• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.133-144
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• 1999

To fine seam annealer capacity of through thickness seam annealing in terms of through thickness microstructure change with increased toughness and elongation leaving heat trace on it, high strength steel pipes of ERW with different thickness were tested in different seam annealing temperature measured on the outer surface of pipes. Annealing temperature and microstructure of the weld seam were changed through applied seam annealing condition. Toughness and tensile test with hardness and microstructure analysis were done on the annealed weld seam to fine its characteristics as a primary step and annealing characteristics according to different seam annealing condition. Through a study of annealed ERW weld seam characteristics and seam annealing technology, amount of electric power should apply in decreased manner to arranged inductors of annealer in the order of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, so on for proper seam annealing. For example of 15.4mm thick and 610mm outside diameter pipe, applied power for proper seam annealing is 600 -650kw at 1st inductor, 450 - 500kw at 2nd inductor, 200-250 kw at 3rd inductor of annealer during 10 - 12M/minute moving speed of pipe. Also, the penetration depth of heat trace along the thickness direction of weld during seam annealing can be estimated through the equation 17mm/kv$\times$voltage(kv) with the microstructure and hardness analysis of thick weld seam as well as study of seam annealing and comparison of cooling condition to CCT diagram of low carbon high strength steel. From this result, the difference between the technological applicability of full annealing condition based on phase diagram and full penetration of heat trace based on CCT diagram along the thickness of weld seam is discussed.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.223-226
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• 2008

The comparison of sintering behavior and mechanical properties of ultra-fine WC-10wt.%Co and WC-10wt.%Fe hard materials produced by high-frequency induction heated sintering (HFIHS) was accomplished using ultra fine powder of WC and binders(Co, Fe). The advantage of this process allows very quick densification to near theoretical density and prohibition of grain growth in nano-structured materials. Highly dense WC-10Co and WC-10Fe with a relative density of up to 99% could be obtained with simultaneous application of 60 MPa pressure and induced current within 1 minute without significant change in grain size. The hardness and fracture toughness of the dense WC-10Co and WC-10Fe composites produced by HFIHS were investigated.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.424-431
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• 2022

3Y-TZP ceramics obtained by doping 3 mol.% of Y₂O₃ to ZrO₂ to stabilize the phase transition are widely used in the engineering ceramic industry due to their excellent mechanical properties such as high strength, fracture toughness, and wear resistance. An additional increase in mechanical properties is possible by manufacturing a composite in which a high-hardness material such as oxide or carbide is added to the 3Y-TZP matrix. In this study, composite powder was prepared by dispersing a designated percentage of WC in the 3Y-TZP matrix, and the results were compared after manufacturing the composite using the different processes of spark plasma sintering and HP. The difference between the densification behavior and porosity with the process mechanism was investigated. The correlation between the process conditions and phase formation was examined based on the crystalline phase formation behavior. Changes to the microstructure according to the process conditions were compared using field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The toughness-strengthening mechanism of the composite with densification and phase formation was also investigated.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2023

This study explores a new energy partitioning approach to determine the fracture toughness of 3-D printed pristine/recycled high density polyethylene (HDPE) blends employing the essential work of fracture (EWF) concept. The traditional EWF approach conducts a uniaxial tensile test with double-edge notched tensile (DENT) specimens and measures the total energy defined by the area under a load-displacement curve until failure. The approach assumes that the entire total energy contributes to the fracture process only. This assumption is generally true for extruded polymers that fracture occurs in a material body. In contrast to the traditional extrusion manufacturing process, the current 3-D printing technique employs fused deposition modeling (FDM) that produces layer-by-layer structured specimens. This type of specimen tends to include separation energy even after the complete failure of specimens when the fracture test is conducted. The separation is not relevant to the fracture process, and the raw experimental data are likely to possess random variation or noise during fracture testing. Therefore, the current EWF approach may not be suitable for the fracture characterization of 3-D printed specimens. This paper proposed a new energy partitioning approach to exclude the irrelevant energy of the specimens caused by their intrinsic structural issues. The approach determined the energy partitioning location based on experimental data and observations. Results prove that the new approach provided more consistent results with a higher coefficient of correlation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2006.05b
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• pp.549-552
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• 2006

Generally the ultra-high strength steel reinforced concrete has rich mix composition composed of high-strength type mineral admixtures and as a result of very low water-binder ratio(about under w/b=25%), it reveals ultra-high compressive strength(about over 100Mpa). Also, in order to obtain sufficient toughness after construction, we usually mix a large quantity steel fiber with ultra-high strength steel reinforced concrete therefore we must use proper mixer for workability. When we make the ultra-high strength steel reinforced concrete we need more long mixing time or much super-plasticizer than when we manufacture normal concrete. These bring about economical problems and performance deterioration. Therefore, in this study, in order to manufacture easily ultra-high strength steel reinforced concrete we develope a dedicated mixer for ultra-high strength steel reinforced concrete with high speed type. It carried out the examination for comparison between the dedicated and general type mixer, the analysis and counterplan of the point at issue when we manufacture ultra-high strength steel reinforced concrete by the dedicated mixer.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.229-236
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• 2015

