• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.253-263
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• 2023

The biogenesis and biological roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the progression of liver diseases have attracted considerable attention in recent years. EVs are membrane-bound nanosized vesicles found in different types of body fluids and contain various bioactive materials, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and mitochondrial DNA. Based on their origin and biogenesis, EVs can be classified as apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes. Among these, exosomes are the smallest EVs (30-150 nm in diameter), which play a significant role in cell-to-cell communication and epigenetic regulation. Moreover, exosomal content analysis can reveal the functional state of the parental cell. Therefore, exosomes can be applied to various purposes, including disease diagnosis and treatment, drug delivery, cell-free vaccines, and regenerative medicine. However, exosome-related research faces two major limitations: isolation of exosomes with high yield and purity and distinction of exosomes from other EVs (especially microvesicles). No standardized exosome isolation method has been established to date; however, various exosome isolation strategies have been proposed to investigate their biological roles. Exosome-mediated intercellular communications are known to be involved in alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development. Damaged hepatocytes or nonparenchymal cells release large numbers of exosomes that promote the progression of inflammation and fibrogenesis through interactions with neighboring cells. Exosomes are expected to provide insight on the progression of liver disease. Here, we review the biogenesis of exosomes, exosome isolation techniques, and biological roles of exosomes in alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.431-440
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• 2015

Chicken bone is not adequately utilized despite its high nutritional value and protein content. Although not a common raw material, chicken bone can be used in many different ways besides manufacturing of collagen products. In this study, a multi-step procedure was optimized to isolate chicken bone collagen for higher yield and quality for manufacture of collagen products. The chemical composition of chicken bone was 2.9% nitrogen corresponding to about 15.6% protein, 9.5% fat, 14.7% mineral and 57.5% moisture. The lowest amount of protein loss was aimed along with the separation of the highest amount of visible impurities, non-collagen proteins, minerals and fats. Treatments under optimum conditions removed 57.1% of fats and 87.5% of minerals with respect to their initial concentrations. Meanwhile, 18.6% of protein and 14.9% of hydroxyproline were lost, suggesting that a selective separation of non-collagen components and isolation of collagen were achieved. A significant part of impurities were selectively removed and over 80% of the original collagen was preserved during the treatments.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.274-276
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• 2006

Mungbean (Vigna radiata) is a legume to East Asia that has great potential for development as traditional food and industrial crop. It produces both protein and starch rich grain. The low variability of the existing gene pool of the mungbean limits the use of conventional plant breeding to address this problem. For this purpose, an efficient means of RNA isolation from mungbean seed tissues was developed. The quality of RNA obtained by this method was sufficient for use in RT-PCR and RNA analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1247-1252
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• 2007

The machine equipment of the building inside occurs the vibration. In order to reduce this vibration spring, rubber pad is used. But efficiency of this classical mount is restricted at specific frequency. Also maximum efficiency design is complicated. This paper proposes and examines a attached mass isolation system that is used to reduce transmitted vibrations from machines onto their floor support. With attached mass the low frequency performance is improved overall. The performance is showed in 2 degree of freedom model test. And the proposed isolator has been validated by dynamic test and good agreement between theoretical and experimental results has been obtained.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• v.2C no.5
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• pp.262-267
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• 2002

In this paper, we first studied the factors affecting the motor current (MC) signal, which was strongly affected by the systematic hardware noises depending on polishing such as pad conditioning and arm oscillation of platen and recipe, head motor. Next, we studied the end point detection (EPD) for the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process of shallow trench isolation (STI) with reverse moat structure. The MC signal showed a high amplitude peak in the fore part caused by the reverse meal. pattern. We also found that the EP could not be detected properly and reproducibly due to the pad conditioning effect, especially when conventional low selectivity slurry was used. Even when there was no pad conditioning effect, the EPD method could not be applied, since the measured end points were always the same due to the characteristics of the reverse moat structure with an open nitride layer.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.529-536
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• 2003

As large structures such as high-rise buildings and cable-stayed bridges become lighter and more flexible, the necessity of structural control for reducing excessive displacement and acceleration due to seismic excitation is increased. As a method to minimize seismic damages, various base isolation systems are adopted or considered for adoption. In this study, the seismic performance of MR dampers are studied and compared with that of the NZ system as a base isolation system. As the control algorithm of the MR damper, the clipped-optimal control(applied LQR method) is employed. A five-story building is modeled and the seismic performance of the two systems subjected to three different earthquakes is compared. The results show that the MR damper system can provide superior protection than the NZ system for a wide range of ground motions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 1999.03b
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• pp.229-232
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• 1999

The seismic isolation technology has appeared to be increasingly necessary for highway brides LNG tank nuclear power plant and building structures in view of recent frequent earthquake vibrations in Korea. Also high-technology industries required effective seismic protection. The LRB(Lead Rubber Bearing) systen has been counted as the most effective way for seismic isolation which is now under development and widely used in industries. Hear the commercial FEM software for nonlinear analysis MARC has provided force-displacement curves on the rubber system. The analysis has been carried out about four cases ; 29.5mm and 59mm horizontal dislacements with/without a center hole. The unknown constants of the strain energy function of Ogden model have been obtained by a tension test,

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.139.1-139.1
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• 2011

Electric vehicle use independent electricity of high voltage. if isolation of electricity is destructed, devices and people are considerably damaged. Therefore, detection of ground fault is necessary for electric vehicle. As the existing detection method of ground fault can not detect ground fault when isolation of both positive side and negative side of electricity is destructed, and change of voltage of electricity. This paper proposed detection method for ground fault of both two sides of electricity and change of voltage. The proposed method is verified by analysis of equivalent circuit.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.259-263
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• 2012

To isolate an alginate-degrading bacterium, we conducted a single colony isolation using a solid medium containing alginate as the sole carbon source. A marine bacterium Y-4 capable of degrading alginate was isolated from seawater. The strain was identified to be Pseudoalteromonas sp., based on morphological, biochemical, 16S rDNA homology, and phylogenetic analyses. Moreover, Pseudoalteromonas sp. Y-4 exhibited alginate lyase activity in the presence of 4% alginate even though many known alginate-degrading bacteria degrade in the range of 0.5-1% alginate. The optimum culture conditions for the Y-4 strain were 2% alginate, pH 8.0, and 3% NaCl at $30^{\circ}C$. The highest alginate lyase activity was also observed under the same conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first reported isolation of a marine bacterium degrading high concentrations of alginate.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 2015

Shimizu Corporation Tokyo Headquarters, one of the city's leading office buildings, features many pioneering technologies that contribute to a sustainable society through environmental stewardship and a sophisticated disaster management facility. In terms of structural engineering, a seismic isolation system incorporating reinforced concrete core walls and precast concrete perimeter frames create a robust structure in the event of a large earthquake. In addition to the seismic resistance of the structure, several pioneering construction methods and materials are adopted. This office building can serve as a basis for new design and construction approaches and methodologies to ensure safe and economical structures.