• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.13-28
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• 2016

Objectives To investigate anti-obesity effects of Galgeun-tang, an herbal formula, in high fat diet induced obese mice model. Methods 24 Male C57Bl/6J mice were randomly assigned to normal group fed with normal research diet (NOR, n=6), high fat diet control group treated with water (HFD, n=6), high fat diet group treated with Orlistat (ORL, n=6, Orlistat 10 mg/kg), and high fat diet group treated with Galgeun-tang (GGT, n=6, Galgeun-tang 700 mg/kg). 12 weeks later, body weight, fat weight, liver weight, blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, ALT, AST, obesity related neuropeptides and adipokines, ratio of gut microbiota, and histopathology of liver were evaluated. Results In the GGT group, 1. body weight gain, liver weight gain, and total fat weight gain were significantly less than those in the HFD group. 2. blood glucose level was significantly lower and insulin level was significantly higher than in the HFD group. 3. total cholesterol level and triglyceride (TG) level were significantly lower and high density lipoprotein (HDL) level was significantly higher than in the HFD group. 4. appetite-promoting ARC neuropeptides such as Agrp and Npy were significantly less and appetite-inhibiting ARC neuropeptide, Cart was significantly more than in the HFD group in qRT-PCR analysis. 5. adiponectin level and visfatin level were significantly higher, and resistin level and leptin level was significantly lower than in the HFD group. 6. the relative level of Bacteroidetes was significantly higher, and the relative level of Firmicutes was significantly lower than in the HFD group. 7. the increase of adipose tissue was significantly more inhibited than in the HFD group. Conclusions The present study showed that Glageun-tang exerts anti-obesity effects in that it. 1. inhibited the increase in body weight, liver weight, and total fat weight. 2. decreased the level of TG, and increased the level of HDL. 3. influenced neuropeptides and adipokines that are important in regulating food intake and changes of body weight. 4. modified the beneficial quantitative changes in gut microbiota suppressing the tendency toward obesity.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2010

본 시험은 목초액이 토종닭 한협 3호의 생산성, 유해 가스 발생량, 혈액 성상 그리고 가슴육의 지방산 함량에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 토종닭 사료에 수준별로 첨가하여 70일 동안 급여하였다. 목초액은 0, 0.1, 0.2% 수준으로 첨가 급여하였고, 처리구당 5반복, 반복당 16수씩 총 240수를 시험에 이용하였다. 시험 결과, 목초액은 생산성에 있어서 큰 영향을 미치지 못하였으나, 암모니아 가스 발생량은 대조구에 비하여 유의하게 감소시켰다(p<0.05). 혈중 total cholesterol과 HDL-cholesterol 농도에 있어서는 목초액 처리구가 대조구에 비하여 유의하게 증가한 반면 triglyceride의 농도는 감소하였다(p<0.05). 가슴육의 포화지방산인 myristic acid와 stearic acid는 목초액을 급여함에 따라 대조구에 비하여 유의적으로 감소하였으나, 불포화지방산인 oleic acid와 linolenic acid는 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 따라서 본 연구 결과, 목초액은 유해 가스 저감 효과가 있으며, 토종닭의 혈중 지질 수준을 개선시키고, 가슴육의 포화지방산 함량을 감소시키고 단쇄 불포화지방산의 함량은 증가시키는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.281-291
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• 2019

본 연구는 TMF 및 배합사료 급여방법의 차이가 거세한우의 사양성적 및 도체 특성에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 수행되었다. 공시동물은 거세한우 24두(166.3±34.4kg)를 이용하였으며, 시험구배치는 육성기부터 비육후기까지 배합사료와 볏짚을 급여하는 대조구, 육성기부터 비육전기까지 TMF를 급여하고 비육후기에는 배합 사료와 볏짚을 급여하는 T1 및 육성기부터 비육후기까지 TMF를 급여하는 T2의 3처리로 하였다. 일당증체량 및 건물섭취량은 처리구간 차이는 없었으며, 혈중 cholesterol 및 HDL-cholesterol 농도는 대조구에 T2에서 증가되는 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). TMF 및 배합사료의 급여방법이 거세한우의 육량등급 및 육질등급에 미치는 영양은 없었으며, 등심의 명도는 대조구 및 T2구에 비해 T1구에서 증가되는 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). PUFA 비율은 대조구에 비해 T2에서 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, TMF 및 배합사료의 급여 방법은 거세한우의 성장과 도체등급에 미치는 영향 없이 등심의 육색 및 지방산 조성에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 향후 공시두수 및 사료 배합비 등에 따른 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2005

Objectives : We conducted this study to examine the association between serum GGT levels within the normal range and the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases Methods : We examined the cross-sectional association between serum GGT and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLcholesterol), and uric acid among 975 subjects that participated in the health examination of a university hospital located in Daegu city. All the patients' GGT levels were within the normal range. Results : After adjustment were made for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, drinking frequency, exercise frequency and coffee intake, the serum GGT level was positively associated with fasting blood glucose (p<0.01), total cholesterol (p<0.01), and triglyceride (p<0.01) in men, and it was positively associated with fasting blood glucose (p<0.01), total cholesterol (p<0.05), triglyceride (p<0.01), and uric acid (p<0.01) in women. The associations were not significantly different depending on the status of alcohol drinking or obesity, except for the associations of serum GGT with diastolic blood pressure (P for interaction=0.04) and uric acid (P for interaction=0.04) between the lean and obese subjects. Conclusions : Serum GGT levels within the normal range were positively associated with fasting blood glucose, triglyceride and uric acid in most subgroups irrespective of the drinking or obesity status. These results suggest that GGT has important clinical implications as being more than just a marker of alcohol consumption and hepatobiliary disease.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.574-582
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• 1998

This study was carried out to discover the effects of eating habits and health-related life style on blood pressure, $\gamma$-Glutamic acid Peptide Transferase($\gamma$-GPT), blood glucose and High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol(HDL-C). 185 subjects(85 male, 100 female) were selected, who were living in the Cheonju area aged 40#s to 60#s. The mean systollic blood pressure(SBP), diastollic blood pressure (DBP), $\gamma$-GPT, fasting blood sugar(FBS) and HDL-C for all the subjects were 118mmHg, 77mmHg, 281U/l, 90mg/dl and 45mg/dl, respectively. The SBP and DBP for subuects over 60 years old were 126mmHg and 81mmHg and were significantly higher than subjects in their 40#s and 50#s(p<0.001, p<0.005). The HDL-C of the group that rarely ate breakfast was 57mg/dl and that was significantly higher than the 44mg/dl scored by those who ate breakfast everyday(p<0.05). The SBP for subjects having a snack 2-3 times/week was 125mmHg and that was significantly higher than the 114mmHg of those having a snack everyday(p<0.05). The $\gamma$-GPT for subjects consuming alcohol everyday was 44IU/L and that was significantly higher than 18IU/I of the non-drinking group(p<0.001). The $\gamma$-GPT of light smokers was 53IU/I and that was significantly higher than the 22IU/I for non-smoking participants(p<0.001). The DBP, SBP, $\gamma$-GPT, FBS and HDL-C related to exercise not significantly different. The SBP(p<0.001) and DBP(p-0.01) between age group was positively correlated. The $\gamma$-GPT between drinking frequency(p<0.001), drinking quantity(p<0.05), and smoking(p<0.05) was also positively correlated. The FBS between exercises had a negative correlation(p<0.05), and the HDL-C between breakfast had a negative correlation(p<0.05). These results indicate that decreasing drinking and smoking, when combined with appropriate exercise, will decrease the $\gamma$-GPT and fasting blood sugar level, and help preventing adult diseases.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.231-236
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 자귀결명자추출혼합물 첨가사료의 혈청 콜레스테롤 저하효과를 확인하기 위하여 3주령된 SD계 수컷흰쥐를 실험군당 12마리씩 배치하여 10주 동안 동물실험을 수행하였다. 흰쥐용 사료(AIN-93G diet, 조지방 함량 7%)를 기본식이로 하여 돈지와 콜레스테롤을 각각 중량비로 7%, 1% 첨가하여 총지방함량이 15%가 되도록 고지방식이를 제조하였다. 흰쥐에게 실험 1기 (first phase) 5주 동안 고지방식이(high-fat diet)를 급여하여 고지혈증을 유발시켰다. 실험 2기(second phase)에는 고지방식이군을 대조군으로 하고, 자귀결명자추출혼합물 분말을 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10% 첨가군으로 하여 5주 동안 급여하였다. 자귀결명자추출혼합물 첨가사료(1.0, 2.5, 5.0%)는 고지방식이를 급여한 흰쥐의 배변량을 유의하게 증가시켰고, 체지방중 EFP 무게는 시료 첨가군(10%)에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 혈청 지질중 총콜레스테롤 농도는 시료첨가군(5.0, 10%)이 유의하게 낮았고, HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 시료 첨가군(1.0%)이 가장 높았다. 중성지방농도는 고지방식이 대조군에 비해 시료 첨가군(2.5% 5.0, 10%)에서 낮은 경향인 것으로 나타났다. 간조직의 효소활성에서 G6PDH 활성은 고지방식이 대조군보다 모든 시료 첨가군에서 유의하게 감소한(p<0.05), 반면 malic enzyme 활성은 고지방식이 대조군에 비하여 시료 첨가군(1.0, 10%)이 유의하게 감소하였다. 이 결과들을 종합해보면, 고지혈증 흰쥐에서의 자귀결명자추출혼합물 분말은 전반적인 지질대사 개선에 긍정적인 효과를 나타냄으로써 앞으로 고콜레스테롤혈증 예방 등의 혈관 순환기 계통 질병을 예방하기 위한 식품으로서의 활용이 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1736-1741
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of forage: concentrate ratio (F:C) on growth performance, ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites of housing-feeding yaks. Thirty-two Maiwa male yaks (initial body weight = $207.99{\pm}3.31kg$) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (8 yaks per treatment). Experimental diets were: A, B, C, D which contained 70:30, 60:40, 50:50 and 40:60 F:C ratios, respectively. Dry matter intake and average daily gain in yaks fed the C and D diets were greater (p<0.05) than yaks fed the A and B diets. No differences were found in ruminal $NH_3-N$, total volatile fatty acids, acetate, butyrate, valerate, and isovalerate concentrations. The propionate concentration was increased (p<0.05) in the C and D groups compared with the A and B diets. In contrast, the acetate to propionate ratio was decreased and was lowest (p<0.05) in the C group relative to the A and B diets, but was similar with the D group. For blood metabolites, no differences were found in serum concentrations of urea-N, albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase (p>0.05) among treatments. Treatment C had a higher concentration of total protein and high density lipoprotein (p<0.05) than A and B groups. In addition, there was a trend that the globulin concentration of A group was lower than other treatments (p = 0.079). Results from this study suggest that increasing the level of concentrate from 30% to 50% exerted a positive effect on growth performance, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in yaks.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.133-145
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• 2014

Objective : In this study, the addition of dried pomegranate concentrate powder (PCP) was affected the anti-climacterium activity of red clover dry extracts (RC) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Materials and methods : After bilateral OVX surgery, RC 40 mg/kg, PCP 20 mg/kg and RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) 120, 60 and 30 mg/kg (of body weight) were orally administered, once a day for 84 days, and then the changes on the serum estradiol levels, abdominal fat pad and uterus weights were observed for estrogenic effects. In addition, liver weights, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were also evaluated for hepatoprotective effects, and serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride (TG) levels were monitored for hypolipidemic effects. Results : As a result of OVX, the estrogen-deficient climacterium symptoms, increments of abdominal fat pad weights, serum AST, ALT, TC, LDL and TG levels with decrease of uterus and liver weights, serum estradiol levels, were demonstrated. However, these estrogen-deficient climacterium symptoms induced by bilateral OVX in rats were significantly inhibited by continuous oral treatment of RC 40 mg/kg, PCP 20 mg/kg and RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) 120, 60 and 30 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusion : The results suggested that RC:PCP 2:1 mixtures synergistically increased the anti-climacterium effects of RC in OVX rats. It, therefore, is expected that RC:PCP 2:1 mixture will be promising as a new potent protective agents for relieving the climacterium symptoms.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.136-144
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• 2017

본 연구는 기체조 운동중재가 여성고령자의 혈당, 혈중지질, 체력(SFT) 변화에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 이를 통해 여성고령자들의 건강증진 활동을 위한 기체조 운동중재의 효용성을 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 80세 이상 여성고령자 총 24명을 각각 기체조집단(n=12)과 통제집단(n=12)으로 나누고, 24주간 주5회 1일 60분씩 프로그램을 실시하였다. 자료의 분석은 SPSS WIN 20.0으로 반복측정 변량분석(Repeated Measures ANOVA)을 실시하였으며, 그 결과 첫째, 혈당은 기체조집단이 통제집단 보다 유의하게 낮아진 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 혈중지질은 기체조집단이 통제집단 보다 중성지방(TG)이 유의하게 감소되었으며, 총콜레스테롤(TC), 고밀도지단백(HDL-C), 저밀도지단백(LDL-C)은 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 셋째, 체력(SFT)은 기체조집단이 통제집단 보다 하지근력, 하지유연성, 전신지구력 모두 유의하게 높아진 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 기체조는 여성고령자들의 혈당, 중성지방(TG) 감소와 SFT체력(하지근력, 하지유연성, 전신지구력) 향상에 영향을 미쳐 여성고령자 운동처방 프로그램으로의 효용성을 기대할 수 있다고 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2008

The fyn-related kinase (FRK) belongs to the tyrosine kinase family of protein kinases. Recent studies have shown that Frk affects pancreatic beta cell number during embryogenesis and promotes beta cell cytotoxic signals in response to streptozotocin. To investigate the genetic association between FRK polymorphisms and the risk of obesity in Korean population, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FRK gene region were selected and analyzed. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and biochemical data (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A1C, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, and low density lipoprotein) of blood sample from each subject were also measured. One hundred fifty five healthy control and 204 overweight/obesity subjects were recruited. Genotype frequencies of six SNPs [rs6568920 (+8391G>A), rs3756772 (+56780A>G), rs3798234 (+75687C>T), rs9384970 (+68506G>A), rs1933739 (+72978G>A), and rs9400883 (+75809A>G)] in the FRK gene were determined by Affymetrix Targeted Genotyping Chip data. According to the classification of Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, control (BMI 18 to < 23) and overweight/obesity (BMI$\geq$23) subjects were recruited. For the analysis of genetic data, EM algorithm, SNPStats, Haploview, HapAnalyzer, SNPAnalyzer, and Helixtree programs were used. Multiple logistic regression analysis (codominant, dominant, and recessive models) was performed. Age and gender as covariates were adjusted. For biochemical data, Student's t test was used. The mean value of BMI in the control and overweigh/obesity groups was 21.1${\pm}$1.2 (mean${\pm}$SD) and 25.6${\pm}$2.0, respectively. All biochemical data of the overweight/obesity group were statistically significance, compared with the control group. Among six SNPs, two linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks were discovered. One block consisted of rs1933739 and rs9400883, and the other comprised rs3756772 and rs3798234. One SNP (rs9384970, +68506G>A) showed an association with overweight/obesity in the codominant model (p=0.03). Interestingly, the AA genotype distribution in the overweight/obesity group (n=7, 3.5%) was higher than those in the control group (n=1, 0.6%), which is not found in either Japanese or Chinese subjects. Therefore, the AA genotype of rs9384970 may be a risk factor for development of obesity in Korean population. The results suggest that FRK may be associated with overweight/obesity in Korean population.