• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.182-187
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• 2003

Quality attributes of reconstructed pork patties with ISP were evaluated. Reconstructed pork patties with 30% meat plus ISP and 50% meat plus had significantly less cooking loss and dimensional changes than control. Sensory evaluation revealed patties with 30 or 50% meat had higher hardness and juiciness than control, patties with ISP, and patties with direct addition of ISP. Objective elasticities of patties with 30 or 50 % meat were high, whereas patties without ISP had higher values of hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. Color of patties with 30 or 50% meat were different from that of control. These result show addition of ISP to meat emulsion for pork patties markedly improved cooking loss, dimensional changes, hardness, and juiciness. When pork patties and cutlets prepared according to meat (30%) formula were frozen, cooking loss was significantly higher in slow-frozen patties, but freezing rate did not affect dimensional changes of patties and cutlets. Slow-frozen patties had higher hardness, but other textural properties were affected by the freezing rate. Quality of pork cutlets was not significantly changed by the freezing rate.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.319-327
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• 1981

In order to reproduce and improve the Korean traditional Kochujang(fermented hot pepper-soybean paste), traditional and improved Kochujang Koji were prepared according to the standard method investigated in Chunrabookdo area and combined the raw materials of Kochujang by the traditional habit. Amino nitrogen contents were higher in improved Kochujang than in traditional one, those were in the range from 83 to 106 mg% immediately after brewing and 191 to 313 mg% at the end stage of brewing. Water soluble and ammonia nitrogen contents were most high in the improved Kochujang which was mixed with sodium chloride and brewed soysauce as seasoning. The content of reducing sugar of traditional Kochujang was higher than that of improved one during the brewing. Ethyl alcohol contents of all Kochujang samples were 0.04% at the early stage of brewing and that reached above 2.5% after $40{\sim}50$ days brewing.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2012

Steeping and germination conditions were investigated in order to produce barley containing a high ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content, and the changes in GABA and nutritional components before and after germination were also evaluated in this study. Water absorption rates of three barleys increased alongside both steeping time and steeping temperature. The highest GABA contents of the three barleys, 10.4-14.1 mg/100 g, were obtained from the steeping condition of $25^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr. The GABA contents of germinated barleys ranged from 14.3 to 20.9 mg/100 g, increasing by 3.9 to 14.6 times compared with raw barley. The crude lipid, crude ash and total mineral contents were slightly decreased after germination. The major fatty acids of the three barleys before and after germination were linoleic and palmitic acids. ${\beta}$-glucan contents of three barleys were slightly decreased after germination.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1073-1077
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• 2010

Fungi, including allergenic, pathogenic or toxigenic species, may have direct effects on human health, interfere with the disinfection process and maintenance of chlorine residual, and add to taste and odor problems. We surveyed distribution of waterborne fungi from raw water in Busan metropolitan city using the EPA standard method. According to the survey, conducted from March 2008 to October 2008, the number of fungi in raw water was high in September and low in April. Quantitative enumeration of fungi per 100 ml of raw water ranged from 5 to 64 CFU, and a higher number was detected in the Mulgum region compared to the Maeri region. Total fungi numbers highly correlated with pH, water temperature and total coliform in this area. Predominant fungi genera grown in medium were identified as Aspergillus, Penicillum, Histoplasma, Rhizopus, Trichophyton, Mucor and Sporthrix species. Aspergillus flavus and Penicillum notatum were particularly dominant in both areas. There were a total of 6 and 9 species detected in the Mulgum and Maeri regions respectively, and the number of species was more verified in the Maeri region than the Mulgum region.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.283-290
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• 1988

A spontaneous revertant of mutation rbsB103 that is ribose taxis-positive was characterized. This revertant was found to be export-competent in the export of ribose-binding protein shown by the disappearance of accumulated mutant precursor protein and the export of mature ribose-binding protein to the periplasm. The reversional change was shown to be in the region of risB gene that codes for the amino terminal portion of ribose-binding protein. Analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography of peptide patterns of ribose-binding proteins confirmed the relationship between the wild-type and the revertant proteins as shown for the mutant previously (Iida et al., 1985). When the processing rate of presursor proteins from the wild type and the revertant strain in vivo was compared by pulse-chase experiment, it was found that processing is less efficient than normal in the revertant. Purified mature proteins from both wild-type and revertant were subjected to amino acid sequencing. The results confirmed the amino acid changes deduced from the DNA sequencing and showed that processing of the revertant precursor occured in the correct position even though there are two different amino acids present in the signal sequence.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2006

