• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.95-109
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• 2018

Since the concept was first introduced in the 1970s, transit-oriented-development (TOD) has greatly expanded in East Asian cities such as Hong Kong. Rail stations are built together with clusters of residential-commercial towers and government services to form a new style of living - a "rail village." This paper examines the composition, scale, spatial form, organization and operation of several typical rail villages in Hong Kong. The cases range across those planned from the mid-1990s to 2015. Based on the analysis of the rail village composition, the paper derives a development ratio to indicate the density, effectiveness and efficiency of a rail village catchment area. The ratio provides a useful and direct figure for the comparison of different stations, cities and development modes.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.563-571
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• 2021

Recently, due to the increase in high-rise apartment and residential-commercial complex buildings, a number of mega-class mass concrete members with a thickness of 3m or more have been designed. As the construction of mass concrete such as transfer beam and slab is increasing not only in foundation members but also in special structures, research on reducing temperature cracks in mass concrete is being conducted. To review temperature cracks in mass concrete, it is important to review the thermal properties of concrete, but it is difficult to use an adiabatic temperature rise tester in the field, so the semi-adiabatic temperature rise test is mainly used. In this study, to improve the accuracy of the results of concrete heat characteristics gained by the semi-adiabatic temperature rise test, various factors affecting heat loss compensation and methods were reviewed and presented.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2010

In urban area, inversion layer prevents air pollutants from being dispersed. To determine nocturnal inversion characteristics at SookMyung Girls' High School near high-rise residential commercial complex buildings in Seoul, air temperature and humidity data were observed at 10minute interval from December 1st, 2007 to May 2nd, 2008. Temperature-Humidity (T-H) sensors were installed at SMG (SookMyung_Ground) and SMR (SookMyung_Roof), and then these two data were compared, analyzed and examined to illustrate air temperature differences of SMG and SMR. After the analysis, the maximum nocturnal inversion was observed by $3.3^{\circ}C$ at 18:10 on December 26th 2007, at that time the weather condition was clear and weak wind. Nocturnal inversions began 2-3 hours before sunset and it reached maximum inversion just after sunset and continued through nighttime until sunrise or 1-2 hours after sunrise. In terms of seasonal variation nocturnal inversions occurred dominantly in March and April rather than winter season.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.209-212
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• 2005

Recently, since structures have become extremely airtight with the development of high-rise apartments, mixed use residential and commercial buildings and offices, large capacity range hoods have become commonly implemented. However, the high noise level caused by this range hood system made of thin plate is the cause of increased complaints among users. In this study, the level of noise emitted from this type of range hood was measured by height at the user's location in the kitchen. It was confirmed that a great deal of noise was emitted in the downward direction of the hood. In order to minimize the noise emitted from this type of range hood, a new type of fan was manufactured. This was done by changing only the material and shape of the fan, since it was determined to be the primary source of noise emission. Then a comparison and evaluation were carried out regarding the noise characteristics between the new type of fan and the existing type of fan. As a result, it was confirmed that the noise from the new fan was reduced by more than 2 dB compared to the existing fan without noise interference at the discharge end.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.12-22
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• 2012

In Seoul, skyscrapers are built in commercial zones known as residential-commercial complexes, which cause such environmental problems as urban heat islands(UHI) and air pollution. To investigate air temperature differences in areas near skyscrapers at Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea, fixed air temperature observation and traverse observations were performed from March 16, 2008 to March 15, 2009. The annual mean air temperature at Tower Palace(TPL) was higher than that at Sookmyung Girls' High School(SMG) by $0.7^{\circ}C$, although the distance between the two observation positions is only 200m. The number of tropical nights at TPL was 13, while that at SMG was 5. The higher air temperature at TPL was due to a significantly lower sky view factor(SVF), which prevented long-wave radiation from emitting into the sky. The highest air temperature increases near TPL occurred on summer nights because of the high-electricity consumption value of $70.22Wh/m^2$ for the TPL block in August due to air conditioning for cooling. It is concluded that the warm air pocket centered on TPL.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.16-29
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to evaluate air ventilation using wind patterns of MetPhoMod program at nighttime focused on Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do. Evaluation indices of air ventilation are wind resistant and retention used by results of each wind speed and diversity. The results are as follows. Vulnerable areas of air ventilation are Bonglim-dong, Bansong-dong, Yongji-dong and so on. In high-rise apartment, commercial area and single residential area of Yongji-dong, Sangnam-dong and Sapa-dong, wind is stagnated by high buildings. Therefore, these areas should construct urban spaces to circulate the wind. And to inflow persistingly the fresh wind generated in a rural area, we think that the construction of wind corridor is suggested by development plan and policy wind corridor.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2011

