• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2004

Jeju native sorghum was grown at six spot seeding rates (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) from April 3 to september 6, 2000 in Jeju island to determine influence of number of seeds per hill in dibbling on agronomic characters, forage yield and qualities. Days to heading was increased as number of seeds per hill was increased. Plant height with three seeds per hill (206.7 cm) was the longest, while with six seeds per hill (175.2 cm) was the shortest. Fresh forage, dry matter and crude protein yield and total digestible nutrient (TDN) were the greatest at the three seeds per hill (48.1, 10.1, 0.9, 5.1 MT/ha). Crude protein, crude fat and nitrogen-tree extract (NFE) increased with the number of seeds per hill increased but crude fiber and crude ash decreased.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.23
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was carried out to determine the optimum sowing date and days after sowing (DAS) in automatic facility located at Uiseong of Gyeoungbuk province. The seedling height was rapidly increased with a delay of sowing time from April to May. The 10-day old seedlings with suitable plant height (> l0cm) for machine transplanting in the facility were obtained when the seeds sowed after May 20 at Uiseong in Gyeoungbuk province. The dry weight-height ratio of 10-day old seedlings was significantly decreased when the seeds sowed after June 20, and 15-days old seedlings did after May 10. No. of panicles/hill was reduced with increasing of days after seeding. But there were no significant difference among other yield components such as no. of grains/panicle, ratio of ripened grains, and 1,000 grain weight. The highest grain yield, 748kg/10a, was attained from the 10-day old seedlings transplanted at May 27 in comparision with those of 15-day and 20-day old seedlings. The grain yield of 10-day old seedlings transplanted at June 26 was also higher than that of 15-day old seedlings.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.275-280
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: The present study was conducted to find out the suitable method for organic rice production on the basis of different seedling raising methods at nine eco-friendly agricultural units of Samgi, Mangsung, Iksan and Sungsan, Gusan of Jeollabuk-do, during 2009-10. METHODS AND RESULTS: On the basis of yield and physiological parameters, pot seeding method was found to be superior to drill seeding and broadcast seeding methods. The number of panicle, grain, the precent of ripened grains, and the 1,000 grain weight, were better in pot seeding method. Maximum yield and other attributes were recorded in rice, cultivated with seedlings raised by pot and broadcast seeding method. Number of panicle/hill and grain/panicle was 10.4% and 35.1% higher than the broadcast seeding method, respectively. Yield also showed 8.8% increase in pot seeding method as compare to broadcast seeding method. Higher grain yield was obtained when 56 hills/$3.3m^2$ of rice seedlings were used as compare to 50 hills/$3.3m^2$ raised by pot seeding method and 70 hills/$3.3m^2$ of broadcast seeding method. Lodging was minimum in seedlings raised with pot seeding method as thickness of third internode was more (9.0%) than the seedlings, raised with broadcast seeding method. Root length and dry weight also showed similar tendency i.e. 13.8% and 25.3% higher, respectively. CONCLUSION(s): Quality and grade of rice, cultivated with pot seeding method was better than broadcast seeding method. Head rice was 4.4% higher; and protein content and broken rice grown by pot seeding method were 0.4% and 1.8% lower than broadcast seeding method, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.307-311
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate effect of plants number per hill (PNH) on growth and yield of sorghum in drained paddy field for 2 years. Crop growth and development and yield in the field was examined to know the efficiency of proposed cropping system. At seeding after 40 days, leaf number and stem diameter were highest at 1 PNH plot, on the other hands, plant height was at 5 PNH plot the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$, respectively. The harvest stage, 5 PNH plot was highest culm length of 183, 188 cm the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$, however, culm diameter was lowest. Culm length of sorghum was highest by 183, 188 cm at 5 PNH plot also, culm diameter was thickest by 19.18, 20.13 mm at 1 PNH, respectively. Yield components of ear length, seed number per ear and 1000-seed weight were highest at 1 PNH the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$, respectively. As yield of sorghum was highest at 2 PNH plot $344kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$, $382kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$ yearly, respectively that it were in order of 1 PNH plot > 3 PNH plot > 4 PNH plot > 5 PNH plot.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.309-315
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• 1999

Rice seedling test was conducted to check the loging tolerance at ripening stage through evaluating the root characters. Thirteen Korean and foreign rice cultivars with direct seeding adaptable or high quality characteristics were grown in a cell pot and under submerged paddy. The root characters and pushing resistance of rice hill were determined at seedling and ripening stage, respectively. The diameter of crown root at the 7th and 8th leaf stages was thicker in lodging tolerance cultivars than those of others and showed significant-positive correlation with both pushing resistance and crown root diameter of mature plants. Also, the tensile strength of crown root at the 7th and 8th leaf stage showed highly positive correlation with the tensile strength of crown root of mature plants. The number of crown root at 7th leaf stage was significant-positively correlated with that of mature plant. The diameter of seminal root was not significantly correlated with the diameter of crown root throughout the whole growth stage. These results indicate that the diameter, tensile strength and number of crown root associated with root lodging tolerance can be detected with the seedling at about 7th or 8th leaf stage, and the seedling test using the cell pot is an useful and practical method to select lodging tolerant cultivars or lines of rice based on root characters, especially diameter of crown root.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.144-145
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• 2004

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 2015

The experiment was conducted to evaluate rice growth and yield as affected by different coating and covering materials such as a iron, silicate, iron and silicate mixture of rice seeds in farmer's rice growing field. The tiller number was 36.7 at iron-coated seeds, 32.8 at silicate-covered seeds, 30.3 at iron and silicate mixture coated seeds and 30.2 at untreated control in 44days after seeding. The seedling height was 38.2cm of iron and silicate mixture, 37.7cm of untreated control, 36cm of iron-coated and 35.7cm of silicate covered seeds in 43days after seeding. At 75days after seeding rice tiller number was 153 of iron-coated seeds, 152 of silicate-covered seeds, 147 of untreated seeds and 141 of iron and silicate mixture-coated seeds and also there were different plant height growth of 87.4cm in silicate-covered seeds, 85.7cm in iron and silicate mixture, 85.4cm in untreated control and 83.0cm in iron-coated seeds. The panicle length was of 21.0cm in iron and silicate mixture coated seeds, 20.8cm in silicate covered seeds, 20.7cm in untreated control seeds and 20.6cm in iron-coated seeds. The panicle number was 464 at iron-coated seeds, 404 at untreated control seeds, 427 at silicate-covered seeds and 412 at iron and silicate mixture coated seeds. The spikelet number per m² was of 32,503 in iron-coated seeds, 31,813 in silicate-covered seeds, 29,646 in untreated control, 28,896 in iron and silicate mixture coated seeds. The ripened ratio of rice grain was of 94.5% at iron-coated seeds, 93.9% at iron and silicate mixture coated seeds, 93.6% at silicate covered seeds and 93.2% at untreated control seeds. The rice yield was of 591kg/10a at iron-coated seeds, 580kg/10a at silicate-covered seeds, 571kg/10a at iron and silicate mixture-coated seeds and 539kg/10a at untreated control.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.100-108
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• 2002

This experiment was carried out to investigate the cultivation condition of soil salinity, manure and to find out the cultivation capability of Salicornia herbacea. The optimal growth condition of soil salinity was between 1% and 4%. The growth of groups for fertilization was significantly better than control group. Salicornia herbacea grew very up from 7 kg/l0a to 9 kg/l0a for N, 12 kg/l0a for P and the K-fertilizer group was better than control group but there was not significantly different among the conditions of K-concentration. The germination was good from $0{\textperthousand}\;to\;5{\textperthousand}$ for salinity, from $20^{\circ}C\;to\;30^{\circ}C$ for temperature. On the experiment cultivation, the production by hill seeding was $5.40{\sim}5.90 kg/m^2$ and was significantly higher than the yield by broadcast sowing which was $4.01{\sim}4.20 kg/m^2$. The production by hill seeding was 2.7 times than natural production and the production by broadcast sowing 1.9 times.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2016

This research was conducted to determine a pre-germinated herbicides with iron-coated seeds in water and wet hill seeded rice. Days of rice seedling emergence was the faster germination at the application of benzobicyclon > oxadiazon > thiobencarb > butachlor and the sealed iron-coated seeds with pre-germinated seeds> pre-germinated seeds> iron-coated seeds with pre-soaking. The seedling establishment was relatively high in untreated control and benzobicyclon among seed treatments by 63.7% and 75.7%. There was 100% seeds killed of pre-germinated seeds in terms of herbicide phytotoxicity and sealed iron-coated seeds with pre-germinated seeds in butachlor but benzobicyclon was of safe with 2% rice seeds killed. Infant rice seedling height was of 9.2-12.9cm in benzobicyclon and 11.9-16.3cm in untreated control and thus there was relatively normal development and growth at the initial rice seedling.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.300-307
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• 2015

In order to develop optimum paddy-upland rotation system, we evaluated the 1st and the 2nd upland growth and yield characteristics of foxtail millet, proso millet, sorghum rotated from paddy field and rice rotated from upland in paddy-upland rotation. Average number of ears per hill was 3.3 in the 2nd upland cultivation. The value was greater by 1 ear as compared to 1st upland cultivation (2.2 ears per hill). In average yield per 10a, the 2nd upland cultivation showed 220.3 kg, 23% increased yield compared to the 1st upland cultivation (179 kg per 10a). In average number of ears per hill, the 2nd upland cultivation showed 8.3 ears, increased 4 ears compared to the 1st upland cultivation (4.2 ears per hill). In average yield per 10a, the 2nd upland cultivation showed 152.8 kg, 16.8% increased yield compared to the 1st upland cultivation (130.8 kg per 10a). In average days from seeding to heading of 5 sorghum varieties, there were no significant difference between the 1st (68.6 days) and the 2nd (67.4 days) upland cultivation rotated from paddy field. In the average number of grains per ears, the 2nd upland cultivation showed 2,931.6 grains per ear, 12% increased compared to the 1st upland cultivation (2,619.6 grains per ears). Average yield per 10a of sorghum in the 2nd upland cultivation showed 242.3 kg, 4.6% increased compared to the 1st upland cultivation (231.7 kg per 10a). In growth and yield characteristics of rice in paddy-upland rotation, culm length in paddy-upland-paddy plot showed 82.9 cm, 7.3 cm longer compared to the continuous rice paddy field (75.6 cm). Ear length was also 1 cm longer than that of the continuous rice paddy field. In average number of ears per hill, paddy-upland-paddy plot showed 25.0 ears, 4.3 ears more than that of the continuous rice paddy field (20.7 ears per hill). In average yield of rice per 10a, the paddy-upland-paddy rotation plot showed 526.8 kg, 9.8% higher yield compared to the continuous rice paddy field (479.9 kg per 10a).