Vitamin-C is one of the typical bioactive substances widely used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. It is well known that the bioavailability of vitamin-C decreases with time because it is spontaneously oxidized in the presence of oxygen. In this study, vitamin-C inclusion complexes were prepared by formulating vitamin-C with 2-hydroxypropyl-${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (HP-${\beta}$-CD) to protect vitamin-C from being oxidized. Vitamin-C inclusion complexes were prepared by a solvent evaporation method using a rotary evaporator and various solvents of different dielectric constant such as ethanol, methanol and distilled deionized water to investigate the effect of solvent polarity on the stability of vitamin-C. To estimate the stability of inclusion complexes, samples were stored in a 50 mM phosphate buffer solution of pH 7.0 for 24 hours at $25{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$ and the degradation rate of vitamin-C was calculated using a high performance liquid chromatography. The stability of vitamin-C was observed to improve with the increase of solvent polarity.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.409-413
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• 2007

Polydiacetylene(PDA)-based sensors possess a number of properties that can be successfully applied for label-free detection system. PDA is one of the most attractive color-generating materials, with growing applications as sensors. Here we introduce various PDA-based devices, used as biosensor, chemosensor, thermosensor, and optoelectronics sensor. In general, PDA liposomes and films are closely packed and properly designed for polymerization via 1,4-addition reaction to form an ene-yne alternating polymer chain. PDA-based two/three dimensional structures have been used for colorimetric or fluorescent devices, sensing biological as well as chemical components. This color-generating material also present a very high charge carrier mobility, allowing its application as field-effect transistor (FET). The immobilized PDA structures or films have distinct advantages for the detection of low concentration target molecules over the aqueous solution-based detection systems. In the present review, reported detection methods by using various PDA structures are summarized with updated references.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.896-901
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• 2002

Since many process parameters of FHD(Flame Hydrolysis Deposition) are involved in forming multi-component amorphous silica film ($SiO_2-B_2O_3-P_2O_5-GeO_2$), it has not been easy to predict the optical, mechanical and thermal properties of deposited film from the simple process parameters, such as source flow rate. Furthermore, the prediction of final composition of film becomes even more difficult after sintering at high temperature due to the evaporation of volatile dopants. The motivation of the study was to clarify the quantitative relationship between simple process parameters such as the flow rate of source gases and resulting chemical composition of sintered film. Hence, the compositional analysis of silica soot by FTIR(Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy) and ICP-AES(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry) under the control of the amount of dopant was carried out to obtain the quantitative composition. By measuring spectrum of absorbance from FTIR, the compositional change of B-O, Si-O, OH($H_2O$) in silica film was measured. The concentrations of these dopants were also measured by ICP-AES, which were compared with the FTIR result. The final quantitative relationship between simple process parameters and composition was deduced from the comparison between two results.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.224-236
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• 2015

We conducted the algicidal activity screening tests using 10 L microcosm to investigate the possibility of the field application of naphthoquinone derivative Nq 4-6 compound as an algicide. We determined its application range to assess its algicidal effects on the phytoplankton and to evaluate the response of the planktonic community and the water environment to this chemical. From results of the microcosm experiments, Nq 4-6 compound showed high algicidal activity on the centric diatoms such as Stephanodiscus hantzschii and Cyclotella meneghiniana, but it had no effect on other phytoplankton. The abundance of S. hantzschii continuously increased in the control, but its cell density decreased 1 day after the Nq 4-6 treatment. In particular, Nq 4-6 showed algicidal activity of 94.4% against S. hantzschii 7 days after the treatment. The dominance index of phytoplankton community was lower in the treatment than in the control. The diversity index, richness index and evenness index of phytoplankton community was higher in the treatment. Environmental factors and biological factors did not show specific changes after the Nq 4-6 compound treatment. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrates that Nq 4-6 is an effective agent for the control of S. hantzschii blooms, and that the microcosm tests play a crucial role when assessing field application.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.21-34
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• 1990

Trail and campground deteriorations and their environmental changes of soil and vegetation were studied in Tonghwa -Sa district of Mt. Palgong Natural Park through 1988 into 1989. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The bare width of trail as one of the trail condition factor was significantly greater on the more heavily used trail. Deterioration types of trail which had higher frequency for a total of 45 observations were rock exposure(42%), trail deepening(40%) and root exposure(18%) in the high order. And also sound type on which the trail was not deteriorated at all amounted to 33% of all observations. 2. Ecological changes of soil and vegatation of trailsides were not found at a uniform tendency except that soil hardness was slightly decreased from trail edge to the forest, but they could be grouped by the type of user\`s behavior and site conditions. Use impacts on the natural environment of trailside in Mt. Palgong are still far from the severe harmulness. 3. Worse damages to compground condition were appeared in Bawi-gol than Susu-gol campsite. Types of mechanically damaged trees were tree with exposed root(63% ), scared tree(43% ), mutilated tree(30 % ) and felled tree in highly frequent order. And diameter increments of trees in campsites were oppressed by the campers. 4. Tree damage types and their frequencies could be basic as a means of which grasp the bounds of user's impacts. User's disturbance on campsite extended to the distance of 70∼90m from the core of campsite at Pawi-gol and 20∼30m at Susu-gol respectively. As the tolerant trees to use impact, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Rhus trichocarpa, Acer palmatum, Rubus crataegifolius and Celastrus orbiculatus were considered.