials were collected at the Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, and the analyzed results were as follows : 1. In total of 11 cases of orchiectomized materials, germ cell tumors are 10 cases (90.9%). In germ cell tumors according to the histologic types, seminoma was 5 cases (45.5%), and embryonal carcinoma, 3 (27.2%). 2. The highest age incidence of the group is 20th and 30th, and the next, 50th and 10th.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.367-386
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• 2012

Objectives : The object of this study was to observe the effects of Gamioryung-san (GOS), which consists of 22 types of herbs, on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy rats. Methods : Three different dosages of GOS were orally administered once a day for 28 days from 3 weeks after STZ treatment. Six groups, each of 8 rats per group were used. Changes on the body weights, blood glucose levels, serum BUN and creatinine levels, urine volumes, and UAER were observed with changes on the kidney malondialdehyde contents and glutathione, dismutase and catalase contents. In addition, histopathology of kidney, pancreas, thymus and spleen were observed. The results were compared with antioxidant silymarin 100 mg/kg, of which the effects on STZ -induced diabetes and related complications are already confirmed. Results : As a result of treatment of GOS 800, 400 or 200 mg/kg for 28 days, STZ-induced decreases of body weights, hyperglycemia, atrophic changes of pancreatic islets with decreases of insulin-immunoreactive cells and decreases of glucagon -immunoreactive cells were inhibited dose-dependently. Increases in kidney weight, serum BUN and creatinine levels, urine volumes, UAER, vasodilated atrophic glomerulus and abnormal tubules were inhibited dose-dependently. Also increases of kidney MDA contents and decreases of GSH contents, SOD and CAT activities, decreases of thymus and spleen weights, and atrophic changes at histopathological observation were also inhibited. The effects of GOS 400 mg/kg showed similar effects to silymarin 100 mg/kg. Conclusions : These results suggest that 400 mg/kg of GOS retarded the STZ-induced diabetic nephropathies as similarly to silymarin 100 mg/kg, through modulations of oxidative stress and immune systems.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4393-4402
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• 2012

Colon cancer is the third most common malignant neoplasm in the world and it remains an important cause of death, especially in western countries. The toxic environmental pollutant, 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), is also a colon-specific carcinogen. Tannic acid (TA) is reported to be effective against various types of chemically induced toxicity and also carcinogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated the chemopreventive efficacy of TA against DMH induced colon toxicity in a rat model. Efficacy of TA against the colon toxicity was evaluated in terms of biochemical estimation of antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, histopathological changes and expression of early molecular markers of inflammation and tumor promotion. DMH treatment induced oxidative stress enzymes (p<0.001) and an early inflammatory and tumor promotion response in the colons of Wistar rats. TA treatment prevented deteriorative effects induced by DMH through a protective mechanism that involved reduction of oxidative stress as well as COX-2, i-NOS, PCNA protein expression levels and TNF-${\alpha}$ (p<0.001) release. It could be concluded from our results that TA markedly protects against chemically induced colon toxicity and acts plausibly by virtue of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities.