• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2008

Process of the hydroxyapatite (HA) formation on bioactive titanium metal prepared by NaOH treatment in a modified-simulated body fluid (mSBF) containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscope attached with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The amorphous titanate, which was formed on titanium surface by NaOH treatment, combined with the calcium ions in the liquid to form an amorphous calcium titanite. With increasing of soaking time in the liquid, an amorphous calcium titanite combined with the phosphate ions to form an amorphous calcium phosphate with low Ca/P atomic ratio, and it grows as aggregates of plate (or needle)-like substance on titanium surface. The crystalline apatite layers, which are needle-shaped with the c axis parallel to the long axis, are formed in an amorphous calcium phosphate with further increase in soaking time. The formation of needle-shaped apatite layers can be explained by electrostatic effects and difference of concentration between calcium, phosphate, and albumin ions.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.485-490
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• 1997

Gluten peptide was produced from corn gluten by enzymatic hydrolysis. This peptide had an ability to increased the solubility of calcium owing to protect calcium ions from forming precipitates of calcium phosphate in the presence of phosphate ions. The solubility of calcium was increased 5.2 times in the presence of 8.3 mg peptide produced by the treatment of papain. These peptides contained high acidic amino acids and fractionated by Delta pack column into fractions No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3. Among them the fraction No. 3 had the highest calcium binding capacity.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.287-298
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to examine the effect of salting in 10% salt solution added 2% calcium chloride on the kimchi fermentation. The addition of calcium chloride extended edible periods of the Kimchi to 4~5 days and increased relatively the hardness of Chinese Cabbage. In the addition of calcium chloride, the activities of amylase and $\beta$ -galactosidase were not high during all periods fermentation. Polygalacturonase and protease activities were low 2~21%, 2~26% all periods fermentation, respectively. There were significant correlations between the delay of ripeness and decreasing enzyme activation. The amount of free amino acid by the treatment with calcium chloride was decreased of 10~16% at the late of fermentation than that of control. the treatment with calcium chloride of the Kimchi was increased hardness, but decreased cohesiveness and gumminess was during all periods fermentation. the adhesiveness was increased at the early of fermentation but decreased at the late of fermentation.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2010

The milk product is one of the major foods which provide calcium for nutritional requirement. In addition to calcium, it supplies diverse nutrients including protein, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, and vitamin $B_2$. Adequate calcium intake throughout lifetime ensures optimum bone density and prevents osteoporosis in old age by reducing loss of bone mineral during growth and aging. The nutritional deficiency of calcium intake and spreading of osteoporosis in Korean population accentuated necessity of adequate calcium intake through milk consumption. Obstruction of milk consumption due to lactose intolerance should be overcome by educational programs for adequate milk consumption and low-lactose milk product developments. Consumption of milk products was reported to prevent high blood pressure in clinical studies and epidemiological investigations. As the feeding of milk increased, the body weight and fat of animal decreased in animal studies. The epidemiological investigations revealed that there was a negative correlation between the amount of milk consumption and the body fat. When calcium was provided as dietary supplement in the clinical trials, the body weight and body fat of subjects decreased. When calcium was particularly supplied as a part of milk, the body weight reduction rate was augmented. Calcium, vitamin D, and conjugated linoleic acid have been reported to exert a role in reducing cancer. The paramount importance of milk in nutrition as a source of calcium and other invaluable nutrients emphasizes consistent supply of milk products to adults as well as adolescents by dairy industry.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 1991

To investigate further whether the effects of the dihydropyridine (DHP) drugs on calcium channels are related to those of these drugs on muscarinic receptors, the binding characteristics of the DHP calcium channel agonist, Bay K 8644, on muscarinic receptors and calcium channels were compared to those of the DHP calcium channel antagonists, nicardipine and nimodipine in the dog cardiac sarcolemma. Bay K 8644, nicardipine and nimodipine inhibited the specific $[^3H]$QNB binding with $K_i$ values of 16.7\mu{M}$, 3.5\mu{M}$ and 15.5\mu{M}$ respectively. Saturation data of $[^3H]$QNB binding with $K_i$ VALUES OF 16.7\mu{M}$ 3.5\mu{M}$ and 15.5\mu{M}$ respectively. Saturation data of $[^3H]$QNB binding in the presence of these DHP drugs showed this inhibition to be competitive. Bay K 8644, like nicardipine and nimodipine, blocked the binding of $[^3H]$nitrendipine to the high affinity DHP binding sites, but atropine did not, indicating that the muscarinic receptors and the DHP binding sites m but atropine did not, indicating that the muscarinic receptors and the DHP bindings sites on calcium channels are distinct. The $K_i$ value of Bay K 8644 for the DHP binding sites was 4nM. Nicardipine and nimodipine $(K_i:0.1-0.2\;nM)$ were at least 20 times more potent than Bay K 8644 in inhibiting $[^3H]$ nitrendipine binding. Thus, the muscarinic receptors were about 4000 times less sensitive than thes high afinity DHP binding sites to Bay K 8644. These results suggest that the DHP calcium agonist Bay K 8644 binds directly to the muscarinic receptors but its interaction with the muscarinic receptors is not related to its binding to the DHP binding sites on calcium channels.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.351-356
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• 1999

The present study was aimed at investigating whether the calcium current in the vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells is altered in renal hypertension. Two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension were made in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats without clipping the renal artery or implanting DOCA were used as control for 2K1C and DOCA-salt hypertension, respectively. Four weeks after clipping, systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in 2K1C rats than in control $(192{\pm}24\;and\;119{\pm}4$ mmHg, respectively, n=16 each). DOCA-salt rats also showed a higher blood pressure $(180{\pm}15$ mmHg, n=18) compared with control $(121{\pm}6$ mmHg, n=14). VSM cells were enzymatically and mechanically isolated from basilar arteries. Single relaxed VSM cells measured $5{\sim}10\;{\mu}m$ in width and $70{\sim}150\;{\mu}m$ in length were obtained. VSM cells could not be differentiated in size and shape between hypertensive and normotensive rats under light microscopy. High-threshold (L-type) calcium currents were recorded using whole-cell patch clamp technique. The amplitude of the current recorded from VSM cells was larger in 2K1C hypertension than in control. Neither the voltage-dependence of the calcium current nor the cell capacitance was significantly affected by 2K1C hypertension. By contrast, the amplitude of the calcium current was not altered in DOCA-salt hypertension. These results suggest that high-threshold calcium current of the VSM cells is altered in 2K1C hypertension, and that calcium channel may not be involved in calcium recruitment of VSM in DOCA-salt hypertension.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.223-223
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• 2004

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1006-1015
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary calcium-salt, estrogen-treatment, and estrogen/calcium treatment on calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen metabolism. Female Sprague-Dawley rats with a body weight of 250~280g were underwent ovariectomy or sham-operation. The ovariectomized rats were divided into 9 different experimental groups including the saline-treated group, the estrogen-treated group, the high calcium salt-treated group, and the estrogen/calcium treated groups and fed for 6 weeks. Each group daily intake and excretion of calcium, phosphorus and nitrogen were measured and apparent digestibility and balance were also studied. The results were as follows: The excretion level of winn calcium was significantly higher the ovariectomized rats than the sham-operation group(p<0.01) and reduced with estrogen treatment but this difference was not statistically significant. Fecal loss of calcium was higher the ovariectomized rats than the sham-operation group(p<0.001). When the estrogen was treated, fecal loss was decreased and then apparent digestibility of calcium was increased. Calcium balance was significantly higher the high calcium treated groups than the control diet groups. The excretion level of urinary Phosphorus was higher the ovariectomized rats than sham-operation group, while these showed to be decreased in the calcium salt, the estrogen and the estrogen/calcium treated groups(p<0.01). Fecal loss of phosphrous was higher in the ovariectomized rats. When the estrogen was treated, the fecal loss was decreased in the avariectomized rat than that of other groups. The excretion level of urinary nitrogen was higher the ovariectomized rats than the sham-operation, while these showed to be decreased in the estrogen, the estrogen/calcium, and the estrogen gradually reduction/calcium intensification. Fecal loss of nitrogen was decreased in tile estrogen treated group. The results in this study showed that high calcium, estrogen/calcium and estrogen gradually reduction/calcium intensification in the ovariectomized rats enhanced calcium balance compared to the ovariectomized rats without calcium treatment, but little effects on the phosphorus and nitrogen balance.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.228-238
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• 2007

Calcium plays an important role for the organisms' physiology, reproduction, and growth. Calcium amount and transfer efficiency along trophic levels were compared at two different geological areas, Limestone area (LS) and Granitic Gneiss area (GG) in 1992 and 1993. Biomass and calcium amount of plants, herbivores and carnivores were seasonally measured. The removal sweeping net method was used to collect the quantitative insect samples. Calcium content (mgCa $g^{-1}$ DM) and pH of soil were 4.85 and 7.3 at LS and 0.21 and 7.3 at GG. The calcium transfer efficiencies (%) at LS and CG were 0.2 and 4.2 from soil to plants, 0.002 and 0.02 from plants to herbivores, and 73 and 47 from herbivores to carnivores, respectively. As a whole, the high calcium content of the LS soil reduced the utilization of calcium by plants. The higher trophical levels were, the higher ecological efficiency of the biological levels was. The calcium transfer amount was higher at LS, but its efficiency was rather higher at GG.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.530-538
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Calcium is important but deficient in diets of young adult women. This study aimed to examine if cognitive factors and eating behaviors differ according to calcium intake based on the Social Cognitive Theory. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Subjects were female college students in Seoul, Korea. Three hundred students completed the questionnaire regarding calcium intake, nutrition knowledge, outcome expectations, self-efficacy and eating behaviors. Data on 240 students were analyzed using t-test or ${\chi}^2$-test. Subjects were categorized into two groups, high calcium intake (HC, ${\geq}650mg/day$) and low calcium intake (LC, < 650 mg/day), according to recommended intakes of calcium for women aged 19-29 years. RESULTS: The LC group constituted 77.9% of total subjects. Nutrition knowledge was not different according to calcium intake. Three out of 12 outcome expectations items were significantly different between the HC and LC groups. Subjects in the HC group agreed more strongly with the practical benefits of consuming calcium-rich foods, including 'taste' (P < 0.01) and 'going well with other snacks' (P < 0.05), compared to those in the LC group. Negative expectations of 'indigestion' were stronger in the LC group than HC group (P < 0.001). Among self-efficacy items, perceived ability of 'eating dairy foods for snacks' (P < 0.001), 'eating dairy foods every day' (P < 0.01), and 'eating calcium-rich side dishes at meals' (P < 0.05) differed significantly between the HC and LC groups. Eating behaviors including more frequent consumption of dairy foods, fruits or fruit juice (P < 0.001), anchovy, seaweeds, green vegetables, protein-rich foods (P < 0.05), and less frequent consumption of sweets or soft drinks (P < 0.01) were significantly related to calcium intake. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that outcome expectations, self-efficacy in consuming calcium-rich foods, and eating behaviors are important in explaining calcium intake. Nutrition education needs to address practical benefits, reduce negative expectations of calcium-rich foods, increase self-efficacy, and modify eating behaviors contributing to calcium intake.