This paper describes the effect of aggregate size on compressive behavior of high-strength steel fiber reinforced concrete. The Specified compression strength is 60 MPa and the range of fiber volume fraction is 0~2%. The main variable is the aggregate size, which was used for the aggregate size of 8 and 20 mm. So, ten concrete mixtures were prepared and tested to evaluate the fresh and hardened properties of SFRC at curing ages (7, 14, 28, 56 and 91 days), respectively. Items estimated in this study are the fresh properties (air contents, slump), hardened properties (compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, post-peak response and compressive toughness). As a result, the aggregate size has little effect on the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity. On the other hand, the ductile behavior was shown after post peak and the compressive toughness was increasing as decreasing the aggregate size. These effects are clearly represented in the fiber volume fraction 2%, which are the point appeared fiber ball. It is considered that the decreasing the aggregate size has effect on the fiber dispersibility.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.783-792
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• 2008

While the recent high demand for mega-tall buildings has led to the development of high-performance and high-strength steels, the requirements for architectural-structure-performance steel have been raised as engineers recognize the potential damage that an earthquake can wreak on a tall building. A 600MPa-class steel has emerged to meet such need, and many studies are currently exploring its practical applications on civil engineering works and mega-tall buildings. The available data on the horizontal-force behaviors of structures built with such new steel, however, are still insufficient. There is an urgent need to look into its design data, especially its toughness, and to compare the plastic strain ratios of column-to-beam connections using high-strength steel and regular steel. One of the first studies on the behavior of a column-to-beam connection using 600MPa-class steel (SM570 TMC), this thesis analyzes such steel's structural performance by conducting a structural test on seismic resistance on a full-scale column-to-beam welded connection with non-scallop and recommended-scallop details. Compared with the previous studies on SM490, this thesis evaluates the weldability of SM570 TMC and presents the latter's seismic design data for use in testing its practical application.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.154-160
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• 2002

Powder metallurgy(P/M) process has been used for the production of high performance high-speed steels. P/M high speed steel has more uniform and fine microstructure than those of conventional wrought products. Therefore, it offers distinct advantages over conventional tool steels. The superior uniformity of composition and fine microstrucure lead to excellent toughness and less distortion during heat treatment, which in turn can reduce total grinding costs and provides other benefits, such as uniform hardness and increased tool life. From these reasons, milling, hole machining, broaching, and gear manufacturing tools are major applications of P/M high-speed steels. In this research, we evaluated tool wear of flat endmill which is made of P/M high-speed steel from the view point of cutting tool performance.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.309-324
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• 2024

Internal curing, a widely used method for mitigating early-age shrinkage in concrete, also offers notable advantages for concrete durability. This paper explores the potential of internal curing by partial replacement of sand with fine lightweight aggregate for enhancing the behavior of high-performance concrete at elevated temperatures. Such a technique may prove economical and safe for the construction of skyscrapers, where explosive spalling of high-performance concrete in fire is a potential hazard. To reach this aim, the physico-mechanical features of internally cured high-strength concrete specimens, including mass loss, compressive strength, strain at peak stress, modulus of elasticity, stress-strain curve, toughness, and flexural strength, were investigated under different temperature exposures; and to predict some of these mechanical properties, a number of equations were proposed. Based on the experimental results, an advanced stress-strain model was proposed for internally cured high-performance concrete at different temperature levels, the results of which agreed well with the test data. It was observed that the replacement of 10% of sand with pre-wetted fine lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) not only did not reduce the compressive strength at ambient temperature, but also prevented explosive spalling and could retain 20% of its ambient compressive strength after heating up to 800℃. It was then concluded that internal curing is an excellent method to enhance the performance of high-strength concrete at elevated temperatures.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.957-962
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• 2009

Sialon was produced by hot-pressing the mixtures of $Si_3N_4$, AlN and $Y_2O_3$ powders. All fracture tests were performed on a three-point loading system with a 30 mm bending span. Fracture toughness and Vickers hardness of smooth specimen were average 7.05 $MPa{\cdot}m^{0.5}$ and Hv = 1580, respectively. Density of three kinds of specimens, smooth specimen, smooth and healed specimen, smooth with $SiO_2$ colloidal coating and healed specimen, had beyond 99 % of theoretical density. Bending strength of smooth healed specimens had high strength more than 1 GPa. Crack healed specimens recovered as strength as smooth specimen. That is, cracked specimen with $SiO_2$ colloidal coating on cracked part recovered strength by heat treatment, completely. Crack healing of $Si_3N_4$ composite ceramics had contributed glassy $SiO_2$ to strength recovery. Limiting high temperature for bending strength of heat treated smooth specimen for bending strength was about 1273 K.