High-rise buildings have recently increased over the residential, commercial and office facilities, thus an understanding of construction cost for high-rise building projects has been a fundamental issue due to enormous construction cost as well as unpredictable market conditions and fluctuations in the rate of inflation by long-term construction periods of high-rise projects. Especially, recent violent fluctuations of construction material prices add to problems in construction cost forecasting. This research, therefore, develops a time-series model with the Box-Jenkins methodologies and material prices time-series data in Korea in order to forecast future trends of unit prices of required materials. BIM (Building Information Modeling) approaches are also used to analyze injection time of construction resources and to conduct quantity takeoff so that total material price can be forecasted. Comparative analysis of Predictability of tentative ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) models was conducted to determine optimal time-series model for forecasting future price trends. Proposed BIM based time series forecasting model can help to deal with sudden changes in economic conditions by estimating future material prices.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.53-62
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• 2019

A recent trend shows that more buildings are being constructed as mixed-use (residential and commercial) properties for efficient land use. This has led to an increased frequency in the occurrence of fires and the associated potential risks. In particular, in case of high-rise apartments, at least one of the elevators in each building is installed for evacuation purposes separately from the emergency elevator; therefore, for a combined ancillary room and emergency elevator platform situation, the structure is inevitably in series with the evacuation elevator platform. Thus, a proposal for a new type of ventilation zone based on existing national fire safety codes is required to achieve smoke control performance. To this end, the air egress velocity and differential pressure of each ventilation zone are checked using the "CONTAM" software; further, an alternative is proposed to secure smoke control performance for series structures.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.55-61
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• 2009

Recently, the number of high-rise buildings being built in Korea by major construction companies for residential and commercial use has been increasing. When constructing a high-rise building, it is necessary to apply massive amounts of concrete to form a mat foundation that can withstand the huge load of the upper structure. However, it is of increasing concern that due to limitations in terms of the amount of placing equipment, available job-sites and systems for mass concrete placement in the construction field, it is not always possible to place a great quantity of concrete simultaneously in a large-scale mat foundation, and for this reason consistency between placement lift cannot be secured. In addition, a mat foundation Is likely to crack due to the stress caused by differences inhydration heat generation time. To derive a solution for these problems, this study provides test results of a hydration heat crack reduction method by applying placement lift change and setting time control with a super retarding agent for mass concrete in a large-scale mat foundation. Mock-up specimens with different mixtures and placement liftswere prepared at the job-site of a newly-constructed high-rise building. The test results show that slump flow of concrete before and after adding the super retarding agent somewhat Increases as the target retarding time gets longer, while the air content shows no great difference. The setting time was observed to be retarded as the target retarding time gets longer. As the target retarding time gets longer, compressive strength appears to be decreased at an early stage, but as time goes by, compressive strength gets higher, and the compressive strength at 28 days becomes equal or higher to that of plain concrete without a super retarding agent. For the effect of placement lift change and super retarding agent on the reduction of hydration heat, the application of 2 and 4 placement lifts and a super retarding agent makes it possible to secure consistency and reduce temperature difference between placement lifts, while also extending the time to reach peak temperature. This implies that the possibility of thermal crack induced by hydration heat is reduced. The best results are shown in the case of applying 4 placement lifts.